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Key words:  Infrastructure, Demand, Barriers
Summary: This article focuses most on the barrier that is formed for EV adoption by the lack of charging infrastructure. The authors begin their selection by outlining that the three major problems that individuals who are thinking about buying EVs run into are the price, the charging range, and the lack of someplace to charge their vehicle. They then go on to address that prices of EVs are consistently decreasing and the ranges are growing at the same rate. Meaning that one of the most important issues arising is this lack of charging infrastructure. Much like how you can drive down the road and see numerous gas stations, potential electric car buyers are scared that they might not be able to charge their vehicle when they need to since there are not anywhere near as many charging stations. Another point that is made is that EV charging is much more versatile than pumping gas. The only place for you to refuel your conventional car is at a gas station however as infrastructure becomes more prominent you will be able to charge an EV at home, at work, in public places, and alongside highways.  Eliminating the fear of "running out of fuel".

Opinion: Overall this source was a great insight into what kind of charging will be available and the studies they included do a lot of analysis on the patterns of charging that current EV owners follow. The information that they presented is very crucial to the future in this industry, and targets one of the most up and coming problems that we will face.

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Ryu, Monica. “Accelerating Electrification: Critical Steps Toward Electric Vehicle Mass Adoption | L.E.K. Consulting.” L.E.K., 4 June 2018, www.lek.com/insights/critical-steps-toward-electric-vehicle-adoption.

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Ryu, Monica. “Accelerating Electrification: Critical Steps Toward Electric Vehicle Mass Adoption | L.E.K. Consulting.” L.E.K., 4 June 2018, www.lek.com/insights/critical-steps-toward-electric-vehicle-adoption.

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Key Words:  Mass Adoption, Critical Steps, Electric vehicles
Summary:  This source compiled a lot of data behind what it will take for mass adoption of electric vehicles.  One of the best components about this source are the dynamic graphs that they provide for a number of topics in the article.  Such as EV market shares of new passenger car sales, changes in the EV market share/number of charging stations, and battery range by average daily kms driven.  The even cooler thing about these graphs is that unlike many of my other sources, this source includes multiple countries around the world and compares them all.  Whereas many of the previous sources I had found were solely United States studies. Overall what I pulled from the article was that according to L.E.K. EV adoption will rely heavily not only on large investments into public charging infrastructure but it will also boil down to cost competitiveness.

Opinion: I really liked this source overall. It was a much more recent addition than some of the other sources I had found they talked a lot about the actual adoption rates of EVs which is very beneficial for my own project. This article does a great job of breaking down the critical components of what they think must be done for full EV adoption. I also liked that many of the headings in this article are posed in the form of a question because it allows me as a reader to formulate my own answer and then read what this group of professionals believes.

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Matulka, Rebecca. “Top 10 Things You Didn't Know About Electric Vehicles.” Department of Energy, 30 Nov. 2012, www.energy.gov/articles/top-10-things-you-didn-t-know-about-electric-vehicles.

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Matulka, Rebecca. “Top 10 Things You Didn't Know About Electric Vehicles.” Department of Energy, 30 Nov. 2012, www.energy.gov/articles/top-10-things-you-didn-t-know-about-electric-vehicles.

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Key words:  Research, Future, EV
Summary:  In this article Matulka hits 10 key points about EV's that were very informative about the growth of EV's.  However this Article is a little outdated and some of the statistics have changed this provides a good amount of new information such as the number of miles an average commuter drives a day.  Some of the facts stated I have seen from other sources such as 80 percent of energy is directly transferred into power, whereas a conventional car only converts 14-26% of energy into power.  I was able to connect the topics from this article to the main idea of my paper, such as the decreasing cost of batteries.

Opinion: In my opinion I did not gather a lot of new information from this source, but I liked that I was able to pull out some direct important facts from this article. It was a good source for me to use to organize my ideas because many of the points that Matulka made fell in line with the information I had gathered from my other sources.

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Citation: Reed, Mary. “Electric Cars Vs. Gas Cars: Comparing Maintenance & Battery Costs.” EZ-EV, 26 Mar. 2018, ez-ev.com/tips/electric-cars-vs-gas-maintenance-battery-cost.

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Citation: Reed, Mary. “Electric Cars Vs. Gas Cars: Comparing Maintenance & Battery Costs.” EZ-EV, 26 Mar. 2018, ez-ev.com/tips/electric-cars-vs-gas-maintenance-battery-cost.

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Key Words: Maintenance, Comparing, Costs

Summary:  In this article Mary Reed compares the costs of maintenance between electric and conventional gasoline powered vehicles.  She describes that the money saved from not having to fill an EV with gas is where the major price difference comes from.  However, the overall maintenance of electric cars are much lower because they are not as complex as conventional cars.  The main idea is that an EV has less than a dozen moving parts while an internal combustion motor might have more than several hundred moving parts. Making the chance of error much lower in an electric drivetrain.  You will never need an oil change, replace your spark plugs, or emissions check.  There is no exhaust, no pistons, no transmission and etc, eliminating many of the problems that gas cars run into most frequently.  This article also highlights some of the key components of electric cars that are beneficial such as regenerative braking, which is the utilization of the friction from the brakes to charge the battery used for driving.

Opinion: I was very happy that I found this source because it gave a much deeper analysis to the mechanical differences between conventional vehicles and electrical vehicles. It was quite clear the more I read that this article was biased, however many of the points that they brought up were completely valid and very surprising. The benefits of electric vehicles definitely outnumbered those of a conventional car.

