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TERM MEANING
Racism Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior.

Institutionalised racism The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture, or ethnic origin.

Multiculturalism The presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Ethnocentricity Ethnocentricity is the belief that your own cultural or ethnic group is superior to that of another.
Sexism

Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex.

Heterosexist Heterosexism is a system of attitudes, bias, and discrimination in favour of opposite-sex sexuality and relationships.

Homophobia Dislike of or prejudice against homosexual people.

Equal opportunity The right to be treated without discrimination, especially on the grounds of one's sex, race, or age.

Equality The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities.

Prejudice Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

Harassment Aggressive pressure or intimidation.

Victimisation The action of singling someone out for cruel or unjust treatment.

Disability A physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.

Direct discrimination Direct discrimination is the legal term that applies if you treat someone less favourably than someone else has been treated because the person belongs to one of the protected groups.

Indirect discrimination Indirect discrimination is when there's a practice, policy or rule which applies to everyone in the same way, but it has a worse effect on some people who belongs to one of the protected groups.

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Equality Act 2010: guidance

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Information and guidance on the Equality Act 2010, including age discrimination and the Public Sector Equality Duty.

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‘Social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes rather than actual personal attributes’

‘A belief about an individual or group based on the idea that all people in a certain group will act the same way’

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Can be hard to define. Examples are:

The nationality of an individual

As having political rights i.e. the right to vote

Being a responsible member of society

Upholding the law

A fully participating member of society

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http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/enacted

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https://www.closethegap.org.uk/content/gap-law-1970/

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Definition of Diversity

The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect.
It means understanding that each individual is unique,
and recognizing our individual differences.  These can be along
the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs,
political beliefs, or other ideologies.  It is the exploration
of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment.
It is about understanding each other and moving beyond
simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the
rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual.

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benefits are:
• being respected,
• making frieeennds,
• a lot of different ethnicities/cultures which brings food, clothing and other things,
• pros pasta,
• different races,
• can explore different religions,
• can explore different cultures,

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Diversity:
Diversity describes both visible and non-visible differences between people for example, there gender, skin colour, hair type, sexuality, religion and disability’s.
Integration:
This is where people of all different faiths and beliefs work together in society and start to add and join the cultures. At a young age kids are integrated with other cultures at school and are taught about different people faiths and beliefs. This tactic cuts out stereotypes early in life as nobody is born racist.
Tolerance:
Tolerance is the willingness of an individual to recognize and respect the cultural values, beliefs and practices of others. People who cannot accept or attempt to understand anybody's different cultures, often turn into a trouble making in their local community. For example, making racist campaigns or comments to people. these people often cause the Public Services a lot of trouble.
Multiculturalism:

This is a merging of different races and cultures within a society.
Rights and responsibilities of individuals:

Everybody in society has rights. however everyone in society has a responsibility to freedom of speech, rights to education, free movement. However, these rights and responsibilities can be taken away if they are found breaking law. However, all citizens must make sure they are involved and are acting appropriate in society.
Equal opportunities:

No matter anybody's age, colour or gender they all have the same chance to the same things for example employment or education. Equality and equal opportunities are based around the ides of fairness and respect to all. For example, everyone can take part in political, social and cultural life in society. Being regardless of their personal traits and characteristics such as their gender, religion, sexuality, race, disability’s and class.

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Basically right a citizen is a functioning member of society and Citizenship is being legally accepted as belonging to a country or ‘nation state

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good citizens must:
• be apart of the community,
• not be anti-social,
• uphold the law,
• be respectful,
• be a responsible member of society,
• be a fully participating member of society,
• be honest,
• be considerate,
• be responsible,
• being accountable,
• being open to others views/opinions (not ride or discriminating),
• freedom,
• integrity,

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https://www.libertyhumanrights.org.uk/human-rights/human-rights-act
The human rights contained within this law are based on the articles of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Act ‘gives further effect’ to rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European Convention. It means:

Judges must read and give effect to other laws in a way which is compatible with Convention rights.

