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To be given, not taken. If a driver does not follow the rules, be prepared to give right-of-way in order to avoid a collision.

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If waiting to take a left turn, yield right-of-way to any vehicle coming straight through the intersection from direction opposite from you. Turn ONLY if there is no oncoming traffic.

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Be cautious as there are no signs or signals to control traffic. Yield right-of-way to any vehicle entering/approaching the intersection from your right. If road to your right is clear or vehicles are far enough away, proceed cautiously. If vehicle is approaching from the left, you legally have the right-of-way.

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SINGLE/2-LANE ROAD INTERSECTING WITH MULTIPLE LANE ROAD

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SINGLE/2-LANE ROAD INTERSECTING WITH MULTIPLE LANE ROAD

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When driving on single/two-lane road, you must yield to:
-Vehicles traveling on divided street or highway
-Vehicles traveling on roadway with 3+ lanes

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If train is approaching, stop within 50, but no less than 15 feet. Remain stopped until allowed to proceed.

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Regulatory

Warning

Guide

Railroad warning

Construction and maintenance.

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Regulate speed and movement of traffic

Warn of hazards ahead

Guide drivers to destinations by identifying routes

Inform of local regulations

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Federal Highway Administration reports nearly 800 work zone fatalities per year. National estimates are that as many as 100 highway workers are killed each year.

Because road conditions change rapidly, signing needs to be updated often. Be alert to unexpected situations and possibly incorrect signing.

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PAVED ROAD INTERSECTING WITH UNPAVED ROAD

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PAVED ROAD INTERSECTING WITH UNPAVED ROAD

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Right-of-way must be yielded to vehicles on the paved road.

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When entering a road, street or highway from a private road, alley or driveway, yield right-of-way to all approaching vehicles and pedestrians. Stop behind the sidewalk if one is present.

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If you are on the road that ends, you must yield right-of-way to crossing vehicles.

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If on a side road (also known as an access/feeder/frontage road) and trying to merge onto a controlled-access highway, you must yield right-of-way to:
-Vehicles entering/about to enter the road from the highway
-Vehicles about to leave road to enter the highway.

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On a road with 3+ lanes all traveling in the same direction, vehicles in the faster lane should be given right-of-way when merging onto another lane. Vehicles attempting to enter a lane from the right must yield to vehicles attempting to enter the same lane from the left. Any vehicles changing lanes must yield to vehicles already in the lane.

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Right-of-way must be yielded to ALL emergency vehicles, including police, medical and fire vehicles. If emergency vehicle is flashing red lights or sounding a siren,  pull over to the right side of the road and stop.

If traffic is congested and you are unable to move to the right, slow down and leave a path for the emergency vehicle.

If fire truck or ambulance is answering a call or flashing a red light, maintain a distance of at least 500 feet from the emergency vehicle.

If nearing a stopped emergency vehicle with lights flashing, change to a lane further away if possible or slow down to 20 miles below the speed limit. Same for stopped tow trucks with lights flashing.

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Always drive cautiously when you see school buses. If it's flashing red lights, stop even if you are in the lane opposite from the bus. Do not proceed until:
-the red lights stop flashing
-the bus starts moving
-the drivers signals you to proceed.

You do not need to stop for a bus if:
-it is on a different roadway
-a bus is stopped and you are on a controlled-access road
-the area does not allow pedestrians to cross the road

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40% of all motorcycle accidents occur at intersections. 66% of those crashes are caused by a vehicle turning left in front of the motorcyclist.

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Be prepared to yield to pedestrians even if they do not have the right of way. Yield:

if a pedestrian enters a crosswalk at an uncontrolled intersection or in the middle of the block.

if pedestrian has a "WALK" signal at a controlled intersection

if light changes after pedestrian has entered the crosswalk/street

Pedestrians carrying a white cane with red stripes or tips might be visually impaired or handicapped. If vehicle ahead of you yields to a pedestrian, wait in line.

If pedestrians are walking without a sidewalk or on a highway, they should walk on the left side of the road facing traffic. It is a violation of the law to stand in the roadway to solicit a ride.

