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A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue.

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Rosacea (rose-AY-sha) is a common skin disease. It often begins with a tendency to blush or flush more easily than other people. The redness can slowly spread beyond the nose and cheeks to the forehead and chin. Even the ears, chest, and back can be red all the time. Rosacea can cause more than redness.

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Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition caused by an overactive immune system. Symptoms include flaking, inflammation, and thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin. Psoriasis treatments include steroid creams, occlusion, light therapy and oral medications, such as biologics

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Hematomas near the skin result in a large patch of skindiscoloration (typically black and blue) that occurs after trauma to the soft tissue. A bruise develops when small blood vessels beneath the skin rupture and blood leaks into the soft tissue beneath the skin

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Ecchymosis occurs when blood leaks from a broken capillary into surrounding tissue under the skin. This causes discoloration.

As the tissue heals, the area of ecchymosis may change from purple or blackish blue to yellow or green. Ecchymosis will typically take between 1 and 3 weeks to resolve.

Areas of ecchymosis have a different appearance from bruises or hematomas, which are swollen patches that form when blood collects and clots outside of a blood vessel. Hematomas may appear raised, while patches of ecchymosis are flat.

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Bruises (contusions) occur when small blood vessels under the skin tear or rupture, most often from a twist, bump, or fall. Blood leaks into tissues under theskin and causes a black-and-blue colour that often turns purple, red, yellow, and green as the bruiseheals.

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Albinism is a rare group of genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. Albinism is also associated with vision problems. According to the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, about 1 in 18,000 to 20,000 people in the United States have a form ofalbinism.

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Nail biting can be a temporary, relatively nondestructive behavior that is merely a cosmetic concern, but it can also develop into a severe, long-term problem. Onychophagia, or onychophagy, is considered a pathological oral habit and grooming disorder characterized by chronic, seemingly uncontrollable nail biting that is destructive to fingernails and surrounding tissue.

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Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the nail. Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Toenails or fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails to be affected.

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The condition usually affects the big toe. People who have diabetes are at greater risk of complications.

Pain, redness, and swelling can occur at the affected nail.

Lifting or removing the toenail can help. Antibiotics might be needed.

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Alopecia areata, also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. Often it results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological stress may result. People are generally otherwise healthy.

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Hirsutism can result from excess male hormones, called androgens. This may occur with certain medical conditions. It may also be inherited.

Hirsutism results in excessive amounts of stiff and pigmented hair on body areas where men typically grow hair, including the face, chest, and back.

Hirsutism is treated with medications. Hair can also be removed with electrolysis or laser therapy.

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A skin wheal is a patch on the skin that is elevated, discolored, changes shape, and often itches. It can be due to an insect bite, an adverse reaction to something that touched your skin, eczema, or another small puncture wound you experienced. You may have also heard a skin wheal referred to as a 'welt' or a 'hive.'

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Warts are caused by various strains of human papillomaviruses. Different strains may cause warts in different parts of the body. Warts can be spread from one location on the body to another or from person to person by contact with the wart.

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Scaling Skin. Scales occur when the outermost layer of the epidermis becomes dry and flaky and peels. The excess of dead skin cells results in the appearance of scaly skin. Scales can be very thin and fine, as with pityriasis rosea, or thick, as with psoriasis.

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Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition. It appears on the skin in patches of thick, red, scalyskin. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, plaquepsoriasis is the most common form of psoriasis.

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A papule is an area of abnormal skin tissue that is less than 1 centimeter around. A papule has distinct borders, and it can appear in a variety of shapes.Papules are often called skin lesions, which are essentially changes in the color or texture of yourskin. Sometimes, papules cluster together to form a rash.

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Lipoma or dermatofibroma are common causes ofnodules on the skin. ... They are firm mobile cysts, usually skin coloured or yellow/white with a central punctum. They are usually found as a painless lump. The appearance of many nodules under the skincould indicate neurofibromatosis.

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A macule is a flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 centimeter (cm) wide. It doesn't involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin. ... Certain conditions such as vitiligo are characterized by white or lighter macules or patches on the skin.

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Crust is included in this section because it is a type of skin lesion. Study of skin lesions is required as part of many courses in aspects of health and holistic therapies, especially bodywork therapies.purulent exudate - which is a pus-like liquid that has seeped through the walls of intact blood vessels

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A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to the skin around it. Two categories of skin lesions exist: primary and secondary. ... Secondary skin lesions are the result of irritated or manipulated primary skin lesions.

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Sweat gland, either of two types of secretory skin glands occurring only in mammals. The eccrine sweat gland, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, regulates body temperature. When internal temperature rises, the eccrine glands secrete water to the skin surface, where heat is removed by evaporation

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It encourages healthy skin cell production. Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are important to cell production and growth. Vitamin A also stimulates fibroblasts—the cells responsible for developing tissue that keeps skin firm and healthy—in the deep layers of your skin.

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Collagen is the most plentiful protein in the skin, making up 75-80% of your skin. ... Keratin: Keratin is the main protein in your skin, and makes up hair, nails, and the surface layer of the skin. Keratin is what forms the rigidity of your skinand helps with the barrier protection that your skin offers.

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In its active form as calcitriol, vitamin D contributes toskin cell growth, repair, and metabolism. It optimizes theskin's immune system and helps destroy free radicals that can cause premature aging. While the body can producevitamin D on its own through sun exposure, too much sun accelerates skin aging.

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Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, and gives structure to your skin, bones, muscles, and all other connective tissue. Your body produces less of it as you get older, which results in fine lines and wrinkles. Taking collagen orally can improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and increase skin moisture. Collagen peptides have other benefits including strengthening joints, improving sleep, and accelerating weight loss.

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In arthropods, the hypodermis is an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants. The hypodermis is beneath dermis which is beneath epidermis. It is used mainly for fat storage.

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Dermis, also called corium, the thicker, deeper layer of the skin underlying the epidermis and made up of connective tissue. It is present in varying degrees of development among various vertebrate groups, being relatively thin and simple in aquatic animals and progressively thicker and more complex in terrestrial species.

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Epidermis, in zoology, protective outermost portion of the skin. There are two layers of epidermis, the living basal layer, which is next to the dermis, and the external stratum corneum, or horny layer, which is composed of dead, keratin-filled cells that have migrated outward from the basal layer. The melanocytes, responsible for skin colour, are found in the basal cells. The epidermis has no blood supply and depends on diffusion from the dermal cells for its metabolic needs.