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Tesla's Musk is Overpromising Again on Self-Driving Cars

Tesla’s Elon Musk is well known for over-promising when the company’s cars and features will be available and how many will be produced. One of the announcements Musk made was that the company would demonstrate a self-driven trip across the U.S. in 2017. Unfortunately for him and Tesla this did not occur in the timespan that was promised.
Many people are worried on how the autopilot of Tesla's self-driving cars work. They wonder if this autopilot system is even safe. Tesla describes its autopilot as a hands-on driver assistance system that is intended to be used only with a fully attentive driver. It does not turn a Tesla into a self-driving car nor does it make a car autonomous. Furthermore, many factors can impact the performance of autopilot, causing the system to be unable to function as intended. These include, but are not limited to: poor visibility (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.), bright light (due to oncoming headlights, direct sunlight, etc.), mud, ice, snow, interference or obstruction by objects mounted onto the vehicle (such as a bike rack), obstruction caused by applying excessive paint or adhesive products (such as wraps, stickers, rubber coating, etc.) onto the vehicle; narrow, high curvature or winding roads, a damaged or misaligned bumper, interference from other equipment that generates ultrasonic waves, extremely hot or cold temperatures.
On the other hand, Tesla is one of a very limited amount of company willing to innovate and take risks. Sure Elon Musk overpromises Tesla's products a lot, but in due time, though almost always late, those promises have come true in the past, and it may well be true for the future and self-driving cars would help people a lot.
Article:
https://www.google.co.id/amp/s/www.forbes.com/sites/chuckjones/2019/10/22/teslas-musk-is-overpromising-again-on-self-driving-cars/amp/

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Ever since Joko Widodo’s presidency, the government keeps increasing the funds allocated to help villages all over the country. The village funds are taken from the country’s national budget.

Village funding helps to better the condition of villages all over the country. It sustains the life of the villages and its inhabitant.

Lately, the ever increasing Village fund started to raise a lot of question from the minister of finance. It is suspected that some of the funds are taken away by local officials.

The development of villages is the responsibility of the country. Every region deserve the same chance and support for development. The village funds is the embodiment of that value. Village funds is an excellent initiatives but it is still imperfect. It needs to be thoroughly checked and monitored, so it may truly be used for the people. Because in the end, a good policy that is misused is still going to harm the country.

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Will 5G be bad for our health?

People around the world have protested the installation of 5G wireless base stations. This is due to their concern with the potential harmful effects the network nodes could have on humans, animals and plants. They point out to the possibility of radio frequency (RF) radiation bringing danger if installed within a close proximity to people and the lack of scientific evidence showing that 5G, specifically the millimeter waves that operate at 30 - 300 GHz are safe. However, despite what people are saying, this is not the case.

Most concerns surrounding 5G’s supposed negative impact on health comes from the fact that its cell towers have such a different architecture. A 5G base station is very small as it can be placed just about anywhere. The benefit from this is that these base stations do not need to transmit as much power compared to cell towers. This renders the arguments about RF radiation redundant as it only happens if the power transmitted is bigger and that is not the case for base stations.

Based on international documents on safe RF exposure limits, non-ionizing radiation is considered safe while only ionizing radiations below 6 GHz are safe. A 5G signal utilizes frequencies between the range of 30 - 300 GHz but the RF is on the non-ionizing radiation spectrum and will not damage DNA or cause cancer. This is because actual impact and depth of penetration by these radiations are less at higher frequencies. Not only that, the human skin is also built to reflect off millimeter waves making 5G signals safe enough.

Even though the majority of researches on 5G signals show a negative result on affecting health, it should still be monitored. Turning a blind eye against any health risk would be unscientific and detrimental. In the mean time, 5G will still be developed but installation of base stations will be delayed regarding the concern from protestors. One thing for sure is that the road to 5G is still long and is nowhere near done.

article source : https://spectrum.ieee.org/news-from-around-ieee/the-institute/ieee-member-news/will-5g-be-bad-for-our-health

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Depression and suicidal thoughts are two of the most frightening things a person can face in their lifetime. Unfortunately, acting on those suicidal thoughts is a far too common scenario for many across the world, including students. In fact, suicide is the second-leading cause of death for those between the ages of 15 and 24.
An overwhelming surge of emotions that never seems to end ,that’s what some who have attempted suicide try to describe to those who ask to understand why they feel the way they do. Those who are contemplating suicide might literally feel as though there is no way out of their situation. They are bombarded with feelings of hopelessness, fear, isolation, hatred toward themselves and so much more. The pain they feel is often immeasurable, to a point where they see no other option than to end their lives.
But many people who have attempted suicide will say that they wanted to live. They really didn’t want to die, the desire to remain with loved ones remained very strong. They simply didn’t see any other options.
What causes such a strong conflict in a person? What leads to that feeling of a dead-end, no-way-out scenario?
There are many reasons that someone might choose suicide or contemplate suicidal thoughts. Those reasons are often so complex and complicated that the person suffering from those feelings might not be able to articulate exactly what is going on in their head and heart. However, long and difficult research has found that the basic motivation for suicide is the feeling of utter despair and hopelessness. How a person reaches that point is what varies from one to another.

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MAN SELLS TICKETS TO HEAVEN IN SOUTH SULAWESI

Indonesia is a large country with many people in it. With many differences on life aspect, people in Indonesia is very various in a so many way. For example, in a way reading certain cases.   Cases like religion and tribe are cases that many people can be easily tricked and get their argument ‘blindfolded’ by certain group. That’s why we think that people in Indonesia are still argueably dumb and easily get fooled.

For example, case like man who sells ticket to heaven in South Sulawesi.  A man who's called Puang Lalang is the one who sells ticket to heaven. He did this by spreading his false doctrine, like he can give salvation to people by expanding someone's life up to 15 years, so people believe in him and buy the heaven ticket from him. By looking at this case, we can see easily that indonesians are easily tricked and fooled by something that's clearly nonsense.

we must aware with this condition, we can’t act like this nothing and just passing by this incident. we take responsibility to our new generation, what if our new generation full of people that easily fool by something non sense? Of course we dont want that happen, that’s terrible. So what we can do is make a preparation for future, straighten again to people what is the truth of religion, and trying to reduce false information spread.

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Brexit is the June 23, 2016, referendum where the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union.

On March 29, 2017, former U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May submitted the Article 50 withdrawal notification to the EU. It gave the U.K. and EU until March 29, 2019, to negotiate an agreement. The EU has extended a various deadline.

Here's the effect caused by Brexit Referendum.

First, a vote by a Member State to leave, is an immense shock to the Union’s self-image, global standing and sense of durability of the European project.

Second, it also places a further burden on the EU institutions and the Member States, struggling with the Euro crisis, migration flows, ISIS and Russian aggression.

Third, while we do not know the shape of any EU-UK deal, the EU has potentially lost its most economically liberal member. The effect of Brexit here is likely to result in slower development of the single market.

So Here's the summary we've got so far from these Brexit Referendum events.

Leave with no deal, known as "no-deal Brexit." New PM Boris Johnson and his supporters favor this outcome. But without a trade agreement, ports would be blocked and airlines grounded. In no time, imported food and drugs would run short. Johnson warned companies to prepare for this outcome.

Vote again on Brexit. Polls show the U.K. would reject Brexit if the referendum were held. There were arguements that voters did not understand the economic hardships that Brexit would impose. No other EU body is needed to approve the withdrawal.