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It is important to let other drivers know your intentions in order to avoid collisions. Use signals to let them plan ahead for changes in your driving.

Be alert and prepared to react to the signals of other drivers. Be prepared for drivers that won't respond to signals and others who won't signal at all.

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Turning

Changing lanes

Pulling away from a parking space

Stopping

Slowing down

Signal continually for at least 100 feet before making a change in movement or direction.
Turn off signal when done turning, changing lanes, etc.

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You may use either the signal lights on the vehicle or hand/arm signals.

TO SIGNAL LEFT TURN use left turn signal or extend left arm straight out of vehicle window.

TO SIGNAL RIGHT TURN use right turn signal or hold left arm at a 90 degree angle with hand up out of window.

TO SIGNAL SLOWING DOWN OR STOPPING tap brakes gently to flash brake lights or extend arm out window with hand towards the road.

Be sure signal lights are working at all times. If you must use arm signals, be sure they are easily seen by other drivers.

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When driving, always stay on the right side of the road unless

passing another vehicle on a two/three-lane street

driving on a one-way street

right half of the road is blocked

Never drive on the left side of the road if

the pavement markings or road signs prohibit it, usually indicated by a double solid yellow line in the middle of the road and a DO NOT PASS/NO PASSING ZONE sign.

within 100 feet (about 5 car lengths) of an intersection or railroad crossing

within 100 feet of a bridge, viaduct or tunnel

on a hill or curve or driving with limited vision due to surroundings

traveling on a multi-lane road with 2+ lanes going in the same direction

If on a hill behind a slow truck, stay behind it until at the top of the hill.

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Consider the conditions of the road, flow of traffic, and weather conditions.
If visibility is limited, be patient and wait until it is safe to pass.

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1. Keep enough distance between you and the vehicle in front of you so you can see clearly ahead.

2. Signal left then check mirrors to see if vehicles are behind you.

3. Be sure you have enough time and space to overtake the vehicle ahead and return to the right lane before an approaching vehicle comes within 200 feet.

4. When necessary, tap horn or flash lights to alert drivers you are passing.

5. Steer into left lane to pass.

6. Signal right to return to the right lane. But do not return until you are able to see the vehicle you are passing in your rear-view mirror.

7. After completing the pass, turn signal off and resume at original speed.

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In Texas, you may pass on the right only if conditions are met in order to proceed safely. Regardless of the situation, it is ALWAYS illegal to pass on the right by driving off the paved portion of the road or highway.

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It is important to make it as safe and easy for the other driver to pass.

Do not increase speed

Stay in your lane

If possible, move to the right to provide the passing driver visibility ahead.

If you are driving at the speed limit and a driver sounds his horn and starts to pass, slow down and allow him to pass. Don't challenge.

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Drivers may change lanes suddenly without warning.

Avoid driving in the blind spot of another vehicle, either passing the driver or dropping behind. When passing, approach cautiously and get through the blind spot as quickly as possible.

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You must make the decision to turn before reaching the turning point.
Slow to a reasonable speed and give the turn signal at least 100 feet from the corner where you intend to turn.

If you can not get into the proper lane to turn as intended, drive ahead until you can get into the correct lane and turn at another intersection.

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WHEN TURNING RIGHT,

1. look both ways before beginning.

2. Stay as close as possible to the right side of the road.

3. Have both hands on the wheel while making the turn

WHEN TURNING LEFT,

1. look in all directions before turning and yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction

2. Turn only after there is no danger from oncoming traffic.

3. While waiting to turn left, stay to the right of the centerline entering the intersection, and do not angle the car in the direction of the turn.

If turning left from a one-way street into a two-way street, turn left from the left lane.If turning left into a one-way street, enter the street in the left lane.

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Watch for pavement markings and signs that indicate special rules e.g. NO TURN ON RED.
Watch for signs that permit multiple lanes to make the same turn.
Also watch for signs that give special turning or lane info e.g. green arrow traffic lights may control traffic to provide a protected turn.
If there is a green arrow with a red light, you should look both ways before proceeding in the direction of the arrow.

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Some collisions can be the result of an improperly parked vehicle. Know where you can and where you can not park or leave a car.

