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In 1816, the stethoscope was invented by Frenchman Rene Laennec in order to avoid too much personal contact with his patients by directly placing an ear to their chest in order to diagnose them.
Importance: By the 1850s and even still today, a stethoscope is considered one of a physician's most valuable pieces of equipment. Stethoscopes are used to identify sounds and potential issues among various bodily systems. They are significant in a doctor's training to correctly diagnose a patient through the sounds heard from within someone's body.

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Influenza is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a virus in the RNA, and was at one time in the top most fatal diseases in the world. The first Influenza vaccine was created in 1945 by Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis in an attempt to prevent U.S. soldiers from contracting the disease during World War II.
Importance: The flu shot is one of the most commonly distributed vaccines in present day. Although there are now cures for this potentially fatal disease, Influenza can still pose a serious threat to newborns and young children. However, the flu shot prevents millions of cases of the flu each year.

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World Health Organization Founded [1948]

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World Health Organization Founded [1948]

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In 1948, the United Nations founded the World Health Organization (WHO) as an agency for the purpose of international public health. One of the WHO's most notable achievements is playing a leading role the eradication of the smallpox virus, which came in 1980.
Importance: The significance of the WHO is derived from their ambition to grant access to beneficial health and medical information to all parts of the world. They also have played an important role in addressing world health trends, and putting their best foot forward in order to bring an end to epidemic and deadly diseases.

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In 1996, the concept of cloning was advanced when Dolly the sheep was born. Cloned from an adult somatic cell, Dolly was the first mammal to ever survive the cloning process as well as live a full life and even produce offspring.
Importance: Dolly the sheep taught the world that the idea of developing new life from a somatic cell is completely possible. On a smaller scale, the concept of cloning in cells and learning more about specific proteins allows further advancement in medical research, particularly in the areas of disease and pathogens.

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In 1899, German chemist Felix Hoffmann invented aspirin, a medicine to fight fever as well as relieve pain.
Importance: Aspirin is a medicine found in the average household. It is one of the most common drugs used for everyday pain relief, including headaches as well as other bodily pains. It is also significant for preventing blood clotting after surgery.

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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a disease that attacks the body's immune system, causing the destruction of crucial white blood cells. In 1983, Dr. Luc Montagnier and his colleagues discovered that the cause of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is in fact HIV.
Importance: In identifying the underlying cause for the AIDS disease as HIV, the human race was able to take steps in order to prevent it's spread. People now know that the disease is preventable, and some precautions one can take in order to avoid contracting AIDS include using sterile needles as well as practicing safe sexual intercourse.

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Much like an X-ray, a CAT Scan produces an image of different systems within the body, such as organs and other internal structures. In 1975, British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield invented this crucial piece of medical technology in order to better diagnose patients by getting an in-depth view of their bodies.
Importance: The CAT Scan is a worldwide medical advancement. It has revolutionized the way patients are diagnosed, and it has better demonstrated underlying causes for a disease as well as disease prevention through the images produced by the system.

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In December of 1967, Dr. Christian Bernard performed the first human heart transplant on Lewis Washkansky in Cape Town, South Africa. Although Washkansy's body ultimately rejected the heart, this first heart transplant set the stage for improvements in the realm of cardiac surgery as well as heart transplants.
Importance: In order to avoid heart failure and ultimately death, heart transplants are necessary. Open heart surgery as well as heart transplants save the lives of an estimated half a million people each year.

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Discovery of the Structure of DNA [1953]

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Discovery of the Structure of DNA [1953]

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In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of the DNA molecule. DNA consists of a double-helix structure with complimentary nucleotide bases.
Importance: The discovery of the structure of DNA allowed for countless medical discoveries, including how genetics are the underlying cause for some major diseases as well as the creation of medicines to treat these genetically linked conditions.

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Invention of the First Cardiac Pacemaker [1950]

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Invention of the First Cardiac Pacemaker [1950]

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The first cardiac pacemaker was invented by Canadian electrical engineer John Hopps in 1950. The purpose of this device is to monitor and control the rhythm of the heart.
lmportance: The purpose of the pacemaker is to adjust abnormal heart rhythms, which is important because irregular heart rhythms can lead to severe heart conditions and can even be fatal. The pacemaker has saved the lives of countless individuals with once uncontrollable heart issues.

