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Athens military mainly consisted of a large, powerful naval fleet that consisted of over 400 military ships. Although they had a strong navy, they did not have a very powerful army. Athens built walls all around the city as a defense strategy to protect from intruders. At age 18 all males were forced to receive a minimum of two years of military training

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Athenians developed a Jury, and a system of ostracism. Ostracism is a system that got rid of undesirable politicians. Athens was divided into 4 social classes. These classes were from the bottom to top slaves, metics, which were just non-citizen free people. Then it went women, then to male citizens. Athens was a hierarchy, and your social class depended on your birth and gender.

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Athens had an economy that was more focused on trade than agriculture. They also had a currency that consisted of mainly coins called drachmas. Athens became the foremost trading power in the Mediterranean, making them considerably richer than Sparta. In Athens there was little farmland, but a good harbor which lead them to a more trading lifestyle with little agriculture. Athens traded with many different civilizations to get the goods and resources that they needed.

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Athens had a well developed infrastructure. They also excelled in their philosophy, advancements in art, and science in human history. Athenians made large, long walls that protected their city from intruders. Excelled in their navy fleet, they had made over 400 ships. Athenians also made large and complex structures and buildings for government and religious purposes.

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Athens was the main educational, intellectual, and cultural center of Greece. Athens trained people in sciences, arts, and philosophy to prepare them for both periods of peace and periods of war.
Athenian education focused on students physical, mental, and moral qualities. In Athens the state often left parents to educate and train their children. If they did not both male and females would go to school to become educated

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Emphasized their beliefs on education, Athens deeply grew and developed their culture. Athenians had a belief on conquering and ruling as much land as possible. Founded by descendants of Mycenaean. Athenians also often went to theaters where dramas, and plays were performed. Athenians and Spartans both worshiped Greek gods and Greek goddesses. Called non Athenians barbarians, and valued education more than anything else.

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Athens was a civilized democracy which required a little more intelligence than Sparta's Oligarchy, Athens had an elected council of 500 members elected by citizens. People were elected and ruled by upper class white male citizens in Athens. One ruler of Athens was Draco, who made laws with differentiating harsh penalties. Other rulers were Solon, Peisistratus, and Cleisthenes.