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Never park, stand or stop a vehicle:

On a sidewalk

In front of a public or private driveway

On a bridge or elevated structure near a highway or within a highway funnel

On or within 50 feet of a railroad track

Within a intersection or within 20 feet of a crosswalk

Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant

within 30 feet of any flashing signal, stop sign, yield sign, or other traffic signals located at side of the roadway

within 20ft of the driveway entrance to a fire station and on the side of the street opposite to the entrance within 75 feet of it

and any place where a sign prohibits parking, stopping or standing, including handicapped parking spaces (Parking in disabled space without proper authorization is a Class C misdemeanor with fines up to $500.)

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If in a business or residential district, never park on the paved part of the highway. Park off the roadway if possible, and if for any reason you are unable to, be sure to leave plenty of room for others to pass. Make sure vehicle can be seen for at least 200 feet. If it is nighttime, use parking lights or hazard lights.

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It is illegal to leave vehicle unattended while engine is running.

Turn off the engine

Lock the ignition

Remove key from ignition

Set parking brake

If parking on hill or incline, you must turn the front wheels to the curb or side of the roadway.

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When parking on hill or sloping driveway, vehicle could possibly slip forward or backwards if brakes fail. If this occurs, you might be held responsible for damages.
To prevent this:

Use parking brake and turn wheels in the proper direction to avoid a runaway vehicle.

When parking uphill, turn wheels away from the curb. Downhill, turn wheels towards the curb. Curb will block the vehicle in case of a brake failure. (Up & Away, Down Towards)

If there is no curb, turn wheels towards edge of the road regardless of uphill or downhill to allow vehicle to ride off the roadway in case of brake failure.

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Be sure to choose space large enough for vehicle. Should be at least 6 inches away from the curb but no more than 18 inches away.

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Be especially careful backing up. Oncoming vehicles can be difficult to see when surrounded by parked cars. In residential areas, there could be children playing.

It's a good idea to walk around the vehicle to inspect any potential dangers before driving. Always look back before and while backing up.

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It's illegal to coast on a downgrade when vehicle is in neutral.

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Always be aware of how fast you're driving. Obey maximum and minimum speed limits.

Unless otherwise posted, basic speed limits in Texas are:

30 mph in urban districts

15 mph in alleys, on beaches and country roads

75 mph on highways numbered by Texas or U.S.

60 mph on highways not numbered by Texas or U.S.

Speed limits for buses vary.

Obey all posted limits. If a sign says 55 mph, you may drive up to 55 mph only in favorable conditions. Slow down based on the condition of the weather, traffic, road, vehicle and driver. Maintain a safe distance from the car ahead of you at all times

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The faster you drive, the greater the distance should be from the vehicle ahead. In general, distance should be about 3 seconds (Three Second Rule).

To test if you are at a safe following distance, choose a stationary object ahead (tree, sign, etc.). When vehicle ahead passes object, count three seconds. If you reach the object before 3 seconds, you're too close. Slow down.

This scenario applies for ideal conditions. In poor conditions, drive 4-6 seconds behind.

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Consider the distance it will take for your vehicle to stop in time in order to avoid a collision with the driver ahead of you.

Thinking Distance - distance traveled while making the decision to stop

Braking Distance - distance traveled from the moment brakes are applied until it fully stops (Vehicle inspection requirements require that a vehicle's brakes must be able to stop a car going 20 mph within 25 feet.

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Due to gravity, vehicle will naturally gain speed while travelling downhill, affecting the ability to stop safely. To slow vehicle, you can shift to a lower gear at the top of the hill, then use brakes as needed.

NEVER coast in neutral gear or drive with foot on the clutch when driving down a steep hill.

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The faster you drive, the longer it takes to stop. The average drivers takes 1.5 seconds to think, react and apply the brakes.

A vehicle going 10 mph would travel 20 feet (including reaction time) before completely stopping.

At 20 mph, a driver would travel 44 feet during reaction time to apply the brakes. Until vehicle completely stops, total distance traveled would be 63 feet.