Approve May's deal or one similar to it. The U.K. doesn't have the economic clout to negotiate a better one.

Here's our opinion.
Apparently if we talked about Brexit Referendums and Deals, there were a lot of Pro and Cons about these issues and event. Especially these issues had a Massive impact to both EU and UK. Are we Agree or Disagree? As someone living in the third-world country and Asians, we Agree that Brexit would happen and make such a good independent country with leaving the EU as Indonesia used to leave back in time with the United Nations. But, we do wish a good Future ahead to United Kingdom as Indonesia and British quite friendly in many major fields.

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After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will define their future relationship, which comes into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December.

It has. The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - its nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020.

However, both sides agreed to keep many things the same until 31 December 2020, to allow enough time to agree to the terms of a new trade deal.

It was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December.

The deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together.

While the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded.

Under the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. You can read more detail on other aspects of the deal, including more on travel, fishing, and financial services, here.

Freedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period.

Northern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK.

Now that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand - countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU.

There may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern.

"This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years," according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium.

The UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays and backlogs at ports like Dover.

The government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads.

It's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some "bumpy moments".

Sadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the agreement on fishing only lasts five years.

Also while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute, which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the future.

Expect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations.

What Brexit words mean

The last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean:

Transition period: The 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal.

Free trade: Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods crossing borders.

Level playing field: A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing field measures.

Tariff: A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders.

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Brexit: What you need to know about the UK leaving the EU

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The UK and EU begin a new relationship on 1 January 2021.

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E-sport or electronic sport is a new branch of sport that use game to compete with each other. But, not many people accept e-sport as the branch of sport. They say that e-sport and gaming is same and it doesn't count as a sport. However, I think e-sport is acceptable as a sport and here's my argument.

Lots of people mistook gaming and e-sports as one of the same, when the fact is, it’s two very different things. The major difference lies in the purpose of those gaming and esports. The former is a form of recreational activity, where games are used as a way to bring entertainment to the users. E-sports, at the other hand is a professional endeavor and is only using games as a medium to compete. E-sports also emphasize competitive spirit, fair play, competition and pride.

E-sports and sport players alike need to study and practice if they  want to win a match. Take a look at PES players or FIFA players, they actually have to understand real soccer, they have to understand strategy and formations, such as 4-3-3, 4-4-2 or 4-3-1-2. They also have to understand play styles, such as defensive, attacking, short passing and possession. Only knowing famous players or basic understanding of how to play the game will not make you a professional e-sports player.

To summarize, I agree that e-sports player is acceptable as a sport, because the purpose of e-sports as well as the similar necessities of an e-sports player and a general sports player.

https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/10/01/are-e-sports-part-of-sports.html

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Cah Kumlot - Are young people deserve to be a leader? 

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Cah Kumlot - Are young people deserve to be a leader? 

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There are many pros and cons about how old a leader should be. Some people will say a leader should be an older people with a tons of experience, while the other will say that age does not matter. This debate is appeared again as Risa Santoso, a 27-years-old lady, is appointed as rector of Asian Bussiness and Technology Institute. Some people will underestimate her, as she too young to have lots of experience. Meanwhile, other people will support her because she is young yet has many achievement.

Promoting young people to high position is very beneficial because they can fulfil their team needs and do their job based on recent situation in society. Young people know how world works better than old people. In this era, young generations are tend to be more aware with the recent issues in society. This is because young people is a learner, and their brain still capable to keep updated with the very fast changing society at this time. It doesn't mean that older people is not capable. But, compared with young people, old people brain's has more limitation than young age because of aging factor.

Disloyal, inexperienced, lacking in expertise – the reasons for not promoting young people in high position are various. But a survey published suggests that leaders aged 30 or below are actually more effective than those aged 40 or above. However, when young people take high position, it had trouble gaining the trust of their employees, who questioned their experience, skills and technical expertise and we know that trusting someone is important

Some position require a trait that is more mastered by old people: experience. Take the example of restaurant manager. The manager must be capable of managing his man. But, sometime serious event happen, like if suddenly the stove doesn't work when there is a lot of queue. As a manager, he must solve this problem quickly. Young manager will have difficulty resolving this problem. It is the moment where experience is needed. Experienced manager will know how to handle it because he has been faced with a similiar problem in the past.

Even though there are pros and cons for old and young people to hold an important position on their own professional field, the old and young must work together despite their differences in age and experience to achieve their objective and to give the young valuable experience and a chance to hold an important responsibility. The old must give the young chances because the world is always changing, the old will pass away and the future is the young to hold.

Reference : https://today.line.me/ID/article/LwNJYj?utm_source=lineshare

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[SAD ANT] Indonesia on Transferring the Capital City

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[SAD ANT] Indonesia on Transferring the Capital City

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Indonesia has started to pave its way into realizing the long-neglected idea of moving its capital city. It is certainly has been an old idea, proposed ever since Mr. Soekarno’s presidency. As a country that has declared its independence for 74 years, Indonesia has never established nor designed its own capital city. Although, for a very few times, during the time when Indonesia’s independence hadn’t been stable, the capital did change temporarily due to emergencies, before returning Jakarta as its capital until the present day. But, the economic discrepancy between Java (especially Jakarta) and other regions keeps increasing. The transfer of Indonesia’s capital to Kalimantan is expected to stimulate development, economy, and well-distributed education; conforming the idea of “Centric Indonesia”, as Mr. Jokowi—Indonesia’s current president—stated. Moving the capital will help Jakarta solve traffic, floods, and pollution. The writer thinks that transferring Indonesia’s capital from Jakarta to Kalimantan is the right decision for reasons that we will elaborate in the following paragraphs. [INTRODUCTION]

Jakarta has been the sole center of business, trade, monetary, and services. The transfer of capital city is not an easy task, there are a lot of factors requiring attention and a lot of planning requiring good strategy. The government has arranged an intensive study and research for 3 years regarding this matter, because small mistakes can lead to greater error, resulting in financial loss and a lot of people’s energy wasted in vain. Recently, a contest of creating the concept of an ideal city for the people has emerged many interesting and creative ideas. Since the contestants are most certainly Indonesian people, the ideas should, on its own, represent their desire and vision of an ideal city. Designing a new capital city can realize those ideas—an ideal capital city—and help Jakarta alleviate its heavy burdens of being the sole center of many activities—two birds with one stone.

For the same reason of Jakarta (and Java) being the center of economy and trade, its contribution to Indonesia’s GDP is a lot more dominating than other regions. The main cause of this is the yet well-distributed infrastructure development. In Java, infrastructures are developing quickly, strengthening industrial development along with it. If compared to Java, other regions’ development seems unmoving because of the lack of infrastructure development. This leads to ineffective distribution of economic growth, as the rest of Indonesia nearly has no contribution to GDP compared to Java. Once the capital is transferred to Kalimantan, it is expected to help economic growth as it is strategically located in the center of Indonesia (hence the term “Centric Indonesia”).