It is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a Convention right.

https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/law-and-courts/civil-rights/human-rights/what-rights-are-protected-under-the-human-rights-act/
In the UK, human rights are protected by the Human Rights Act 1998. The Act gives effect to the human rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights.

In this section you will find information on the different rights protected under the Human Rights Act.
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1975/65

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Diversity - Diversity concerns the “real or perceived differences among people that affect their interactions and relationships.” Diversity takes into account numerous factors, including “race, ethnicity, sex, religion, age, physical and mental ability, sexual orientation.

Racism and Racist- Racism is a belief or a view that a religious group is superior or better then another group. This can also be because of someones skin colour and just treating someone differently because of religion or nationally. Racist is a person who beliefs that there racial group is superior to another religious group. This can negatively influence the act towards a racial group.There are example of attacks in the streets just because of there skin colour and the attackers thing there race is more Superior than the victims.

Sexism- This is discrimination based on someone’s gender. This means that a woman may be treated harsher in the job market then a man would just because they are female. This term is not just for women it also happens to men and to people who are transgender just because of their gender. An example of this would be men making the judgement that women doesn't like playing sports or doing sports.

Homophobia- This is showing a dislike towards individuals who are homosexual this mean that two people of the same sex like each other, such as a man and a man being together is called being gay and a women and a women being together this is called being a lesbian. Homophobia has been linked with attacks and abuse on the streets to the gays and lesbians just because they are not heterosexual.

Equality- This means that people have the same value of each other this means that no human is more imported then another. This also means that all religious groups have the same value and when this is not followed it can create inequality. This is hard to do though as you can't treat a murderer the same as law binding citizen. Equality is about treating people with respect and fairly.

Harassment- This is the unwelcome or unwanted attention from another individual or a group of people. It can range from being called inappropriate names/ being told inappropriate comments about your-self or being touch from that person.  People can be targeted because of their race, religion, gender or an disability. An example of this would be calling someone fat every day at school or college. This will hurt the victims feelings and cause them to do something bad to them such as self harm. Harassment doesn't have to be verbal it can also be physical.

Discrimination- This means treating a person unfairly because of who they are or because they pose different characteristic, such examples of this could be someones ages, race, gender, religion, culture and age.Indirect discrimination this is when someone is being discriminated not because of there race or culture but because of a company rule. An example of this would be a women trying to get a job at a hairdresser's but wasn't allowed because she wore a headscarf. This is indirect as it is a company rule to show off your hair whilst in the building and not because of her belief.  Direct discrimination is when  you're treated differently and worse than someone else for certain reasons such as your age or gender or belief . An example of this could be going to a job interview and the employer stereotyping age.  They may believe that a older and more experienced person would be better at the job then the younger person. Direct discrimination is a criminal offence under the equality act of 2010.

Prejudice- This means that someone holds a negative opinion on a person just based on stereotyping. An example of this would be judging a black person and thinking they are law breaking citizens.They will have no reason and facts to judge someone they just dislike them. An example of this would be if someone starts abusing a homosexual for no reason. If asked why they did it they will not give a reason apart from they don't like the belief that they are gay.

Disability- This is when a person has a physical or mental impairment which has a short term or a long term effect on them. This disability can stop you from doing day to day tasks such as going to work or getting out of bed in the morning. A disability could range from having problem speaking or learning difficulties to mobility problems or deafness. People are disabled from illnesses, conditions and injuries, which do not allow them to function like they should. An example of this would be disabled people getting verbal or physical abuse as they cant' do certain jobs.

Heterosexism- Heterosexist is where you believe that being Heterosexual is correct and how everyone should be. This mean that relationships between the opposite sex’s such as male and female such be the only relationships and they believe that this is the right way. This could be  problem with the public services as gay people may be looked down on and be abused verbally or physically.

Ethnocentricity- This is the belief that one persons culture, nationality or traditions are more superior to another. It is when people judges another religions or culture.  A example of this would be when Hitler was in-charge of Germany in WW2. His beliefs were that if you were a Jew or apart of another religious group other then his Aryan race then anyone else was pointless and had no value to him.