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Victorian Newspaper Article Example Page 1

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Victorian Newspaper Article Example Page 1

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Victorian Newspaper Article Example Page 1

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Non Fiction 1 Research STARTING points: Deadly Street Gangs

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Non Fiction 1 Research STARTING points: Deadly Street Gangs

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An example of research for your newspaper article

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History

In the 19th century, the world was a changing place-especially in the big cities. Immigrants flooded into New York, Liverpool, and Glasgow, causing mixing religious and ethnic groups to fight for their place in their new world. Meanwhile, criminals were quickly discovering that life was much easier with the help of like-minded people. Powerful street gangs began to form, quickly staking their claims to control their cities.

10The Rip Raps

Taking their name from a notorious shoal in the Hampton Roads, the Rip Raps dominated Baltimore in the 1850s. The gang was adamantly anti-Catholic and anti-immigration, a stance that eventually prompted them to lend their support to the similarly inclined Know-Nothing political party.

And by "support," we mean they rioted and burned down the headquarters of the opposing Democratic party (ironically located in the New Market Fire Company Buildings). Democrats who tried to flee the scene were caught and beaten in a bizarre, bloody episode that left two people dead and many others injured. The Know-Nothing candidate won the election.

The incident helped set the stage for the 1856 presidential election, which took place just a month later. The Know-Nothing candidate, former president Millard Fillmore, won a runaway victory in the state-it was the only state that he did win-but the power of the Rip Raps couldn't continue to go unchecked. Even Mayor Thomas Swann, who had been elected with their support, tried to turn the gang away from violence. Meanwhile, Swann used his office to establish a professional police department and fire brigade. By the time the next election came around, the gang had fallen by the wayside.

9Peaky Blinders

According to popular legend, the Peaky Blinders were named after their weapon of choice-flat caps with razor blades sewn into the brim. While it's not clear just how accurate that particular story is, the gang featured in the BBC television series Peaky Blinders was absolutely real.

Formed in the poverty-stricken streets of Birmingham, England at some point in the late 1800s, the Peaky Blinders were actually just one of a number of gangs plaguing the city. They were often in the thick of mass street brawls, which could last for hours as rival gangs tried to assert their dominance. Much like the other gangs, they ran protection rackets and targeted anyone who seemed vulnerable.

But there was one important way that the Peaky Blinders were different from the other street gangs-they had style. In fact, the Blinders were known by sight, famous for their silk scarves and neat trousers. Like the other gangs, they commonly recruited children into their ranks, with weapon-carrying members as young as 12 or 13 showing up in the Birmingham arrest records.

8The High Rip Gang

The High Rip Gang stalked the streets of Liverpool in the 1880s. In January 1884, the body of a Spanish sailor was found in the city, brutally beaten and stabbed in a way that was terrifyingly reminiscent of the murders carried out by a gang that had been operating in the area a decade earlier. A 17-year-old laborer was ultimately found guilty of the murder and hanged for the crime, but the gang's activities continued.

Peaking between 1884 and 1886, the High Rips' reach spread throughout the poorest sections of the city. Most of their victims were sailors, dockworkers, and shopkeepers. Those they didn't kill were often left badly beaten and permanently disfigured. The gang's favorite weapons included heavy belts and knives known as "bleeders."

The High Rips emerged on the heels of a group called "the Cornermen," who got their name from their tendency to wait on street corners for a victim to pass by. But the High Rip Gang was a much more organized and ruthless force. Members were always armed-so much so that the police preferred to just let them have their way rather than risk a confrontation.

While the gang's activities lessened after 1886, it lingered throughout the rest of the decade. It's even been suggested that some members had ties to Jack the Ripper.

7The Deansgate Mob

Traditionally, history focuses on the conflicts of adults, and the end of the 19th century was a time of huge upheaval in the British empire. But there was also trouble at home.

Youth crime was recorded in those days, but finding any trace of those records now takes a fair bit of work. But a researcher from Liverpool recently uncovered a series of records suggesting that Manchester was among the worst, bloodiest places to grow up in 19th-century England-and that's mostly because of people like John-Joseph Hillier and his Deansgate Mob.

