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This Supreme Court case solidified the idea of Jim Crow Segregation by saying that facilities could be separate but equal. This led to a decline in quality of black institutions like schools, but also to a decline in black living conditions throughout the south and north. (Textbook)

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Jim Crow Segregation (1870s to the 1960s) 

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Jim Crow Segregation (1870s to the 1960s) 

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Jim Crow segregation was a type of segregation where blacks were kept separate in every part of life. Southerners supported this idea because it made blacks not equal to them. It allowed southerners to have some control over black lives. (Textbook)

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The ending of the reconstruction efforts in the south by president Grant. He withdrew federal troops from the south and white leaders regained power in the south . Once in office southern leaders were able to undo most of the effects of reconstruction and increased segregation of former slaves. (Textbook)

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The period in time where congress controlled reconstruction efforts in the south. Congress were unhappy with the presidents during this time because they would veto every bill they tried to pass. This led to major efforts from congress to push for equality for all races without the help of the president. (Textbook)

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The time in reconstruction where it was run by the president. Beyond supporting the 13th amendment president Andrew Johnson did little to help former slaves and allowed oppressive developments in southern states to happen by giving them full rights just like any other state. (Textbook)

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The 15th amendment secured the right for all citizens to vote no matter their race or previous servitude.  It was the final amendment that would ensure most of the basic rights of American citizens to former slaves. (Textbook)

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The 14th Amendment stated that all those who were born or naturalized in the United States were citizens and that everyone had equal protection under the law. This defined all citizens as equal under the law.  At the time some states were denying blacks the right to vote which was one of the basic rights of an American citizen. (Textbook)

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On April 14, Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth in Ford's Theater. His death showed the conflict over slavery was not fully over and it would be a struggle to reunite the north and the south. (Textbook)

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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A proclamation that announced that all slaves in the union are free. It did not free any slaves in the union but declared that all slaves in the confederate areas were free. It also made the issue of eliminating slavery a military goal in the war.(Textbook) image source http://civilwardailygazette.com/lincoln-issues-the-emancipation-proclamation/

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Due to the drop in the value of money throughout the south, the Confederacy had major economic problems. They were blocked from trade with the rest of the world by the north and people were unable to buy food for their families. The south was unable to produce sufficient food because of their reliance on cotton production before the war. Massive riots broke out, and stores were raided to get food. (Textbook) image source https://www.theodysseyonline.com/obscure-history-southern-bread-riots-of-the-1860s (also found in textbook)

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An Anti-Black riot in New York due to the Government beginning a military draft and the Emancipation Proclamation. Many people opposed being forced to fight in the army and formed mobs that attacked the draft offices and black citizens in the north. The riot was eventually stopped by the military but it showed that some were tired of the conflict over slavery and just wanted the war to end. (Textbook) image source https://untappedcities.com/2015/07/13/today-in-nyc-history-7-urban-battlefields-from-the-1863-nyc-draft-riots/

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Famous address from President Lincoln that honored the fallen soldiers who fought and died in battles against slavery. The issue of slavery was made a military goal due to the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address tried to continue the support for the war effort. (Textbook) image source http://ap.gilderlehrman.org/period/5 Gettysburg Address

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After the Civil War congress wanted to pass amendments to try and secure rights and freedom for those who used to be slaves. Congress tried to force the amendment on the south by not allowing them to rejoin the union until they
could guarantee that the law would be followed. (Textbook)

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David Wilmot proposed that slavery should not be allowed in any territory acquired from Mexico. This was to respond to the growing anger between northerners who wanted to restrict slavery and those in the south who wanted slavery to expand into the new territories. (Textbook) image source https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/history-timeline--271

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With the help of the United States army the American population in California was able to revolt and win their independence from Mexico. However, their was much controversy and conflict when California wanted to become a state over the issue of slavery in the region. (Textbook) image source https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/1301-timeline-project-8542469a-9168-4f2f-b34d-5cc2d5f1ab9b

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This was a treaty that gave the United States control of Texas, New Mexico, and California. After winning the war against Mexico, with the help of the American population of the region, the U.S. would take control allowing more Americans to move into the newly acquired territories. Later this would lead to the issue of whether to add the states as free or slave states. (Textbook)

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This was an act that created the Kansas and Nebraska territories but left the issue of slavery up to the people of the region. Since it was left up to the people, residents of different states began to move into the territories. The goal was to try and win the states vote for or against slavery.  (Textbook)