Java has been the habitant of 54% of the entire Indonesia population, despite being only 6% of Indonesia’s vast land. According to a projection of Indonesia population (2015-2045), the population of Java in 2019 reached 150 million lives. That amount is equal to more than a half of Indonesia population of 266 million lives. Java has been the center of many happenings and historical events, so it makes sense that it is considered as the most strategic land as it becomes the center of social development, economy, politics, and culture. The facilities available to people in Java are a lot better and up to date than those provided in other regions. This caused many Indonesians to think that Java is the best place to live and stay. Each day, houses and residences are built on forests and empty land, damaging the nature and causing instability. The non-stop increase of population density will eventually lead to even bigger problems such as unemployment, high level of crime, and dangerous pollution. This will also lead to increasing needs of education, medical services, and many other facilities. Transferring the capital city to Kalimantan will make government focus more on development in other regions, giving access to the necessary facilities and services to all people in Indonesia. Therefore, it is expected to reduce the population density in Java as people would be more willing to live in regions other than Java.

As we have talked about Jakarta being the center of many activities and the population density in Java causing nature instability, this transfer of capital city is seen as a great step to help restoring nature stability in Java. Jakarta itself is experiencing many development problems caused by limited space to build. If the capital is then moved to Kalimantan, the largest island in Indonesia full of forest and empty land, the government will have a lot more space to develop, converting them to a more productive area. Currently, there are a lot of terrain in Java that is built into residences and industrial area. The change of geographical morphology has caused many disasters to happen in Java, ranging from floods to landslides. Buildings and residences have prevented soil from absorbing water. A bad drainage system and Indonesian people’s habit of throwing trash on thr streets and rivers worsened this problem. As the rainy season comes, a great amount of rainwater will fill the sewers, and since the drainage system is not large enough, trashes from the streets flow along the rainwater and eventually piling up and blocking the drainage system. The rainwater then will have no place to flow and eventually overflowing back to the streets. Floods can cause many losses, especially financial loss. The time has come for Java to restore its nature stability by planning and carrying out a new task—reforestation. As explained in previous paragraph, transfer of capital city is expected to reduce population density in Java, allowing it to carry out reforestation and helping Java to survive and develop in other ways in the long run.

Natural disaster in Java is also one of the contributing factors worth mentioning. According to scientists, the Java Island is located in a zone where natural disasters often occur. Earthquakes, tsunamis, and other natural disasters threatened the safety of Jakarta as the capital city. Furthermore, the ‘unstoppable’ global warming is said to increase the atmosphere temperature, leading to melting of ice in northern pole. As the volume of seawater increases, the sea level will also increase. Jakarta is regarded as a coastal region as it is located on the outskirts of Java Island. This has led many people to believe that Jakarta will sink if the sea level keeps increasing. Kalimantan Island, on the other side, has a strategic centric location and less prone to natural disaster than Java Island. The transfer of capital is then seen as a solution to natural disaster threats towards the capital of Indonesia.

For reasons that have been explained in previous paragraphs and with a lot of consideration and comparison, transferring the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Kalimantan has a lot of advantages outweighing the disadvantages. The writer then believes that it is a wise decision and therefore a cause worth supporting. [CONCLUSION]

References :

https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/08/27/07325011/6-hal-penting-soal-pemindahan-ibu-kota-ke-kalimantan-timur?page=4

https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.kompas.com/nasional/read/2019/08/27/09284821/4-alasan-mengapa-ibu-kota-indonesia-harus-keluar-dari-pulau-jawa

https://www.instagram.com/p/B4jb7qDhhBL/?igshid=aykf85yklofo

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It has been a habit for people to accept offerings from others for manner reasons. Some people agree that people should often say “yes” to others. On the other hand, people believe that by saying too much of “yes”, our productivity become less developed making them doing things that is actually redundant. We strongly agree that saying “no” more often could increase our productivity.

Not doing something will always be faster than doing it. “Remember that there is no code faster than no code.” – an old computer saying by Kevin Henney. The same philosophy applies in other areas of life. For instance, there is no meeting that goes faster than not having meeting at all. However, it does not mean we should never attend any meeting to increase our productivity. That is to say people just need to delete unnecessary tasks to focus more on important tasks.

Another reason is that by saying “yes”, one actually say “no” to every other option. However, by saying “no”, a person only say “no” to an option. The economist Tim Harford once said, “Every time we say yes to a request, we are also saying no to anything else we might accomplish with the time.” In other words, saying “no” saves you time in the future while saying “yes” costs you time in the future as you already commit to something.

In conclusion, when people say “no” to something, their activities are going to run faster and they save time in the future. Therefore to become more productive, one should filter activities by saying “yes” to only important tasks and say “no” to every other option. As a result, one’s life could become really effective and productive.

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Disagreeing Prabowo as The Defense Minister of Indonesia

Prabowo Subianto was chosen as Indonesia's Defense Minister following his defeat in 2019's President election. Although the decision is already final but many people, including us, still dissaprove the selection of Prabowo as the Defense Minister. There are many reasons as to why we disagree with the selection of Prabowo as the Defense Minister.

First, the selection of Prabowo as the Defense Minister gives the impression that the selection isn't based on the capability of Prabowo but on politic interest. It is clear that Prabowo's supporter has gone riot ever since Jokowi was declared as the winner of the 2019's President Election. Many people speculate that the purpose of the selection of Prabowo as the Defense Minister is only to satisfy Prabowo's supporters, not to fix the problems of Indonesia's Defense System.

Second, Prabowo is known to be involved in the Human Rights Violation. In 1998, Prabowo was suspected to be involved in the kidnapping of activists. He was the leader of a military force in 1998. The military force led by Prabowo was suspected to have kidnapped activists who conducted protests at the government. This case then led many people to question the integrity of Prabowo as a minister.

Third, the selection of Prabowo as the Defense Minister will cause unbalance in the politic situation. The situation is caused by the shift of many political parties to side with Jokowi that leaves the opposition with few political parties. This causes imbalance in the politic situation which displeases many politic parties such as PKS, and many others.

Although the selection of Prabowo may bring peace to the society, it has too many negative aspects that prevents Prabowo from being a Defense Minister that we all need and desire. In conclussion we strongly disagree with the selection of Prabowo as the Defense Minister.

Source : https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1452816/14/pro-kontra-posisi-menhan-masyarakat-tunggu-gebrakan-prabowo-1572143730

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INTRODUCTION
Helping Novi to study abroad is a movement that makes pros and cons in the public. Novi is a girl from Kediri who wants to go to college but she has a concern with the expense. That’s why she asks for help from a charity house and charity house saw her passion to continue the study. Some people start to think that this movement is too much and some other people think that it is a proper thing to do. This thought appears because there is plenty of people who have the same condition as her but doesn't have the same privilege and would cause jealousy.

BODY PARAGRAPH
Based on the explanation above, giving donations for Novi’s education fund is not something we agree on. The first reason why we don’t agree to give donations for Novi’s education fund is that her university choice is not rational. She chose Kirklareli University, a university located in Turkey. This university of her choice doesn’t even have an outstanding ranking. Kirklareli University is number 902nd in the official world’s university rankings. Meanwhile, some of the top universities in Indonesia have a much better ranking than that.

Second, the overall cost for attending Kirklareli University is way more expensive than universities in Indonesia. Kirklareli tuition fees are indeed lower than others because of its low ranking, but the living cost there made the overall cost pricier. Novi’s explanation about the low tuition fees became invalid because she does not consider the living cost.

Lastly, it was mentioned that she didn’t pass any of the Indonesian universities entrance exams. This shows that she is not capable compete with other students in Indonesia, much less internationally. If she does not excel academically, we don’t see a reason for her to be given an education fund that costs more than the cost if she chose an Indonesian university.