The Deansgate Mob had claimed a music hall called "the Casino" as their base, and frequently brawled with anyone brave enough to step onto their turf. Hillier joined the gang when he was just 14. By the time he had scrapped his way to the top, they were firmly established in the center of Manchester. Hillier served a stint in jail for attacking his enemies with a butcher knife, and street-fighting was an extremely regular occurrence. Fights between gangs were called scuttles, and reporters soon christened Hillier " King of the Scuttlers." He was so happy with the name that he had it sewn on the front of his shirt. It became a regular part of his uniform, along with the sharpened belt buckles that defined scuttler fashion.

6The Forty Thieves

For most of its history, New York was famous as the domain of the street gang-and the Forty Thieves were among the very first.

At some point around 1825, the pickpockets and thieves who frequented a certain shabby storefront-one that sold cheap vegetables, cheap food, and even cheaper rum-realized that they would be more effective if they banded together to do their dirty work. For more than 25 years, the mostly Irish gang would function under a system in which members were expected to bring back a certain amount of stolen goods-or face the consequences.

And the consequences were faced by everyone, including the wife of the gang's first leader, Edward Coleman. When she failed to meet her quota, Coleman beat her to death. He was eventually hanged for the crime, but his gang continued to thrive without him. They recruited even younger members, no more than children, and called them the Forty Little Thieves. They served as pickpockets and lookouts, while being groomed to enter the ranks of the older group.

For many of the Thieves, crime was a way to pull themselves out of the crippling poverty that blighted New York's slums. Some even branched out into politics, forming strong ties with the formidable Democratic machine known as Tammany Hall.

5The Bowery Boys

Perhaps the most famous of New York's Five Points street gangs, there were several different incarnations of the Bowery Boys throughout the 19th century. At times, it's tough to determine what's true and what's not, as the gang were famous for spinning tall tales around their exploits.

As early as the 1840s, there were plays being performed in New York's Bowery theater, telling the probably partially accurate story of Mose Humphreys. Painted as a larger-than-life Bowery Boy on the stage, it's pretty certain that his real-life career was more along the lines of running protection rackets with his division of the gang. At the time, New York's fire brigades were largely gang-run-it was common to see competing brigades fighting each other at the scene of a fire. The real Mose had actually met his match during a fire-fight a few years before, eventually leaving for Hawaii to run the same racket there.

But while the gang fought in the gutters, they were also a power in the political world. They took up the cause of the little guy, rallying against upper-class politicians and turning elections into riots. For a time, polling places were an incredibly dangerous place to be-but for some, the gang was a mechanism for social reform. When gang leader Mike Walsh died in 1859, the poet Walt Whitman not only wrote about his struggles, but was likely the author of an obituary lauding him for his passion and heart.

4The Dead Rabbits

First and foremost, the Dead Rabbits were the mortal enemies of the Bowery Boys. According to the stories, both gangs could claim more than 1,000 members by the mid-1800s-so when the two gangs faced off, it was guaranteed to be a legendary clash. Just what kind of scale is accurate is up for debate, but the two gangs certainly ran into each other dozens of times in the 1830s and 1840s alone.

According to popular legend, the Rabbits acquired their unusual name during a fight between different factions in their original gang: the Roach Guard. At one point, someone threw a dead bunny into the room. Since "dead rabbit" was slang for someone who started fights, the breakaway faction decided to use that as their new name.

The Dead Rabbits eventually became aligned with the incredibly corrupt Tammany Hall organization and could often be seen at polling stations running off anyone who wasn't going to vote their way.

In 1857, they were key players in the huge Fourth of July riots. Just what happened in the chaotic gang war isn't well documented, with estimates of the death toll ranging from 8 to 100. An estimated 5,000 gang members took part in the Fourth of July riots, which raged for days. The Dead Rabbits were also at the forefront of the even worse 1863 Draft Riots. In that case, the carnage was only stopped when the mob was subdued by federal troops. By then, the death toll was enormous, and countless homes and buildings-including an orphanage-had been burned to the ground.