A child steps out onto the street 65-70 feet ahead of you. To stop before hitting the child,  20 mph is the maximum speed.

A vehicle traveling 50 mph would have a total stopping distance of 229 feet.

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Winter creates additional hazards

Equip vehicle with chains or snow tires.

Maintain a safe interval. Stay further away from vehicle ahead of you in case of emergency stops.

Reduce speed. There is no "safe" speed with which to drive on ice or snow.

Avoid locking brakes on ice as it can cause a loss of steering and control.

Keep windows clear of snow and ice. Make sure windshield wipers and defroster are working properly.

Watch for danger ahead. Ice could be on bridges. Take precautions when turning.

Test speed and brakes. Determine traction.

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Speeding is a factor in 30% of all fatal accidents, costing society $7,300 a second (40.4 billion a year).  13,000 lives are lost each year.

Risks outweigh the benefits of speeding. Speeding gains minimal time, as signs and lights can regulate the flow of traffic. Being pulled over will cost more time.

Slow down to 25 mph in poor weather conditions regardless of speed limit.

55 mph on a two-lane road.
25 in residential areas and near schools. Sometimes 15 when near a school, always 15 when near a school bus.

Edge forward slowly at blind intersections where your view of the surroundings are obscured.

30 mph in business and industrial districts where streets are wider and more open.

A crash at 60 mpg has 4 times the amount of force as a crash at 30 mph. Exponential increase.

Speeding is dangerous and costly. Wastes gas.

Street racing is illegal, with consequences of losing licence for up to 6 months, and 90 days in jail

40 thousand people die in car crashes every year.

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Protect yourself and others from dangers that could cause a collision

Stay alert and look around

Look for trouble developing

Have a plan of action

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Prepare for the unexpected and obey traffic laws.

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Keeping car in your desired path

Be aware of what's happening at least 12 seconds ahead of your car if possible.

Make slight adjustments in turning, and do not oversteer. Use the 9 'o clock 3' o clock postion on the steering wheel. Steer just enough.

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Observe the environment.
Whether the road surface is gravel, blacktop, asphalt, etc. Whether there is a safe shoulder for an escape path.
How many lanes? What kind of traffic and traffic controls? Special hazards?

Each different environment required different methods of driving.

Several hazards in parking lots. Always be aware of other drivers and give them time.

Highways have a high chase of rear-end collisions.

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Never look away for more than one second at a time, as the driving environment is changing constantly and hazards can appear suddenly.

Distractions like phone calls can reduce awareness drastically. Develop an organized pattern of searching and scanning the roads as you drive. Look at vehicle ahead and any signs ahead. Glance at the rear-view mirror every 5 or 10 seconds or whenever changing speed or direction in traffic. Glance to the sides while approaching crossroads and streets.

Left-Right-Left rule, look left then right then left again before proceeding.

Scan 12 seconds ahead for brake lights, signal lights, back-up lights, etc.
Also focus on vehicle panel for

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Let drivers know not only where you are but what you are planning to do. Signal well in advance, use head lights in low-visibilty conditons.
Communicate with eye contact whenever possible.

Anger and fatigue can adversely affect driving.

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Have a defense ready, a plan of action, look out for problems, constantly scanning for trouble should it occur.

IPDE

Identify problems well in advance.

Predict what might happen and expect the worst.

Decide the best course of action

Execute a maneuver that will minimize trouble.

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Be mentally alert and be prepared to give right of way to avoid conflicts and collisions.

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Especially important when sharing road with bicyclists who can move unexpectedly. Be prepared to yield to them in all situations. Though many bike riders disregard traffic laws, they have the same rights and responsibilities as all drivers.

If a bicyclist is at a stop sign, yield the right of way as you would with  a vehicle driver.
Look for oncoming bike traffic.
If turning right, slow down and merge with bike traffic.

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Usually more educated on the rules of the road than bicyclists.

Have all the rights and responsibilities of larger vehicles.
Less visible than other vehicles.

Be prepared to yield to avoid conflict. Be especially careful with motorcyclists who aren't wearing helmets are protective clothing, and who are carrying passengers.

Watch for novice drivers who may swerve, have trouble braking and turning.