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After the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 people rushed into the Kansas territory from the surrounding states, such as Missouri and Illinois, to fight for or against slavery. Conflict escalated until both sides started to kill and terrorize the opposing side to try and control what people would vote for. The conflict wasn't just contained to Kansas and fights spread across the entire country over the issue of slavery.(Textbook) image source http://ap.gilderlehrman.org/period/5 bleeding Kansas

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Texas won the war with the help of the American military and declared their independence from Mexico. The Republic of Texas was made up of mostly Americans with most Mexicans moving back farther south into Mexico. Most in Texas wanted the nation to become part of America but the introduction of a massive slave state scared most in the senate so two nations would remain separate. (Textbook)

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The Treaty ceded Florida and the Spanish parts of Oregon in return for the recognition of the border between Louisiana and Spanish owned Texas. The treaty allowed for American expansion farther west following the ideas of manifest destiny that America should expand across the continent. (Textbook)

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American people began to move into Texas after the Mexican government won its independence from Spain with the promise of land. They refused to follow the Mexican laws however, refusing to free their slaves and convert to Catholicism. The issue of slavery would eventually cause conflict and lead to the American people in Texas wanting to fight for their independence.(Textbook)

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To what extent, and in what ways, did Reconstruction altered relationships between the states and the federal government, and lead to debates over new definitions of citizenship for minority groups (i.e. African Americans and women.)

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To what extent, and in what ways, did Reconstruction altered relationships between the states and the federal government, and lead to debates over new definitions of citizenship for minority groups (i.e. African Americans and women.)

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The federal government gained increasing power over the states during reconstruction. The southern states tried to deny basic rights to those who were former slaves and tried to control them through inequality but up until 1870 most of these efforts were stopped by congress. The issue of citizenship for the minority had to be defined through newly created amendments and eventually expanded to every person no matter race or job.

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How did the growth of mass migration to the United States, the end of slavery and technological, including the railroad, and military developments transform the environment and settlement patterns in the South and the West?

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How did the growth of mass migration to the United States, the end of slavery and technological, including the railroad, and military developments transform the environment and settlement patterns in the South and the West?

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The end of slavery transformed the south into a place of separation and limited equality. This was despite congressional efforts trying to defend rights for blacks throughout the nation

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How did the Civil War struggle shape Americans’ beliefs about equality, democracy, and national destiny? To what extent, and in what ways, did the Civil War transform American political and social relationships?

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How did the Civil War struggle shape Americans’ beliefs about equality, democracy, and national destiny? To what extent, and in what ways, did the Civil War transform American political and social relationships?

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With the north's victory most Americans started to believe in the idea that people of all races were equal and deserved rights. While some in the south resisted the efforts of integrating blacks, some tried to work with the government to gain their place back in the Senate.

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How did the maturing of northern manufacturing and the adherence of the South to an agricultural economy change the national economic system and impact the Civil War? How was the American conflict over slavery part of larger global events?

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How did the maturing of northern manufacturing and the adherence of the South to an agricultural economy change the national economic system and impact the Civil War? How was the American conflict over slavery part of larger global events?

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The southern reliance on cotton as their cash crop lead to problems during the war. There were shortages and as a result made money in the south virtually worthless. Meanwhile the north also had conflicts over the war with people losing support for the cause.

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Why did attempts at compromise before the war fail to prevent the conflict?

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Why did attempts at compromise before the war fail to prevent the conflict?

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The reason that attempts at compromise failed is because neither side wanted to back down and accept less than what they wanted. Southern states feared that the north would try to impose their views of anti-slavery on the south and they wanted the right to secede from union if that happened. They also feared that the introduction of new free states to the union would upset the balance on the issue of slavery in the senate.

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How did migration to the United States and the doctrine of Manifest Destiny change popular ideas of American identity and citizenship, affect territorial expansionism, cause conflict and impact regional and racial identities?

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How did migration to the United States and the doctrine of Manifest Destiny change popular ideas of American identity and citizenship, affect territorial expansionism, cause conflict and impact regional and racial identities?

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The idea of manifest destiny lead to many conflicts and treaties with Mexico and Spain. The treaties were to decide who would own the land to the west in areas like Texas and California. With the treaties, the territories and land that America owned greatly increased allowing America to expand and spread out across the continent.