3Rocks Push

In the 1870s, gangs known as "pushes" divided the streets of Sydney, Australia. One of the largest was the Protestant group known as the Rocks Push, which operated in opposition to the city's Catholic gangs.

Most of their crimes involved theft and harassing the local dockworkers. In addition to the core male members of the group, the women associated with the gang were right in the thick of things, often acting as decoys. Of course, there was the usual fighting, especially with Sydney's Catholic "larrikins." Eventually, the rivalry would be resolved in an unusual way.

In 1871, Larry Foley, one of the leaders of a Catholic gang, challenged the head of the Rocks Push to a fight. Unbeknownst to the Rocks Push, Foley had been training under "Perry the Black," a Canadian boxer who had been at the top of his sport before being transported Down Under as a punishment for passing forged banknotes. The fight that ensued became the stuff of legend-it's said that the two gang leaders went 71 rounds before police finally stepped in. Recognizing that he was beaten, the leader of the Rocks Push handed control of the gang over to Foley.

Gradually, Rocks Push went the way of other street gangs and fell apart. Foley briefly tried to get the gang off of the criminal path, but failed. Over the next 20 years, there were a rash of gang-related rapes and murders (perpetrated, in large part, by other groups), which forced law enforcement to crack down. But the Push name did briefly come back into fashion in the 1950s, when it was adopted by a group of writers, artists, and filmmakers, who defied the conservative establishment by embracing gambling, horse racing, and public art.

2Glasgow's Penny Mobs

Glasgow has always had a reputation as a tough town, and things were no different in the late 1800s. For the last few decades of the century, the city was the stomping ground of the " penny mobs "-gangs who staked out their territory and would rob anyone they thought a fitting target.

The term "penny mob" was coined by the media and given to the street gangs for a number of reasons. Firstly, rather than serving time in jail, crime was so widespread that those found in midst of gang activity were often fined a single penny, then sent on their way. It was also said that the gangs would beat and rob someone for nothing more than a penny.

They also had some pretty striking similarities with the street gangs that were running New York City at the time-notably, the Irish were right in the middle of it all. Glasgow was largely Protestant, but it was also home to a large Irish immigrant population escaping the famine and poverty of their homeland. Many of Glasgow's gangs were formed in the years around this immigration, and much of the violence started against Irish immigrants. Even non-Catholic Irish immigrants were still very much on the other side of the divide from the natives of Glasgow. Violence for money soon became violence in the name of religion, and there are few topics more heated than that.

1The Mandelbaum Gang

Frederika Mandelbaum was better known as Marm, and a mother is exactly what she was. She set up shop in New York City sometime around 1864, and for 20 years she built up a reputable gang of thieves, pickpockets, and bandits-who all trusted her to pay them fairly for what they stole. It's estimated that she and her gang handled merchandise that would today be worth somewhere around $200 million.

Part of Mandelbaum's success was due to the way she treated her network of thieves. She stood by her own, and always kept a law firm on retainer for any of her gang who got caught. She was famous for handing out bribes to police and judges, encouraging them to look the other way.

Unlike most of the other street gangs, a large number of Mandelbaum's crew were women. Mandelbaum herself thought highly of women who wanted to do something other than housework and even opened a school to train the next generation of female thieves and pickpockets. In addition to the school, she also owned a network of warehouses that she used to hold her stolen merchandise, and a three-story building where she ran a haberdashery and held dinner parties for the upper crust of New York society.

Her apartments were furnished, in large part, with merchandise stolen by her gang, and it's uncertain whether or not any of her guests ever spotted their missing cutlery there.

After having a number of odd jobs from shed-painter to grave-digger, Debra loves writing about the things no history class will teach. She spends much of her time distracted by her two cattle dogs.

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10 Deadly Street Gangs Of The Victorian Era - Listverse

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In the 19th century, the world was a changing place---especially in the big cities. Immigrants flooded into New York, Liverpool, and Glasgow, causing mixing religious and ethnic groups to fight for their place in their new world. Meanwhile, criminals were quickly discovering that life was much easier with the help of like-minded people.