Be especially careful making left turns, there could be motorcyclists in your blind spots.

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Take special precautions.

Due to size, trucks can not travel as fast or accelerate as fast as smaller vehicles.
Have larger blind spots and can not maneuver as easily.
Stay out of blind spots of trucks, especially at the rear of the truck.
Keep a greater following distance, as they stop slower.

If truck is turning do not try to pass on the right because they make wide turns.

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More dangerous since visibility is limited.
Reduce speed. Make sure you are able to stop within the distance your headlights illuminate.

When possible, drive mainly in daylight hours.
Never drive while tired or sleepy. If you are drowsy, stop and walk around.

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Must have headlights on 30 minutes after sunset until 30 minutes before sunrise. Also during daytime hours during poor visibility conditions.

Dim headlights
When following another vehicle closely, within 300 feet
Driving on lit roads
Driving in fog, heavy rain, sleet, snow or dust

Use ONLY low-beam lights in bad weather conditions. Allows for better visibility. High-beam headlights can temporarily blind other drivers.

What to do if temporarily blinded? Slow down and avoid looking directly at the light. Shift eyes down to lower right.

If you must park on dark road at night, leave on parking lights. Can also turn on low beam headlights. In emergencys, can also turn on emergency lights.

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Plan beforehand so you know your entrance, direction and exit.

Make sure you and vehicle are in good condition.

If you cannot or do not wish to drive above the minimum speed limit, do not use the freeway.
When entering freeway, must speed up and yield right-of-way to vehicles already on freeway.

To enter, enter the speed change lane, keeping to the right. Turn on left turn signal. When way is clear, increase speed to merge with flow of traffic. After merging, turn off signal.

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Choose the proper lane.
If driving at minimum speed limit or below the normal flow of traffic, use the right-hand lane.
When traveling at speed of traffic or faster, use middle or left lane.
If there are 2+ lanes of traffic, try to leave far left lanes open for faster traffic.

Look twice before changing lanes. Stay in middle of lane and stay at constant speed. Do not weave in and out or change speeds inconsistantly.

Move into proper lane well in advance of exit. Slow down on exit ramp, traveling at lower speed limit.

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Feelings of drowsiness can be brought on by steady sound of wind and monotonous driving. To prevent this, stop and rest regularly (even if feeling well).

Recommended to rest every two hours or every 100 miles.
Keep eyes moving.
Avoid more than 8 hours a day driving.

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Causes hundreds of deaths a year.

Operating vehicle in a manner likely to endanger people or property is considered aggressive driving.

The result of a driver becoming angry and failing to follow the rules of the road. Occurs when driver intentionally uses vehicle or weapon to harm another driver. Can result in injury, property damage or even death.

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Plan trips in advance. Allow extra time in case of vehicle failure or traffic congestion.

If caught in traffic, try to relax with music. Traffic is unavoidable but temporary.

Try not to cut in traffic.

Avoid tailgating. If someone is tailgating you, do not slam on the brakes.

If a driver is attempting to pass you, allow them. Do not intentionally speed up to prevent them from passing.

Do not confront angry drivers or make obscene gestures.

Do not use horn to aggrevate others.

Report aggressive drivers to local authorities.

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If vehicle is skidding, do not hit the brakes. Take foot off of acceleration, turn towards the skid and as you regain control, slowly straighten the wheels.
Check tire treads regularly.

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If brakes fail, vigorously pump brakes to try and get brake action back. If brakes still don't work, shift vehicle into lower gear. Then gently use parking brakes.

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If you run off pavement, do not hit brakes hard as you could skid. Grip steering wheel firmly and take foot of gas pedal. Apply brakes carefully and steer straight. Don't back onto the road until you've regained control.

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Do not slam the brakes. Steer straight ahead, take foot off gas and gently apply brakes.

To change the tire, slowly and safely drive as far off the pavement as possible.

To avoid flat tires and blowouts, check air pressure of tires frequently. Make sure tires are cool.

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If involved in collision, immediately stop at scene of crash or as close as possible without obstructing traffic.
Remain at scene until you:

Give name and address, registration number of vehicle, and name of insurance provider to other driver involved and anyone injured in the collision.

