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Tetanus is an infection caused by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani. Spores of tetanus bacteria are everywhere in the environment. C. tetani is a slender, gram-positive, anaerobic rod that may develop a terminal spore, giving it a drumstick appearance. The organism is sensitive to heat and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

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Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called clostridium tetani. When the bacteria invades the body. they produce a poison (toxin) that causes painful muscle contractions. Another name for tetanus is "lockjaw"

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The incubation period is usually between 3 and 21 days (average 10 days), although it may range from one day to several months, depending on the kind of wound. Most cases occur within 14 days. In general, shorter incubation periods are seen with more heavily contaminated wounds, more serious disease, and a worse outcome (prognosis).

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Immunization includes a series of four doses of DTaP vaccine before two tears of age, followed by a booster dose at 4 to 6 years of age. After that, a booster (DTaP) is recommended at 11 to 12 years of age, followed by a tetanus and diphtheria booster every 10 years through adulthood

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Laryngospasm

Broken bones

Pulmonary embolism

Pneumonia

Breathing difficulty

About 2 out of every 10 cases are fatal

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Tetanus is not spread from person to person. The bacteria is usually found in soil, dust, and manure and the enters the body through breaks in the skin- usually cuts or puncture wounds caused by contaminated objects

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The tetanus vaccine introduction was in 1924 and the introduction of the DTaP vaccine was in 1949.  Tetanus first became a reportable disease in the late 1940s. At that time, there were 500–600 cases reported per year.  After the introduction of the tetanus vaccine in the mid-1940s, reported cases of tetanus dropped steadily. From 2001 through 2016 an average of 29 cases were reported per year. Almost all cases of tetanus are in people who have never been vaccinated, or who completed their childhood series, but did not have a booster dose in the preceding 10 years.

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The country with the most cases of tetanus in babies was Pakistan with 478 babies infected. The country with the most cases of tetanus for every age was India with 4'946 people infected

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Begin to show 7-10 days after infection: they include

fast heart rate

headache

seizures

fever and sweating

changes in blood pressure

trouble swallowing

jaw cramps

muscle spasms/ stiffness