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Victorian Short Fiction Project - Welcome

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Victorian Newspaper Article Example Page 2

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Victorian Newspaper Article Example Page 2

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SH

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Public Executions

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It's exactly 500 years since the birth of Queen Mary, a monarch best known for the executions of Protestants that led to her posthumous sobriquet "Bloody Mary". To mark the anniversary, we've tracked down the capital's most notorious public execution sites.

1. Smithfield

Many of the Marian Martyrs, protestants executed under Queen Mary, met their demise at the Elms at Smithfield. St Bartholomew's Hospital features a plaque to commemorate several of them.

It was also the site of William Wallace's execution. It happened much like in the movie, Braveheart (hung, drawn and quartered), though there is no evidence to support the blood curdling cry of "Freedom!" Wallace's head was tarred and put on display atop London Bridge; his limbs placed (separately) in Perth, Stirling, Berwick and Newcastle, and a left quarter sent to Aberdeen (it's said to be entombed in the walls of St Machar's Cathedral). A memorial to the Scot can be seen outside St Bartholomew's.

Others killed at Smithfield include Wat Tyler (cut down by the Mayor of London), John Badby (burned in a barrel) and Richard Rouse (boiled to death).

* The world's most gruesome history quiz

2. Tyburn

Tyburn was synonymous with public executions for almost 600 years. A mere village in 1196, when the first took place there, the site is now close to Marble Arch, one of central London's busiest corners.

A stone memorial can be seen on the pavement marking the spot where the Tyburn Tree, its distinctive three-sided gallows, once stood. Oliver Cromwell's exhumed body was, symbolically, hanged at Tyburn in 1661.

3. Newgate Prison

In use for more than 700 years - from 1188 to 1902 - and the site of London's gallows after Tyburn was retired from duty in 1783. The executions took place in public - with the gallows set up on Newgate Street - until 1868.

* London attractions you never knew were there

The prison, whose former inmates include Casanova, William Kidd and Daniel Defoe - was demolished in 1904. The Old Bailey occupies the main site, but head to the church of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate to see the old jail's execution bell, Amen Court, which is home to a surviving wall, or The Viaduct Tavern, where five former cells of a neighbouring lock-up are visible in the basement.

4. The Tower and Tower Hill

Just a handful of prisoners were actually executed inside the grounds of the Tower. They include Anne Boleyn, Lady Jane Grey and Robert Devereux, all of whom were given the chop on Tower Green - a memorial marks the spot (though there is now doubt that this is actually the exact site of the executions).

* The world's scariest places

Far more met their demise on Tower Hill, in full gaze of the public, including Thomas Cromwell and Sir Thomas More. Today, the site of the scaffold is laid out as a memorial garden. The Hung Drawn & Quartered pub, on Great Tower St, would make a suitable spot for last orders.

5. Lincoln's Inn Fields

London's largest public square has played host to a clutch of gruesome endings. Among them was Lord William Russell, convicted of plotting to kill Charles II. Jack Ketch, somewhat notorious for his lack of skill with the executioner's axe, was given the job. The first blow led Russell to cry: "You dog, did I give you 10 guineas to use me so inhumanely?" - three further swipes were needed to dismember him. Ketch repeated the trick with the beheading of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (at Tower Hill), when it took him five chops to remove the head.

Another grisly execution at Lincoln's Inn Fields was that of Anthony Babington for conspiring with Mary, Queen of Scots. The full sentence was as follows: "From (the Tower of London) you shall be drawn on a hurdle through the open streets to the place of execution, there to be hanged and cut down alive, and your body shall be opened, your heart and bowels plucked out, and your privy members cut off and thrown into the fire before your eyes. Then your head to be stricken off from your body, and your body shall be divided into four quarters, to be disposed of at (the Queen's) pleasure." Legend has it Babington was still conscious when his "privy members" were being toasted.

* London's best unusual museums

A bandstand occupies the site of the executions. Afterwards, head to Sir John Soane's museum, filled with curiosities. It holds candlelit evening openings each month.