CONCLUSION
There is a charity movement made by the charity house to help novi’s education fund to study abroad in Kirklareli university, Turki. But, we do not support with that movement because of some reasons. The university that novi wants to study in isn’t rational choice (number 902nd in the official world’s university ranking), and even in indonesia there are better universities than the one novi wants to go to. Moreover, the total expense to study in Kirklareli University is more expensive than is she chose a university in Indonesia. Lastly, it’s written that she doesn’t pass the exam that compete with the students in indonesia, so, is she capable to compete with the other international student?

Article : https://today.line.me/ID/article/vr31xo?utm_source=lineshare

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Bandwagon Effect: A Tendency to Show Existence in the Society

One of our basic instincts as a human is to follow the traits of what or who we grew up with. It is perfectly normal for a child to do exactly the same things as his or her mother’s habit. As we grow up, we became wiser in time, we are able to take choices and responsibilities for ourselves. However, there is a condition where people follow something the more it is followed by others, called the bandwagon effect. Ultimately, other people's choices has become a main point of consideration in taking a decision. Is it good for us to let ourselves fall in the effect? Here are why we think it might not be the best option.

When people need to make a decision in a certain condition, sometimes everyone has their own standards to choose something among choices. There might be a condition where everyone face the same question, and most of them will give an answer based on how the other people answer. Let’s say, to be in the same side of political choice, choose a university to continue their study, and even to record a Tiktok video or any Instagram challenge. In fact, people are born with their own ‘colour', a special characteristic which cannot be perfectly the same with any other people in this world. Thus, some decision are made for a several group of people which are not compatible for the rest of people.

Everyone is born with their own uniqueness. There are many people who imitate the behaviour of others to attract people. However, some behaviour will torture yourself. Learn to understand your own ‘colour’ which can be developed as a light to ignite your charisma. However, do not ever feel embarrassed and try to hide some of your unattractive trait. If you ever feel worthless because you think that you have no special characteristic, remember again that there is no person like you in the world. You can be yourself and be useful to others and your environment.

In some cases, what people do is not compatible with our characteristic. Some people decide to not follow the trend, but the others tend to follow it. Actually, people who are refusing to follow the trend will be happier than the other one. This fact is proved by a study which was done by Guler Boyraz and his colleagues at Louisiana Tech University in 2014. It was found that those who showed more authenticity were more satisfied in life and less distress. In other word, people who enforce them to keep following the things that they do not like will gain more depression. They maybe can hold their feeling for a short time, but-as we know-feeling can not lie so over time they will definitely abject. At last, it will lower their productivity and some problems will be shown up because of that phenomena.

Bandwagon effect is a phenomenon that can arise as a result of manipulation of high-ranking officials who have certain goals, where the goal may be detrimental or harmful to us, and sometimes we are not aware of.  It could be for political interests, business, and others where the community as an object is made as if they are following the trend, when in fact the trend was created by embracing influential people to trigger the trend, and they have a hidden purpose behind  the trend. We as a society must be clever in responding to the trends created by the society or even the government. Not just following the trend in order to get recognition that we obey or follow the direction of the community. If we feel it is inappropriate, we should express our opinion and even have the right to express our rejection of it. Be a wise, intelligent, and critical society in responding to new things. At the end, think about the reasons behind your action: does it really has a great positive impact for you and your society, or it just a bandwagon effect.

Reference:

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-bandwagon-effect-2795895

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-doesnt-kill-us/201710/why-being-yourself-matters

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Roughly 2 and a half years ago, there is an accident of an unknown person assaulted the one of commissioner of Corruption Eradication Commission, Novel Baswedan, with acid. Until now, the suspect has not been arrested and the police is still trying to find out the suspect. Recently, one of the PDIP politician, Dewi Tanjung, accused him for faking the attack on him which happened 2 years ago and reported him to police. She gave proofs why the acid attack is fake. We think there are some proof that make sense and some are not.

First, she said if the acid was thrown at him, his face should have suffered from injuries as well. Well the proof does make sense because even if a little amount of acid makes contact on skin, this will definitely leave permanent marks on those part of the skin. So, if the acid attack is true, it will leave a bigger damage on face, Not just a damage on eye. Even if Novel gets a treatment from Singapore, his face would not be fully recovered.

Second, she said one of the videos that shows Novel’s condition after the attack, his eye seems fine. The proof does not make sense because we do not know whether his vision is actually damaged or not. Especially, since we had seen the condition of his eyes, we believe his eyes and vision is damaged. Dewi also refused to give more details about the video, so we think this statement is invalid.

We agree that the report is true because public must know the truth behind the acid attack case. However, we can’t conclude if the acid attack is fake or not, because the police still trying to find out the suspect. So, we hope the police can find out the suspect quickly and we will know the truth.

article : https://today.line.me/id/pc/article/Novel+Baswedan+on+Being+Reported+Dewi+Tanjung+Seeks+Sensations-mY5kEn

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In this industrial revolution 4.0 era, human life condition is growing at a record rate, that is what happened in most nation, but not all of the nations are not fortunate enough to have the same condition and situation as the developed country. Some country, especially in third world country suffered from civil war,drought, terrorism, severe corruption, famine, dictactorship, and natural disaster. The country condition led to a bad economical condition, which makes Investor leaves the country,hyperinflation and unstable currency. In the end, these country beg the united nation for help.as one of the united nation duty to help the country in needs, the united nation helped those country and spent huge amount of money yearly. These action raised a question about wether this policy is a good call since some country became very dependent to this aid and became an unnecesseary burden to the united nation

Those country is indeed need help, a lot of people suffer and having a near death experience on the daily basis and united nation wont risk millions of innocent life and keep sending the aid. It helped the nation for some period of time, but not solved the problem. The nation ability to self sufficient has stop to function and became a burden . Many country couldn’t survive from suffer because they always get help from the other country. This action makes the country couldn’t solve their own problem by themselves which make them only capable to wait, wait, and wait for help from another country, not solving their own problem.

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Social assistance for the community is one of the government programs. Aid is usually in the form of money but when it comes to the community usually in physical form such as staples. But this assistance is sometimes misused and wasted because it was corrupted.

Corruption of social assistance has been rampant. Not good if it is continuously done by people who are not responsible. Therefore we need to eradicate the corruption of social assistance, but we must also remember the relative size or the relative limits of the corruption case. Although we cannot eradicate it as a whole, at least we try to help reduce it and prevent it by first instilling in ourselves the importance of social assistance funds for people in need for example when social assistance is stolen or disposed of - it will take more lives.