Show driver's licence.

If someone is injured, provide reasonable assistance, including calling for medical assistance.

Failure to aid injured and failure to remain at scene of crash is a second degree felony, punishable with 2 to 20 years in prison and optional fines up to $10,000.

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Do not assume people are not injured just because they claim they are not.
Carefully help anyone who might be hurt and call for skilled help ASAP.
When calling for assistance, tell location of the crash clearly and carefully.
While waiting for help to arrive, keep injured comfortable and stop serious bleeding with thick cloth pads and pressure.

Do not move or lift victim unless absolutely necessary. If victim must be moved, get help and try not to change position they were in.

TEXAS GOOD SAMARITAN ACT
A person who, in good faith, administers emergency care at the scene of an emergency or in hospital is not liable for damages unless the act is willfully or wantonly negligent.
Does not apply to care administered:

in expectation of remuneration (payment)

by person at scene because he or person he represents as an agent was soliciting business or seeking to perform service for remuneration

by person who regularly administers emergency car in hospital or emergency room

by admitting/treating physician associated by the admitting physician of a patient bringing a health-care liability claim.

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Cooperate with emergency personnel responding to emergency situations.
Sometimes they may be positioned precariously in or near the roadway, making them vulnerable to passing cars.
Drive slowly and calmly through area, following instructions of emergency personnel.

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In in a city and involved in collision resulting in injury or death of another person or vehicle can not be driven, immediately notify police.
If collision occurs elsewhere, notify sheriff's department or nearest office of Texas Department of Public Safety.

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If you damage an unattended vehicle, attempt to locate the owner or leaver a written notice giving name, address and signed statement of what happened. Leave this info on the vehicle.

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Pull over to right side of road.
Place car in park.
Set parking brake.
Turn on hazard lights.
Remain in vehicle.
Lower driver's window.
Turn engine off.
Wait for officer's instructions.
Keep both hands in sight on the steering wheel.

Passengers

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Includes perscription
Major contributing factors in serious collisions.

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Includes prescription medicines.

Major contributing factors in serious collisions. Second most common factor.

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Height, weight and emotional state can influence how one is affected by alcohol and drugs.
Affect mental and physical skills needed to safely operate vehicle.

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A depressant that can limit judgement and coordination.
Concentration, perception and reaction time can become impaired.
Emotions may become unstable.

Illegal to consume while operating car. Punishable by fine up to $500. Possession of an open container of alcoholic beverage increases minimum jail term by 6 days for a first offence.

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Weakened abilities to concentrate, perceive distances and make decisions.

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Weakened abilities to concentrate, perceive distances and make decisions

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Heavy amphetamine use can keep a driver awake and active for long stretches of time, but also less coordinated, more edgy and 4 times more likely to crash.

Powerful depressants can make a person sleepy and sedative.

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Many medicines can cause drowsiness. Always read labels and be especially careful with antihistamines, cold preparations and other medications that relax or promote sleepiness.

If taking doctor-prescribed medicine, ask if it's safe to drive.
If you have doubts about a drug or drug mix, ask doctor or pharmacist.

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Practice zero tolerance of alcohol and drugs, especially in a driving setting. Become familiar with the laws and consequences of drug consumption.
Drinking and driving has become one of the most highly regulated legal issues. Know the dangers involved, the societal and legal repercussions.

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Illegal to drive with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08% or higher.

Be aware of the Implied Consent Law when applying for driver's license. You automatically give consent for a breath/blood test if arrested for driving while intoxicated.
Breath test will determine BAC. Blood test can determine presence drugs in system.
If you refuse the test, driver's license may be suspended for 180 days.

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Vary based on offence.

First DWI offence for person 21+, with no injuries, is a Class B misdemeanor. Punishable with fine up to $2,000, jail sentence from 72 hours to 180 days, and license suspension from 90 to 365 days.

Second offence is Class A misdemeanor. Punishable by fine up to $4,000, jail sentence from 30 days to one year, and license suspension from 180 days to 2 years.