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Citation: Destler, Bill. “Why Electric Cars Are Our Future.” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 1 Dec. 2012, www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-destler/electric-cars_b_1929481.html.

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Citation: Destler, Bill. “Why Electric Cars Are Our Future.” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 1 Dec. 2012, www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-destler/electric-cars_b_1929481.html.

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Key Words:  Future, 50 Years, Electric Drivetrains

Summary: This article by Drestler was published in the renowned huffington post newspaper. In this article Destler outlines very specific topics relating to why electric vehicles are something we have to introduce into the future and inevitably will. The first topic of many he introduces is that EVs are inherently better at turning energy into miles. He also describes their lessened environmental impact, their ability to be given energy through many sources some of which are renewable, the massive electrical system that is already in place throughout the U.S.

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Citation:  DePriest, Dale. “How Many Electric Cars Are There in the USA?” Nanalyze, 8 Oct. 2018, www.nanalyze.com/2017/03/electric-cars-usa/.

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Citation:  DePriest, Dale. “How Many Electric Cars Are There in the USA?” Nanalyze, 8 Oct. 2018, www.nanalyze.com/2017/03/electric-cars-usa/.

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Key Words:  Electric Cars, Explosive Growth, USA

Summary: This source is perfect for analyzing the amount of growth of EVs in the United States.  This specific source provides an annual report of EV purchases and what that growth looks like from year to year. The author also does a great job of displaying the information in comprehendible and interesting way, drawing comparisons from EV statistics and general automotive statistics.

Opinion: This information is extremely useful in understanding the changes happening to the EV market in America. It provides a comprehensive analysis of what models of EVs are most popular/efficient an why.

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Citation:  Governing, Jeffrey. “Vehicle Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map.” Governing Magazine: State and Local Government News for America's Leaders, Governing, 2017, www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html.

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Citation:  Governing, Jeffrey. “Vehicle Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map.” Governing Magazine: State and Local Government News for America's Leaders, Governing, 2017, www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html.

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Key Words: Ownership,  U.S.,  Data

Summary: This source is extremely informative.  In this article Governing has provided a very descriptive overview of vehicle ownership in the United States.  They give overreaching data about where the most cars are, how many there are, and what they are.  This information is extremely helpful to my topic because it can be used to reference the immense size of the automobile market.

Opinion: My opinion of this article is that it is a great contribution of data for my topic. It will allow me to analyze which cities are going to be the most necessary to make the switch. It will also help me explain which parts of our country will be most effected by the change.

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Key words:  Future, EV, 2050

Summary:  In this article, Rissman discusses many more projections for the growth of the EV market.  He states that progressive policies and the availability of cheaper batteries/materials will lead to a huge spike in EV usage and production.  He also estimated that in 2050, 65%-75% of all vehicles on the road will be driven by an all electric battery.  Rissman also elaborates on energy usage and how transportation plays a huge role in the consumption of fossil fuels.  He even provides statistics to the inefficiency of petroleum powered vehicles, how only 17%-21% of the chemical energy produced by burning fuel is harnessed in a vehicle.

Opinion:  I believe that this article just reiterates the rise of EVs.  It outlines the issues with our energy consumption at the moment, and helps provide groundwork for what we must do to further the industry.  I think that everyone should be given the information in this article so they can see for themselves why our future has to be in EVs.

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Citation: Leahy, Stephen. “Electric Cars May Rule the World's Roads by 2040.” National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 22 Sept. 2017, news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/09/electric-cars-replace-gasoline-engines-2040/.

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Citation: Leahy, Stephen. “Electric Cars May Rule the World's Roads by 2040.” National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 22 Sept. 2017, news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/09/electric-cars-replace-gasoline-engines-2040/.

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Key words: 2040, Gasoline Powered, EV

Summary:  In this article the author discusses the two projections being made about the adoption of EVs.  Leahy says that there is the "Fast-adoption scenario" and the opposite slow-adoption scenario.  Researchers have been making estimates for years on whether or not the implementation of EVs would be quick or slow and have recently picked up a more aggressive projection that previous years.  Much like the disappearance of the horse and buggy, research supports the swift switch from gasoline powered cars to fully electric vehicles.

Opinion: I think that it is great that many of the projections being made recently point to the quick implementation of EVs. It's very necessary for this change to be made as quickly as possible, I think the connections that were made by Leahy clearly explain why the "fast-adoption scenario" is the most likely. Many predictions that are made about technology even fall short, such as the 2000 predictions of cell phone sales. Researchers had estimated 900,000 cell phones would be sold in 2000 when in reality that number was 109 Million. No one expected the extremely fast adoption of this technology and I have a feeling that the same will happen with the Electrical vehicle industry.

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Key Words: Experts, Predictions, Electric Vehicle

Summary: In this article the Author gathered 14 experts opinions on the future of electric vehicles. He also gathered many statistics to back up their predictions.  There is a slide show form of the article that does a fantastic job of delivering each individuals predictions in an organized manner.  Many of the opinions are stating that 2018 is a big year for the EV market and will soon be revolutionary in the development of EV.   Many of the contributors also touch on the fact that technology has advanced tremendously in this field.

Opinion:  My opinion about this article is that many analysts all say the same thing.  That the change to EVs has to be made, and it must be made soon.  Many of the problems that face this market in the future are trying to be sorted out, and are being addressed by everyone as this industry continues to gain momentum.