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Many news articles tend to cite anecdotes suggesting that foreign aid is a waste. If you read enough of these articles, it’s easy to get the impression that aid just doesn’t work. One British newspaper claimed last year that more than
half of voters want cuts in overseas aid.
These articles give you a distorted picture of what is happening in countries that get aid. What is actually happening over time is people living longer, getting healthier, and escaping poverty, partly because of services that aid helped develop and deliver. The myth that foreign aid doesn't work is worrying because it gives political leaders an excuse to cut back on funding of foreign aid, which would mean fewer lives are saved and more time being wasted before countries can become self-sufficient.
Many people have misconceptions on the amount of money spent on foreign aid. Before further discussing on the amount of money foreign aid uses it is important to state that aid is only one of the tools for fighting poverty and disease. Poverty and diseases cannot be solved or cured just by relying on foreign aid, wealthy countries also need to make some policy changes, like opening their markets and cutting agricultural subsidies, and developing countries need to spend more on health and development for their own people.
But generally speaking, aid is a fantastic investment, and more countries should be doing it more. It saves and improves lives very effectively, laying the foundation for the kind of long-term economic which in turn helps countries stop depending on foreign aid.
Many people think that foreign aid is a large part of a wealthy countries’ budgets and by cutting back on it means that a lot of expenses could be saved. When pollsters ask Americans what portion of the budget goes to aid, most people respond with “25 percent.” and when asked how much the government should spend, people tend to say “10 percent." The actual numbers for Norway, which is the most generous nation in the world, is less than 3 percent. For the United States, it’s less than 1 percent. One percent of the U.S. budget is about $30 billion a year. Of that, roughly $11 billion is spent on health which consists of vaccines, bed nets, family planning, drugs to keep people with HIV alive, and so on. The remaining money goes to things like building schools, roads, and irrigation systems. $11 billion a year is a lot of money. But to put it in perspective, it’s about $30 for every American. With that amount of money you could save 120 children from measles by paying for their measles vaccines which comes at 25 cents per child. The amount of money spent by donors on health-related aid since 1980 comes to $5,000 for preventing children's deaths. It may seem expensive, but keep in mind that U.S. government
agencies typically value the life of an average American at several million dollars. Also don't forget that healthy children do more than merely survive. They will eventually work and over time take part in developing their country. This is why investing in foreign aid is such a bargain.
The total amount of aid calculated from all donors since 1980 for vaccines, HIV/AIDS, family planning, and water and sanitation amounts to $500 billion. This does not take into account how child mortality might have declined without aid, which would
increase the cost per life saved. But it includes a lot of aid to treat adults with AIDS. So overall this calculation overstates the cost per life saved. The U.S. Government spends more than twice as much on farm subsidies as on health aid. It
spends more than 60 times as much on the military. So, the next time someone tries to tell you the budget can be trimmed by cutting aid, I hope you will ask whether it will come at the cost of more people dying.

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Foreign aid are filled with generalizations based on small examples. Some stories are made up so that people will think that aid doesn't work especially because of corruption that has been happening. As someone who has run a foundation for 14 years, Bill Gates takes on this criticism and explain how does foreign aid actually work to help poor countries.

It is true that corruption has been happening in fund of aid. However, we have to remember the relative size of the problem. If it belongs to a small scale one, we should try to reduce it instead of dismissing the aid program. Another reason is knowing how big the impact is in countries that has been getting foreign aid. For example, Malaria deaths have dropped 80 percent in Cambodia since the foundation of Bill and Melinda Gates started working there in 2003.

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Government in developed country should invest more in foreign aid.Foreign aid is a help that given by a country for other country. In every country,  there must be a society that is less prosperous. Imagine if assistance in the fields of finance, education, health, etc are given to them, surely human resources will grow of high quality for their nation and later they will also participate in handling this general problem. We should be doing more “investment” of aid by sparing large part of countries’ budgets because foreign help gives much benefit, but some countries only give small part of their budget to development of foreign aid and it is a great investment for the future

There are so many countries that only give small part of their budgets to development of foreign aid. For example, Norway as the most generous nation of the world, has only 3 percent of its budgets to development aid. For America, it’s less than 1 percent.
One percent of US budget is about $30 billion a year. $11 billion of those money is spent on health, for vaccines, bed nets, drugs to keep people with HIV alive, and so on. Meanwhile the other $19 billion is spent on public utility, such as building schools, roads, and irrigation systems.
If we divide all the budget spent on health over every American, we get it is about $30 for every American. We can use $30 to protect 120 children from measles. Can you imagine it? It is a small money for each people. What if we do more on this?
If we sum up all the money spent by donors on health-related aid since 1980 and then divide it by the number of saved children from their death, we get it is less than $5000 per child saved. Yes, $5000 sounds expensive, but we know the value of life is priceless. Also remember, healthy children can go to school and eventually work. They can develop their country more.

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A majority of people may have the impression that foreign aid is just a waste of a country’s budget. This is reasonable considering the fact that there are a lot of newspapers, articles, and even politicians and critics who claim that foreign aid does not solve other countries’ problem. However, the myth that aid does not have a tangible effect on improving the lives of people in general, but instead makes other countries dependent on foreign aid, is not true. The truth is foreign aid actually decreases the dependency of countries in need and makes them more self-sufficient.

To begin, some critics claim that aid only restrains economic development. This is asserted by stating that it makes a country more dependent on the help it could get from outsiders. It is inaccurate to say so because aid are actually key to health and economic growth in the long term. This is evident in the Green Revolution happening in Africa as it has made them more self-sufficient.

Not only that but what the critics do not take into account is the fact that countries, like Brazil, Mexico, Thailand and South Korea, just to mention a few, that used to receive aids now are able to give them to other countries in need. However, it is true that there is no definitive proof that aid drives economic growth. What can be proven, on the other hand, is that aid paves the way for improvement in health, agriculture and infrastructure which then leads to economic growth in the long run. It saves lives of the future generation who will then grow up and contribute to the growth of a country. Hence, aid doesn’t promote dependency of a country to another.

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Myths regarding the effectiveness foreign aid have been circling around recently. Lots of (U.S) citizens believed that there's too much money spent on foreign aid. Medias also made this kind of mindsets with small cases of foreign aid which doesn't reflect what's really going on. Foreign aid is important, it can save lives, bring countries out of poverty and increasing health, as well as increasing growth. Even aid critiques acknowledge how important foreign aid is. But with so much myth going around, it's hard to change the mindsets of people regarding foreign aid, so here, we will be discussing one of the recurring myths of foreign aids, which is the amount of aid given to the other countries.

Many people think that government have spend a lot portion of their budget for aid, but in reality US government only spend less than one percent of their budget for aid. One percent of their budget is 30 billion dollars and it is about 30 dollars per American. If we use that amount of money for saving children from measles, it worth of 120 children. It is not worthless if we use 30 dollars from the tax to save 120 children. If we save those children, they can contribute more for the country and develop the country in the future.

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Introduction:
Foreign aid is a program given by many countries in the world to support global peace, security, and developement effort. In the US, foreign aid frequently comes in the form of health care. Despite its contribution to help people in need, many people in the US still think that foreign aid is a waste. There are various reasons as to why people think foreign aid is a waste and proving that those reasons is not true is the direction of this essay.

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Firstly, people think that foreign aid takes a lot of money from their country's budget. A research done in the US states that many people still think that the budget for foreign aid takes around 20 percent of the country's budget. That assumption is clearly false as the US only takes 1 percent the country's budget for foreign help. Now 1 percent of the country's budget can't be said to be a little amount of money considering that the US's budget is enormous. Nevertheless, if it is compared with the budget of the military, education, and many other sections, it is fair to say that the foreign aid's budget is small. So it is clear that the assumption that foreign aid takes a lot of money from the country's budget is false

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Corruption in foreign aid

Intro:
Corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal activity undertaken by a person or organization that was given a position of authority. It is a common cause that makes foreign aid a waste. When the government created the foreign aid program, it is indisputable that corruption is bound to happen by the inside people.