Third offence or more is 3rd degree felony. Fine up to $10,000, two to ten year jail sentence, and license suspension between 180 days to 2 years.

If convicted of DWI while transporting a passenger under the age of 15, it's a State Jail felony. Punishable by fine up to $10,00 and jail sentence from 180 days to 2 years.

If you kill someone while DWI, may be charged with intoxication manslaughter, 2nd degree felony, punishable by fine up to $10,000, sentenced from 2 to 20 years, and suspended license for 180 days to 2 years.

If you injure someone while driving under the influence, may be charged with intoxication assault, a 3rd degree felony punishable by fine up to $10,000, 2 to

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In Texas, a minor is anyone under 21. May not purchase, attempt to purchase, lie about age in order to purchase, consume or even possess an alcoholic beverage.

Texas has Zero Tolerance policy for minors who commit offenses under the non-driving alcohol related laws as well as those who drive under the influence.
Even if minor is not intoxicated with a BAC below .08, they can still be convicted of DUI by a Minor, a criminal offense. If a minor has any detectable amount of alcohol in their system, they can be convicted.

A minor between 17 and 21 will receive a $500 fine, be given community service, attend alcohol awareness training and have their license suspended for 120 days when they are charge with their first offense of DUI by a Minor. Will also receive same penalties for being charged with public intoxication. Will have driver license suspended for 1 year if they do not attend the awareness training required by the judge.

Minors are held to the same standards of the Implied Consent Law as adults. Minor may be jailed and held until bond is made or an appearance before a magistrate of juvenile court takes place.

If minor is 17 or older and commited a third offence, will be fined $250-$2,000 or jailed for up to 180 days or both, as well as automatic license suspension.

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Punishment is severe for someone who buys/sells/provides alcohol for minors. Can be fined up to $4,00 and/or jailed for up to 1 year.

Department of Public Safety can suspend a minor's license if they fail a breath or blood test while operating a watercraft.

With few exceptions, it is illegal to have an open container of beer or alcohol in a vehicle. Exceptions are:

passengers in taxis, buses and limos

Motor homes and RVs

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Implied Consent and Zero Tolerance Laws are covered under the Administrative License Revocation (ALR) Law. Department of Public Safety has authority to suspend or revoke a license:
when driver fails

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Regulate traffic flow (the orderly movement of people, vehicles and goods in a safe, efficient and economical manner) Only takes one careless driver to completely disrupt the flow of traffic by running a red light or ignoring the directions of a traffic guard.

Help provide for orderly and safe movement of traffic.

Colors are standardized.

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If traffic light device is vertical, red light is on top. If horizontal, red light is to the left.

When approaching steady red light, you must stop vehicle at stop line, or if there is no stop line, stop before entering the crosswalk or intersection.

Look, then proceed cautiously. If going straight ahead, wait for signal to turn green. Unless prohibited by a sign, you may turn right on red after making a complete stop. Also, unless prohibited, if turning from a one way street onto another one way street, you may also turn left on red after stopping.

When turning, must yield to all pedestrians and traffic.

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Located in middle of traffic light device.
Warning that traffic signal will turn red.

If approaching steady yellow light and you can safely stop before entering the nearest crosswalk at the intersection, you must stop.
If you can not stop safely, proceed cautiously though the intersection before the light changes to red.

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At bottom of traffic device if vertical, or on right if horizontal.

Steady green light allows you to proceed cautiously if it is safe to. Does not guarantee the way is clear. If there is some other sign or signal, obey that.
Always look both ways when approaching and passing through a green signal. Watch for vehicles and pedestrians in the intersection.

Be aware careless drivers may try to race across an intersection to beat a red light. Only after confirming there is no danger is it safe to turn or proceed forward.

When turning left, remember you must yield right-of-way to all approaching traffic.

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Directional arrows to help guide you. Can be yellow, red or green.

Yellow arrow is warning that the arrow is about to turn red.
Red arrow means to stop.
Wait for green arrow before turning at intersection.

Green arrow showing at the same time as a red light means you may proceed in direction of the arrow.

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Similar to a stop sign.
When approaching, required to stop completely before entering the crosswalk or intersection.