6. Execution Dock

For more than 400 years pirates, smugglers and mutineers sentenced to death by Admiralty courts swung at this scaffold on the banks of the Thames at Wapping. Most were brought from Marshalsea, a prison in Southwark (on what is now Borough High Street - look out for a plaque on the prison's last remaining wall). The execution procession took them over London Bridge and past the Tower, with a stop at a public house, for a final quart of ale, customary.

Until the end of the 18th century, the bodies of pirates were often left on the noose until at least three tides has washed over their heads. Others were displayed at Cuckold's Point, on the Rotherhithe peninsula, or Blackwall Point, on the Greenwich peninsula, as a warning to others.

Perhaps the most famous execution here was that of Captain Kidd in 1701. A riverside pub is now named in his honour, while a replica of the gallows can be seen outside a second (The Prospect of Whitby).

7. St Paul's Churchyard

Just a handful have been executed in the shadow of London's finest cathedral, including Henry Garnet, convicted of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot. Though sentenced to be hung, drawn and quartered, sympathetic onlookers reportedly pulled on the priest's legs to end the ordeal early.

The exact spot of the execution is not known. Get your fix of the macabre by inspecting the final resting places of Nelson, Wellington, Wren et al in the cathedral and its crypt.

8. Banqueting House

Charles I lost his head on a temporary gallows erected outside Banqueting House on Whitehall. A bust of the former king marks the spot. Banqueting House, the only surviving part of the Palace of Whitehall, can be visited for a shade more than a fiver.

Refresh yourself at The Old Shades - a characterful little Victorian pub clad in wood and with real ales behind the bar, it features in our Monopoly pub crawl.

9. Charing Cross

Site of the final Eleanor Cross, inexplicably torn down in the 17th century (before the Victorians built the replica), this spot traditionally marks the centre of London and was once the location for all manner of public brutality. Alongside the statue of Charles I once stood a pillory, where ne'er-do-wells were flogged. Executions also took place, including those of several of the regicides of the beheaded king. Samuel Pepys, the diarist, recalls the carnival atmosphere that the square once had, with street entertainers and numerous taverns (such as the Golden Cross, with features in David Copperfield and The Pickwick Papers) attracting a boisterous crowd.

10. Old Palace Yard

The grounds in front of the Palace of Westminster was where Guy Fawkes met his end in 1606 - symbolically, opposite the building he had tried to destroy.

Sir Walter Raleigh joined him 12 years later, and took it with aplomb, his final words being a somewhat impatient: "Strike, man, strike!"

11. Kennington Common

South London's equivalent to Tyburn were the Surrey Gallows, which stood on the site of St Mark's Church, close to Oval underground station. Records suggest at least 129 men and 12 women were sent to meet their maker here, including a number of Jacobites and highway robbers.

For a remarkably detailed record of public executions in Britain, see www.capitalpunishmentuk.org

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London's 11 most notorious public execution sites

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It's exactly 500 years since the birth of Queen Mary, a monarch best known for the executions of Protestants that led to her posthumous sobriquet "Bloody Mary". To mark the anniversary, we've tracked down the capital's most notorious public execution sites. Many of the Marian Martyrs, protestants executed under Queen Mary, met their demise at the Elms at Smithfield.

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Read this to help you come up with some ideas for your creative story as part of your homework project.

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by Marie Higgins

When I start to write a new story, I flesh out my characters to see what makes them tick. In my latest story, my heroine had a terrible past. She was told at a young age while she was in school that her family had died in a house fire. The man who told her this devastating news then ruined her life by selling her to the villain - Richard Macgregor who taught orphans how to pick-pocket. These orphans ranged from seven or eight years of age to sixteen or seventeen. He controlled them and they were afraid of making him upset because he'd whip them.

