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You may consider Moby Dick an adventure novel.

The solemn struggle of man against the forces of evil finds in Melville's novel his greatest expression.

The novel is full of allegorical meanings.

It is not explicitly said when the facts take place, but it is deduced from the way the environments and whalers are described: the period coincides with that of the author's life, in fact, Melville based himself  on personal experience in writing Moby Dick.

The events take place over a year, in the first half of the nineteenth century.

The places mentioned in the book are real and are explicitly mentioned.

The author uses predominantly the remote and imperfect past.

The language used is aulic and in some ways difficult to understand.

Periods don’t have a complex structure, they do not prevail in subordination or coordination. Discursive parts are made with the direct discourse.

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Herman Melville, New York (1819-1891), was one of the most representative writers in the period just prior to the Civil War.
Born in New York by a wealthy merchant who boasted noble origins, Melville attended schools until 1830. When his father died (1832), the serious financial difficulties forced the four male children to seek employment.
Melville worked in a shop, then in a bank, then in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. After a brief experience as elementary teacher (1837-38), he moved to New York. He resumed his studies in the hope of finding a job, but after writing some prose texts, Melville at the age of nineteen embarked on a merchant sailor . Returning to the United States in September 1839, he embarked again in January 1841 on a whaler that went to the South Seas. Returning home, he started writing intensely, publishing seven novels in seven years. In 1846, he met and married Elizabeth Shaw, daughter of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and moved to New York the following year. In 1849 he left for a trip to Europe, in 1851 completed his masterpiece, Moby Dick, but was not understood by the public. In 1856 he sailed for a long trip to Europe and the Holy Land. Failing to obtain a consular post in Florence in 1861, he moved to New York in 1863, accepting the New York Customs District Inspectorate (1866), a position he held for twenty years, writing mainly poetry. He was forgotten by all.

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The young Ismaele meets in a inn  the Polynesian Quiqueg and with him he embarks on the whaler Pequod.
Only when sailing started Ismaele meets the captain of the ship that he had listened from the crew that talked fascinated about the capitain.
Captain Achab appears on the deck, solid like bronze, with a whalebone leg and a single obsession: find Moby Dick, the elusive white whale who mutilated him with the tail.
For years the whalers around the world have spoken about her.
Moby Dick is smart and fierce.
Every ship fear and flee, except the one  of Achab.
For months the Pequod runs the oceans searching  the monster and Captain Achab's irresistible pursuit is loaded with symbolic meanings.
Moby Dick is Evil, the mystery of fate, the drama of human life, and Achab is the man who does not accept the limits imposed on his condition and challenges the forces of nature.
Moby Dick finally appears.
The hunt lasts for three days and Achab, divided the crew on three spears, drives the final assault.
The  ship sinks.
Achab with a crane hangs the monster but him is caught in the rope and dragged into the abyss with his men.
Only Ismaele saved himself  supporting himself on a wreck.