Once stopped, go forward after assuring it is safe.
Vehicles on the intersecting roadway may not have to stop.

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Similar to yield sign.
When approaching, slow down and proceed with caution. Check for traffic.

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Drivers must obey all traffic signals except when an officer is directing traffic. They can take precedent in any right-of-way situation.
Must always stop when instructed by officer.

As long as it is safe to, you must obey traffic officers, even if they instruct you to do something usually might be against the law.

When directed to move, just like at a green light, scan surroundings before proceeding. Ensure there aren't any dangers the officer can't see.

In the event that traffic signals are not operating and there are no traffic officers directing, drivers should stop and proceed as if it's a four-way stop intersection.

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Red- stop, yield or that an action is prohibited

Yellow- general warning, such as curb ahead

Orange- alerts of construction or detours

Green- direction or guide, like on freeways

White with black lettering- regulation or rule, such as speed limit

Black- regulation

Blue - motorist service such as rest area

Brown- public recreation or items of cultural interest such as state parks

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Octogon- exclusively for stop signs. Bring vehicle to complete stop.

Equilateral triangle- exclusively for yield sign.

Verticle rectangle- usually give instructions and info like speed limits.

Pennant (long sideways triangle)- advance warning of no passing zones (don't pass up other vehicles.

Pentagon- near school or school crossing, watch for children and prepare to stop suddenly

Diamond- exclusively warns of existing or possible hazards on roadways or adjacent areas. usually yellow, orange in construction areas

Round- always an advanced warning about railroad crossing. look for train.

Horizontal rectangle- generally guide signs on roads and highways (color-coded and other misc. shapes)

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Give instructions and info.

Traffic laws that drivers are required to obey.

Usually square or rectangular.

Red, black or white.

Some have  dedicated shapes that aren't used for other signs.

Stop sign is the most common and easily recognized. Come to a complete stop before crosswalk, stop line or intersection.

4-WAY or ALL WAY sign added to stop sign tells driver that all approaching traffic at intersection must stop. For right-of-way, first come, first served, but be prepare to yield to avoid collisions. Of more than one vehicle approaches at the same time, the vehicle furthest right should go first.

Yield sign, which is always a triangle, requires you to slow down or stop if necessary. Be prepare to yield right-of-way.

DO NOT ENTER sign means you can not enter the roadway ahead because it is for one-way traffic traveling towards you.  Be prepared to turn right or left.

WRONG WAY sign warns you are driving the wrong way on one-way street. Pull over, stop and turn around immediately. Be very careful.

DO NOT PASS sign means you are in a no passing zone where you are not allowed to pass other vehicles.

Sign with red circle with slash prohibits something. For example, a red slash-circle over a left arrow prohibits left turns at all intersections the sign is posted.

ONE WAY sign indicates a one-way street intersects with road you are on and you can only turn in the direction of the arrow.

SPEED LIMIT sign has a number indicating maximum speed permitted on the road, day or night.
In school zones, may have a yellow flashing light,  meaning to not exceed posted speed limit when light flashes. Be cautious and look for children.

SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT means stay in right hand lane if driving slower than other vehicles.

EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY means that shoulder of the road should only be used in emergencies, including mechanical breakdowns, tire trouble, vehicle failure or running out of fuel.

FORM ONE LINE LEFT merge left into one lane of traffic.

ROAD CLOSED look for detour or turn around and go back. Road ahead is not open to traffic.

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Alert to conditions immediately ahead, such as road hazards and changes in direction. Occassionally used to give warning of a regulatory sign coming up.

Yellow with black and red lettering/symbols. May be diamond, square or round. School or school crossing is pentagon-shaped. No passing zone is pennant shaped.

RAILROAD warning signs. Exclusively round shaped, with black X and two Rs. Warns that you are a few hundred feet from a railroad crossing. Slow down and be prepared to stop. If there is a train, stop. Never try to beat a train.

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Direct you on roadways. Tell what road you're on and where to go. Also provide information about parks, historical sites, or available roadside services.
Usually square or rectangular and color-coded for their purpose.

White loop 270 sign- on a short state highway in city or urban area.