Body paragraph:
Even though the fund that came from the foreign aid program is meant to be helping the people in need, some people seldom understand the purpose of it and took some of the money for themselves. Bill Gates, one of the richest people on earth, spoke out on this problem. While the corruption that happens around the foreign aid program, we should also see the scale of the corruption. If the scale is small, such as a few dollars here and there, then it'll only be a waste of time trying to eliminate it. The big scale corruption is what we should be fighting because of the humongous effects it caused. One of the effects is the unaided sickness spreading and starvation in Africa. These effects will also lead to deaths of the people in Africa.

Can you imagine dying just because of someone's selfishness? This is what happens in the real world and we should try our best to reduce corruption. The complete elimination of corruption may be impossible, but at least we can try our best to reduce it to create a better world. One step to reduce corruption start with us. Educate yourself on why corruption is an awful thing to do and spread it to the people around you. If many people do this, then hopefully corruption can be eradicated in the future.

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Health aid is a phenomenal investment yet it has some contradiction in the regulation with the political goverments. Development aid is a large part of rich countries’ budgets. It gives some excuses for the goverment to trim off the overseas aid which means it is not implemented 100-percent efficiently. In this situation, the donor foundation or the nation’s budgetary plan might not achieve their main goal to help the others in need.

When the health aid is corrupted, the donor foundation’s aim will not be completely reached as well. The health aid tend to supports people’s life, to save the future of our children, to reduce diseases or any other threat among the society. The aid costs live. Supposing that the financial allocation is trimmed by irresponsible person, there will be a lot of lives are threatened evoked by a selfish human need. Assuming that the aid is distributed well, the people’s welfare will be increased rapidly and they can make their countries have a decent growth for the society. It can lead into a chain reaction where the country will also well-developed and start to give a hand to the other countries. Subsequently, the corruption actually have a potential to obstruct the development not only in a nation, but also in the other related countries who get the aid for their own advancement.

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There is a misunderstanding among US citizens on how foreign aid works. They assume foreign aid is a waste of countries fund. Many negative stereotypes arise in regards to the implementation of foreign aids. These stereotypes among US citizens cause them to demand the government to reduce funding on foreign aids. Among these stereotypes include corruption, misuse of given funds, and the amount of funds given to receiving countries.

The first prejudice that exists is corruption of the funds for foreign aid. Bill Gates points out that a double standard exists among citizens regarding the judgement of corruption. It was brought to attention that four out of seven Illinois governments were imprisoned due to corruption cases. However, no one has ever demanded that money spent on the development of Illinois is a waste of funds. In contrast to that, when it comes to corruption in foreign aid, even though scales are in truth small, people see it as a big problem and demand an end to the aid. It is true that corruption in foreign aid cannot be completely erased but the positive effects of foreign aid still outweigh the negative effects caused by corruption.

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Aid Dependence

Some people that criticized foreign aid see that foreign aid holds back normal economic development and is being seen as an action to try to keep countries dependent only by generosity from outsiders. But the critics make several mistakes. Those mistakes include countries that receives foreign aid is becoming more independent and the “aid breeds dependency” argument misses all the countries that has graduated from receiving aids.

One of the mistake is the countries that receives the foreign aid is becoming more and more independent. For examples, America sent foreign aid to Asian and Latin American countries in 1960s to help the country to develop more productive crops  is making those countries become less dependent on America.  Actually aid is a crucial funding source that are key for health and economic growth. The better the country’s economic growth, the less dependent they are from other country’s aid.

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Foreign aid is being needed by many low income and middle income countries. But many people want cuts in overseas aid. In one side, foreign aid has brought a lot of good impact, such as people escaping poverty. But in the other side people say that foreign aid is just a waste.

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Globalization affects many kinds of markets, one of which is financial globalization. Trades of financial assets are the easiest to globalize. Making entries in electronic ledgers and exchanging pieces of paper is involved in the process. The only barriers are national regulations. Despite the pace of modern financial globalization and its amazing technological support, finance was much more completely internationalized in the 19th century. There were virtually no restrictions on international financial transactions then. Globalization gave way to a maze of national restrictions on currency transactions, as governments sought competitive trade advantages in vain hopes of rescuing their economies from depression. There is a trilemma which international economists are quite fond of. The trilemma states that a nation can maintain no more than two of three conditions. Those conditions are a fixed rate of exchange between its currency and other currencies, unregulated convertibility of its currency and foreign currencies, and a national monetary policy capable of achieving domestic macroeconomic objectives. Many nations struggle to keep these aspects in balance and some have resulted in great economic depressions. That is why many nations have adopted floating rates which has worked for the Big Three currencies since 1973. They have fluctuated, but there have been no crises, also it would work for most currencies.

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pak barra bagusan gondrong

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tugas globalization of world economy

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An article by James Tobin "Globalization of the World economy" talk about the recent state of the world's economy. One of the topic is the solution tor the increase of globalized financial world by using floating rates. This solution is quite good since it has worked for the big three currency.

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Globalization has been affecting various parts of financial world and one of them is assets and debts area. International economists are fond of a 'trilemma' that consist of fixed exchanged rate, convertibility, and monetary sovereignty. But, in facts, a nation can only maintain 2 out of 3 conditions in these 'trilemma' in order to have a stable national currency.

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Globalization of the world economy is undoubtedly fast. Nowadays, most countries agree that economic globalization went too fast. The speed of world economy now cannot be separated from its history. There is several cause which effect the world economy in the past. The World War II had weaken Asia’s and Europe’s currency, the 1914 Great Depression, and internationalized economy in the 19th century are three cause which effect the world economy in the past.

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Trojan

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Economical globalization is a fast form revolution of economics globalwide which based and arleady wide known related to serveral economical matter, for example trading is a very critical matter for the economic all around the world , and trading itself as the core and root of all economics is evolving a lot, nowadays globalization affect trading in many ways. Financial technology, stock, communication evolution, and comodity transport nowadays create a global network trading chain that necesseary for the sustainability of human life .the economical revolution capable to create a revolutioner system which capable to support modern human life. Monetary globalization also create a globalwide domino effect as a boost to ease transaction and investment and as the result, economic grows way faster than it used to. With a huge evolving oportunity , there will always a gap, which sometime manipulated and used by criminals, as the system change, crime especially economic related crime also change to adapt. Even a single undetected , or ignored mistake somewhere in the code platform, could create an economical disaster.

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1. By reading this, you just enter the fascination of literacy world. Printed words make it possible to send information across both time and space. Through the content of writings, ideas can be delivered around the world and through thousands of years. Distance will not limit people to impact the world and to distribute knowledge. All of that could be done relying on the power of writings. Using the same way, even one man can change the world.

2. Johannes gensfleisch zur laden zum gutenberg as known as Johanes Gutenberg was born in the german city of mainz. His childhood is still a mystery, but it is believed that he studied at the university of erfurt in 1418. In his young adulthood, he kept doing practical works following the path of his father, which is to be a goldsmith. . Gutenberg proposed a financial grant to the investors in 1439, but it ended up in difficult situations.

3. The severe flooding in 1439, which postponed Johannes Gutenberg’s plan to conduct an exhibition, emerge a difficult situation for him. The unsuccessful exhibition for the collections of Emperor Charlemagne, a popular ruler who had a big impact for Western Europe, urged him to return the financial allowance to the investors. Unfortunately, Gutenberg already spent the money to produce metal mirrors that was prepared to be sold to the visitor. Those mirror was believed to capture holy lights from the religious artifacts. Because of the delayed event, all of the production ended up nothing. This situation forced him to make a big decision to reveal his greatest untold innovation.