This is what I decided to research for my story "The Sweetest Touch", a Regency Romance. I was appalled at what I discovered. We all know there were several different social classes. The higher class of people had the money to send their children to school to receive an education. However, the children from the working class didn't have this luxury. If a family could not afford to put their children in school, the children had to find jobs to help the support the family. It was not uncommon to expect children to work along side their mothers, often in textiles, mills, or factories. In 1788, two-thirds of those who worked in factories were children who worked 13 hour days - six days a week! (And we think we have it bad!) Most employers liked hiring women and children because they didn't have to pay them as much.

The Industrial Revolution became notorious for employing children in factories and mines and as chimney sweeps. In fact...did you know that Charles Dickens worked at the age of twelve in a blacking factory because his family was in debtors' prison?

Orphans weren't as lucky to work in factories, which is why most of them joined gangs and would steal to survive. Oliver Twist (written by Charles Dickens) is the story of an orphaned boy who was in one of these gangs. While writing my story, I wanted my heroine to remember the struggles she had in the ten years she was with Richard Macgregor and the other orphans. There were times while writing this story that I got emotional just thinking about the way of life for these poor waifs. Researching this definitely helped my story!!

I'd like to share with you a part of my story. In the beginning, the readers know my heroine (Louisa) is a pick-pocket. But within a couple pages, she's in an accident and loses her memory. The hero (Trevor) is the one who hit her with his curricle, and feels like he should keep her at his home working as a servant. Soon, she's gets the task of being the hero's children's nursemaid. At this point in the story she still does not remember her past. In this scene, heroine, hero and his children, are walking up the street to a pastry shop.

Trevor glanced at Louisa to ask if she would like a pastry, but she wasn't looking toward the window. She focused on something behind him. Instead of her shy smile he'd watched for the past little while, a suspicious frown tugged on her lips.

Just as he turned to see what bothered her, another person bumped into him, making him stumble. "Forgive me for not seeing-" he began to say, but the vagabond didn't stop.

Louisa gasped and jumped in the stranger's path. As the young lad skirted around to avoid her, Louisa's hand slipped in the boy's pocket quick as a flash. The vagabond pushed her shoulder, aiming his glare right at her, opened his mouth to speak...but then stopped. Wide eyes stared at Louisa for a few seconds, before he sprinted into a run.

Shock washed over Trevor as he witnessed the scene. Her movement was so quick-so precise-he wondered if he'd actually seen what he had.

Louisa stood still, staring at the object in her hand. Her face void of color.

"What in heaven's name-" Trevor snapped, but then noticed what she held out to him. My pocket watch? He dug inside his pocket-the same place he always kept his watch-but it wasn't there. Words choked in his throat. The thief.

"Your Grace," Louisa said in a shaky voice. "I could not allow him to steal from you." She handed him the watch.

Still in shock, he shook his head. "How did you know he was stealing from me?"

"I..." She turned her head and stared at the direction the lad had run. "I saw him take your watch, and I knew I had to get it back."

"But, Louisa," Trevor stepped closer. "You took my watch right out of his pocket and he didn't even notice."

She gave a faint, emotionless chuckle. "I know."

"How..." Trevor shook his head. Her wide eyes and colorless face told him this had been a mystery to her as well.

"Well," he said, expelling his breath, "shall we venture into the shop and get some pastries for our drive home?"

Nodding, she folded her shaking arms. "Yes. That is a splendid idea." She hurried to the twins and held their hand.

Trevor opened the door for the three before entering the shop. His mind whirled with unanswered questions but more with the fear that he knew what the answers were all along. By Louisa's quick actions as she retrieved his watch, Trevor now realized what her past had been. The realization left a bitter taste to his mouth that no pastry would be able to remove.

"The Sweetest Touch" book #2 in my Regency Romance series.

Marie Higgins is a multi-published author of romance; from refined bad-boy heroes who makes your heart melt to the feisty heroines who somehow manage to love them regardless of their faults. Visit her website / blog to discover more about her - http://mariehiggins84302.blogspot.com

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by Marie Higgins When I start to write a new story, I flesh out my characters to see what makes them tick. In my latest story, my heroine had a terrible past. She was told at a young age while she was in school that her family had died in a house fire.

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they like boys and they like bbc men