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First Vaccine Developed for Tuberculosis [1927]

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First Vaccine Developed for Tuberculosis [1927]

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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that tends to affect the lungs, causing severe coughing and fever. In 1927, French bacteriologist Albert Calmette developed a vaccination for this condition.
Importance: Even today, Tuberculosis continues to be one of the most fatal infectious diseases. However, the Tuberculosis vaccine has prevented millions of people around the world from contracting the disease, thus saving the lives of countless people.

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Insulin First Used to Treat Diabetes [1922]

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Insulin First Used to Treat Diabetes [1922]

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Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that is used to stabilize blood sugar levels in the human body. In 1922, insulin was first used on a 14-year old boy to treat his fatal diabetic condition.
Importance: Insulin is still used in modern day to treat diabetics, particularly those with Type 2 Diabetes. The use of insulin in the body to make sure blood sugar does not get too high or too low has saved the lives of thousands with diabetes, which was once a fatal condition.

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In 1881, nurse Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in an attempt to provide care for humanity as well as health-related disaster relief. The Red Cross is still a popular volunteer-oriented organization today all over the world, specifically providing care through volunteer doctors and nurses in the poorest areas.
Importance: The American Red Cross continues to serve humanitarian needs nearly 150 years later. This organization has also provided most of America's donated blood to be used in hospitals worldwide as well as in primitive areas.

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In 1895, German mechanical engineer and physician Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen detected electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray wavelength. X-rays pass through the human body to produce scans of body structures such as bones and organs.
Importance: The importance of X-rays is demonstrated by their efficiency in producing images of broken bones as well as signs of injury and diseases. Without X-rays, physicians would find it very difficult to identify fractures, breaks, or ruptures within the systems of the human body.

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In 1857, Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch provided evidence for germs being the cause of disease. They performed countless experiments, and made groundbreaking discoveries, including the pathology of the perpetual fever as well as methods to kill infectious microorganisms.
Importance: In the discovery of germs being the cause of diseases allowed for future development of cures for once incurable diseases. It also allowed for the development of disease prevention practices.

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English physician Edward Jenner was the first to produce a vaccination for the deadly smallpox virus. Not only was this the first smallpox vaccine; it was the first vaccination ever produced for any disease in history.
Importance: By discovering a method to prevent the smallpox virus, Jenner saved the lives of thousands who avoided contracting the disease. Smallpox is the only infectious disease to have been deemed eradicated by the World Health Organization thanks to the efficiency of the smallpox vaccine.

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French surgeon Claudius Amyand was the first to successfully remove a ruptured appendix from an 11 year old boy in 1763.
Importance: Although this is a standard surgical procedure in the modern world, it was a highly dangerous and new surgery in the eighteenth century. There were many risks accompanied with having an appendectomy, and Claudius Amyand is credited with successfully performing this surgery as well as saving the patient's life.

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Harvey's Circulatory System Discovery [1628]

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Harvey's Circulatory System Discovery [1628]

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William Harvey produced the world's first accurate depiction of blood circulation throughout the body. In his book On the Motion of Heart and Blood, he included theories on the purpose of the heart and it's operation.
Importance: Harvey's discoveries on the heart and blood circulation continue to hold much significance today, especially since they allow physicians and anatomy specialists to understand the functions of the human body. His theories also assisted in the understanding of human disease.

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Leonardo da Vinci's Dissection of the Human Corpse [1498]

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Leonardo da Vinci's Dissection of the Human Corpse [1498]

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In building on his interests in human anatomy, da Vinci was one of the first people to dissect a human corpse. In this process, he was able to create drawings of human anatomy, and is credited with producing the first accurate depiction of the human spine.
Importance: da Vinci's dissection of the human corpse and the drawings he produced from his discoveries established models for future research on human anatomy. It allowed for accurate depictions of human organs and other structures as well as taught much about the systems of the body.

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Known as the "Father of Modern Medicine", Hippocrates made endless contributions to the health science realm that continue to have an effect on modern day medicine. Perhaps Hippocrates' most important contribution was the Hippocratic Oath, which requires physicians to uphold particular ethical standards in their medicinal practices. The Hippocratic Oath is still widely used by most medical graduates and is a required part of their training.
Importance: Hippocrates' significance is demonstrated by his advancements to the medical field, specifically through his study of the human body. In addition, the Hippocratic Oath is a vital part of a medical student's future career in developing an understanding of the importance of a patient's well-being.