4. Gutenberg's had brilliant ideas
.  that ideas would change the world and history.  being someone who had the greatest idea, he would play a key role in the development of the revival, reformation, epoch of enlightenment and the scientific revolution.  Because of that ideas, Gutenberg had created a mechanical type with a movable type.

7. Although his brilliant idea changed the world, Guttenberg was effectively bankrupt. Guttenberg carelessly joined a large and risky investment so he was trapped in financial trouble once again. To make the things worse, one of his investors sued him. The investor said that Guttenberg was mismanaging the books' production money.  Unfortunately, the courts ruled againts him so he lost the shop that he had created.

8. His failure as a businessman didn't stop the rapid distribution of the technology that he had created. As these printing technologies became known, news and books travelled faster than it ever was, which left a huge impact on the world and changed it forever. Despite his own uneventful financial conditions, Gutenberg actually made the world a much richer place.

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1 By reading this, you have involved in literacy. People can share information across time and space with books. Ideas are written in the books and shared to people across the world. Books can influence people to change the world. This development of occurrence can be credited to one man.

2 Johannes Gutenberg, with full name Johannes Genfleisch Zur Laden Zum Gutenberg, has little known information about his early life. He was born in the German city of Mainz, spent his teenager practicing his father’s job as goldsmithing, and studied at the university of Erfurt in 1418. In the year 1439, Gutenberg borrowed money from investor and got financial problem—Muhamad Taruna 16519211

4. The world, all of history, and even the process of keeping history would forever be change by this secret. It's been contended with evidence that Gutenberg's idea was one of the most prominent of all mankind. This one idea would lead to the extent of many other ideas. The idea would play a fundamental role in the progress of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution. This idea would bring education to a lot more people. Gutenberg had built the mechanical printing press with movable type.

6 The initial major of Gutenberg’s production was a 42-line copy of the bible. This copy soon sold out mostly to churches and universities, while one was sold to a privet individual. It was sold for 30 florins (about three year of clerk’s wage that time). It may seem very expensive, but much cheaper than a hand produced one and were a good investment in 1450s if able to maintain it. Scholars estimate that Gutenberg produced between 165 to 185 of these bibles, though only twenty-one that exist today and the last one was traded hands in 1987 for 4,9 million dollars, the highest price ever paid for a book at the time.

7. Gutenberg had a world-changing idea, but soon he made a large and high-risk investment and caught himself in a financial trouble. One of his investors accused him of mismanaging money that was meant for books production and as a result, he lost his own bookshop and went bankrupt.

8 The technology that he created spread quickly even though he had failed as a businessman. News and books began travel much faster than before when this printing technology spread. Guttenberg has made the world a richer place even though he was financially failed.

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Paraphrasing
1. Widya A. Putra
2. Ferdian Airlangga
3. Abraham Manuel H.
4. M. Iqbal Albaihaqi
5. Reynaldo Averill A.
7. Imam Nurul Hukmi

1. We can take a part in the wonder of literacy by reading some text, i.e. like this one. People can share information anytime and anywhere through printed words. Readers receive ideas that are put in the writing across thousands of miles and years. People can influence events, other knowledge, and even change the world by their words in writing. One man can attribute much for the development of this phenomenon.
2. He is Johannes Gutenberg,  but his original name is Johannes Gensfleisch zur Ladem zum Gutenberg. German city of mainz is his birthplace. Base on historians opinion,  he was studied at the University of Erfurt in 1418 although his beginning life is a mistery. In his young adult life,  he occupy goldsmithing,  which his father profession. In 1439 he get unstable financial because he was lend money from investors.
3. Gutenberg was planning to make an exhibition at his town in the year of 1439. The exhibition will show a large collection of Emperor Charlemagne who was a famousv ruler that unite much of the Western Europe. Gutenberg then took investments and created polished metal mirrors which at that time was believed it can capture holy light from religious relics so it can be sold to the visitors because he expect that the exhibition was going to bring many visitors to the town. But, because of an unexpected flooding, the mirrors couldn't be sold and the exhibition was delayed by one year. As a consequence, Gutenberg was trapped in a difficult situation due to the impatient investors that wanted their money back. Because of that, Gutenberg have no choice but to share his greatest secret with them.
4. Mechanical printing press which made by Gutenberg is one of the best idea that human-being have. This idea had changed the world and played a role key in histrorical moment like Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightement, and the Scientific Revolution. This idea bring us more knowledge and lead to spread of countless to other
5. Before the gutenberg's invention, the printing press, books were very rare and precious. This things cause common people to lose interest in reading, learning and writing. The rarity of book is caused by the effort to create them. The literature must be written by hand, and even take years to finish a single copy of bible. In addition, the ballpoint weren't invented yet. But, the gutenberg's printing press has metal type that can be arranged once to form a page, so that the page can be printed repeatedly and literature can be produced on a mass scale.
7. Guttenberg's groundbreaking invention would change the world forever, but it was also the one that made him bankrupt. Soon after he found himself in short of money, one of his investor sued him for mismanaging investment meant for book production. He lost on the court and lost his shop.

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Muhammad Darrel Alwafin
16519043
1. Literature is now the main ingredient for sharing out informations. It has been used to write ideas and share informations to readers from all around the world for thousands of years. Writing has affected and changed the world. The development of literature kept on going, so it may become a perfect phenomenon.

Naufal Alexander
Suryasumirat
16519247
7. The brilliant idea made by Gutenberg which would change the world was initally a very risky investment. He had little to no money and was sued by one of his investors for mismanaging money purposed for the book productions. The courts decides to rule against Gutenberg, costing him the shop he had created, and resulted in him declaring bankruptcy.

Alif Bhadrika Parikesit
16519175
8. Printing technologies that Guttenberg had invented, are very beneficial for mankind to this day. It spread very quickly. It followed by paper based media such as newspaper and books. Since then, the world has totally changed in a good way. Despite the fact that Guttenberg had failed as a businessman, he had succeed to make the world a much richer place.

Daffa Ananda Pratama Resyaly
16519265
2. Johannes Gutenberg has a full name of Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg. He was born in Mainz, German. He has such an inexplicable life. Though, some historians assume that he went to University of Erfurt in 1418. The historians also assume that his adolescent life was spent practicing goldsmitthing, his father's job. Gutenberg found himself in economic challenge since he lend money from stockholders in 1439.

Mohammad Sheva Almeyda Sofjan
16519217
4. Some said that Gutenberg's idea which had been a secret for himself was one of the best idea mankind had. Since that secret was shared, many other ideas were spreading and brought learning to the vast majority of people . His idea played a fundamental part in world history, such as the development of the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Age of Enlightment, and the Scientific Revolution. This man secret was the mechanical printing device with movable type which he himself had invented.

Muhammad Iqbal Alam Firmansyah
16519511
5. When the idea of gutenberg not has been known to many people all the books and bible was handwritten. Because at that time it hasnt been found a printing press that can make a copies of the books and bible. To make a single copies of the books and bible can take several years which make the books are rare and valuable. After the idea of gutenberg was spread the copies of the books and bible can be produced in mass scales and faster time to make the copies.

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Name : Maureen
Paragraph 7

A tremendous change in human life would soon happen because of Gutenberg's idea if not for his daring moves in investments. One of his investors incriminated Gutenberg for abusing books production funds and sued him. Gutenberg lost the fight in court and lost his own shop. Afterwards, gutenberg went bankrupt.

