# data[].attributes.body
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-8sIhtZ-mPxxvy5NwHnW9_qotx5fwQW1CdMfkeUoaX8/edit

# data[].attributes.headline
Theme 5:  Transportation (Garrett Hicks)

# data[].attributes.subject
Theme 5:  Transportation (Garrett Hicks)

# data[].attributes.body
The Apaches travel on foot, until they found horses.  They basically walked everywhere.  When they found horses, they learned to ride them.  After that, they could walk or ride from place to place.  They used to live throughout Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and northern Mexico.  Now they live in small reservations in Arizona and New Mexico.  Their land was taken from them, but they were given those reservations to live in.

Apaches either walked or road horses. They were the first Native Americans to learn how to ride them.

# data[].attributes.body
The Apaches would often trade with neighboring Native American tribes. They would trade for the things that they did not specialize in such as food especially fruits and vegetable since they did not farm much. They would often trade away meat from hunting and corn which very few people grew. The Apaches would also trade away goods such as baskets and jewelry.

# data[].attributes.body
Since the Apaches were mainly nomadic, they lived in homes called tepees. They were easy to build and portable. Tepees are like tents.  Tepees are made of wood poles and stretched buffalo skin.  Some Apaches stayed in some place longer than others, so they lived in wickiups. Wickiups are made of are meant to stay for a long time.  Wickiups are made of a wood frame and then covered in bark or grass.  Wickiups were mostly made by the women.

This is a wickiup. They were meant to stay in one place.

# data[].attributes.body
The Apache economy mainly relied on hunting. The warriors would hunt mainly buffalo for their food and pelts. They did not only use these animals but they would also trade the pelts and even other livestock. While the economy was mostly based around hunting there was a small portion of people who farmed. The farming and gathering of natural fruits was left up to the women and the men would hunt.

# data[].attributes.body
The Apache lived in the Southwest region of the United States in states such as Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. These states are in a semi-arid climate zone for the most part, but in the west of this region there is a small desert region. In the far north of some of these states there is part of the Rocky mountains, but also in this region is the grand canyon. This region has elevation in the Rockies, but also low dry land in the desert region and Apaches lived all over.

# data[].attributes.body
When the Apaches hunted buffalo, they would use the skin for clothes. Originally, all of the clothes were made of buckskin. It was usually yellow. During the 1880's, cloth became more popular. Men would wear a buckskin shirt, buckskin pants, boot moccasins, and a cloth headband. In the mid 1800's some would start to wear cloth shirts. Women would wear a poncho-like blouse that was made of buckskin, a buckskin skirt, and boot moccasins. Later, they started to wear clothes made out of cloth. Children would wear a type of buckskin poncho that had a belt sewn into it. This allowed them to be picked up easily.

This is an Apache outfit. It is made of buffalo buckskin.

# data[].attributes.body
The Apaches were nomadic hunters and gatherers.  They mainly lived off of the buffalo.  They would eat the meat and use the skin and fur as clothing.  All of the clothes were handmade.  They would not eat fish, even though they were plentiful.  The reason for this was that fish were considered to be a taboo for Apaches.

This symbolizes how the Apaches couldn't eat fish. They were considered to be a bad thing to eat.

# data[].attributes.body
Oak Flat is a very important site for the Apaches with many significant sites from the past. Oak Flat is in Southeast Arizona at exactly 32°44'44.0"N 109°49'43.7"W

# data[].attributes.body
The Apaches believed that supernatural beings such as their ancestors live among them. Part of this believe was believing that their ancestors took the form of things in nature such as trees, rocks, and the wind. The Apaches would have dances praising their ancestors. Such dances would use a stringed instrument as well as drums and rattles.

# data[].attributes.body
Apache pass was a territory occupied by the Apache. In 1862 however, Union soldiers advancing from the east attacked leading to 66 Apache deaths. Apache pass was located in Southwest Arizona at 32°09'01.6"N 109°24'17.5"W

# data[].attributes.body
Every band of Apache had its own government lead by a chief and a tribal council. The chief from each band was chosen by the tribal council. The council members in these bands played a bigger role than the chief, as the chief mainly mediated with other Apaches. Most Apache tribes that are still around today use this council-centered government.

# data[].attributes.body
The Apaches and the Navajo spoke a similar dialect from a language called Athabaskan.  The Apaches were friendly to most of the surrounding tribes, except for the Ute.  Almost all Native Americans tribes were enemies of the Ute.  The Apaches were nomadic and they almost completely lived off of buffalo that they hunted.  They even used the skins for clothes and and huts.  They were the first Native American tribe to learn how to ride horses.  The Apaches were known as fierce warriors.  They fought against the Americans, Mexicans, and the Spaniards.  At first the Apaches would fight the Ute, but after the Europeans came they ended up constantly fighting the Europeans.  They basically became more war-like.  The region became tense because the Apaches had to be on their guard.

Apaches road alongside buffalo to hunt them. They shot them with their bow and arrows.

# data[].attributes.body
One Apache tripe called the Jicarilla was located along the New Mexico, Colorado border at 36°57'23.1"N 107°00'52.2"W.  This was important because it was a major band of the Apaches.

# data[].attributes.body
The Apaches lived in the southwest.  The main group of Apaches lived in the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, but there was another group of Apaches known as the Plains Apaches who live in what is now Oklahoma.  There area has a lot of deserts and arid mountains.  Now they live in Texas, Oklahoma, and in Arizona  and New Mexico reservations.  The six main tribes that make up the Apache are  the Chiricahua, Jicarillo, Lipan, Mescalero, Western Apache, and Kiowa.  The Apache tribes were friendly with each other and they helped each other.  The Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Mescalero, Chihenne, Lipan Apaches, Western Apache and the Plains Apache tribes formed an alliance and fought in the Apache Wars against the Ute and United States.  The Ute preyed upon nearby tribes such as the Apaches and the Navajo.

This was the land that the Apaches lived on. They have nowhere near as much land now.