Name : Hera
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Gutenberg's mechanical printing press with movable type was one of the greatest idea of all mankind. This invention had brought revolution into the world by changing the history and even the process of keeping history. It's impact also spread into countless other things such as being a key role in the development of renaissance, refomatron, the age of enlightment, and the scientific revolution. This invention would also introduce learning to the masses.

Name : Zahra S.
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Gutenberg’s first major text was a 42 line copy of the bible, which 165 until 185 of the bibles sold out immediately. Arround 30 florins of the copies has been sold and most of it were delivered to churches and universities. Having a 1450s Gutenberg Bible was a good investment, because there is only 21 complete gutenberg bibles exist today and 4,9 million dollars is the price for that book.

Name : Gina
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In 1439, gutenberg often does his father's work. His father's profession is a goldsmith. While doing his father's work, he made mistakes that made him have financial difficulties. He borrowed a lot of money from the investors he visited. At first, he was believed to be one of the student in University of Erfurt in 1418 by historians. He was born in the city of Mainz in Germany. The story of his life is considered full of mystery by historians. The real name of gutenbergh is Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg

Name : Rahmah
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The city where Gutenberg lived was planning an exhibit of Emperor Charlemagne’s huge collection in 1439. Because the town was expected to be crowded from the exhibit, Gutenberg took investments and created polished metal mirror to be sold in the exhibit. Because of severe flooding, the event was delayed for one year. Gutenberg was unable to sold his already made products but the investors demanded him to return their investments. Because of the difficult situation he was in, he had to give his secret to the investors.

Name : Taramahisi
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The ideas on writing makes people can send information through time and space. Influence event, knowledge, and move the world can be reach from people who lived long time ago to readers across the world through writing. The development of this phenomenon has much credit that can be related to one man. You has been taking part in the world of literacy after you read this.

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We can thank one man for a majority of the development of literacy. The developments he made allowed us to do various things. We could share and send any kind of information no matter how far or where it came from. It has the power to affect events, pass on knowledge and change the world itself.
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A man named Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, an old city in Germany. Historians regard that Gutenberg studied at the University of Erfurt in 1418 and used his early life practicing his goldsmithing that was inspired from his father. While no one even knows what actually happened in Gutenberg's early life. Unluckily, he had a financial problem as a consequence for borrowing money from investors in 1439.
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In 1439, Gutenberg's home city was planning to exhibit its big collection from Emperor Charlemagne. There should have been a lot of visitors if it wasn't for severe flooding, which delayed the event by one year. Gutenberg had took investments to create and sell polished metal mirrors, which was believed to be able to capture holy light. He was demanded to return investments from the investors, but he had already spent the money on unsellable polished metal mirrors. He then decided to share his greatest secret.
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Gutenberg’s secret would lead into a big change in the world. His invention was one of the most influential. It was so important in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution. He had created mechanical movable type printing.
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Gutenberg's extraordinary idea would be able to change the world. However, he carelessly put in a lot of risky investment within short term. He got himself tangled up in financial problem and not long after that, one of his investors sued him, accusing Gutenberg abused the money which was meant for production of the books. The investor won the case against Gutenberg which made him lost his shop and within a moment, he went broke.
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Gutenberg didn't succeed to develop his investment, but he made a breaktrough for the world, creating a printing technology to replace handwriting. Because of his invention, books and news spreaded and much faster. Gutenberg's invention significally had changed the literature world, even though he was effectively bankrupt.

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1. Nowadays, literacy is one of wonderful phenomenon around the world. Those bunches of words can bring anyone's brain from general into particular knowledge. Readers can get the information even from million years ago and million miles away. Then, the power of those words which is written on a paper can affect the world significantly such as knowledge and influencing people. Surprisingly, a single man can attribute a lot of credits for the development of this phenomenon.

2.  Johannes Gensfleich zur Laden zum Gutenberg or was well-known as Johannes Gutenberg, was born in Mainz, a city in German. Johannes Gutenberg had an unknown past, historians thought that he went studying in University of Erfurt in 1418 and then he practiced the profession of his father of goldsmithing for the rest of his young adult life. In 1439, Gutenberg was getting sponsored from investors and then he got into financial problem.

3. In 1439, the city where Gutenberg lived planned to exhibit its huge collection from Emperor Charlemagne (a well-known person who had united much of Western Europe around 800AD). The exhibit was to bring visitors into the town. Therefore, Gutenberg invested by creating polished metal mirrors and sold it to the visitors (people in that time believed that mirrors were able to capture holy light from religious relics).  Gutenberg’s mirror should be sold well, but because of severe flood, the event was delayed for a year. The impatient investors demanded Gutenberg to return their investment, but Gutenberg had already produced unsaleable mirrors from the money. He was in a bad time. Gutenberg then shared his big secret with them.

6. Gutenberg's first major success was selling the production of 42 lined copies of the bible. The copies were almost immediately sold for 30 florins each, this being relatively highly profitable at the time. The copies were mostly sold to universities and churches, with an exception of one being sold to an individual. Being in scarcity, a copy today is valued extremely high. In 1987, a copy was even sold for at the time the highest price ever paid for a book, valued at 4.9 million dollars.

7. The brilliant idea from Guttenberg would soon alter the world we knew. However, the idea he proposed became a double-edged investment for himself. His financial was in trouble once again and was sued by one of his investors for mismanaging money for the book production. He was stated guilty by the courts and lost the shop he created. After all that events, he was effectively bankrupt.

8. Even though Gutenberg had failed in his financial life, his hard work was not wasted. The technologies that he had created spread rapidly around the world. As a result, news and books could travel faster than ever before. The world has not been the same since and become a much richer place.

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2.Johannes Gutenberg was born in the germain city of mainz. Historians belive that gutenberg's     studied at the college of efurt in 1418 although gutenberg's life is a mystery. Gutenberg spend his young adult life with working on goldsmithing. In 1439 gutenberg's borrowed money and getting  financial trouble
3. This idea would bring learning to the masses. Guttenberg had created the mechanical printing press with movable type (A renowned ruler who had joined muchof Western Europe around 800 AD). The show was required to carry numerous guests to the tow Gutenberg took speculations and made cleaned metal mirrors which were to be offered to the guests (it was a typical conviction around then that mirrors had the option to catch sacred light from religious relics). The mirrors which Gutenberg created likely would have sold well, yet because of extreme flooding the occasion was postponed by one year. The anxious financial specialists requested that Gutenberg return their speculations, in any case, he had just spent the cash on delivering the unsaleable mirrors. He was caught in a troublesome circumstance. Gutenberg chose to impart his most prominent mystery to them.
4. Gutenberg had an idea that is debatable to be one of the best idea of all mankind. That idea of his believed to be able to change the world and also change the way of keeping and also tracking histories. The idea has became one of the foundation of learning process and scientific revolution that we have right now. Gutenberg had created the mechanical printing press with movable type.
5. Prior to the spread of Gutenberg's thought, writing was written by hand.The copies of the bible and the entire 73 books were slowly hand written , and all of this were made before the ballpoint pen was invented.One copy of the bible can take years to be written because of the amount of details given.This made the books extremely rare and valuable as a result of the amount of hard work given to produce them.Because of the value of books and the unlikeliness that the common people would handle books in their lifetimes , people don't bother to learn how to read or write.Gutenburg's creation would change that.Mass scale production of literature were available after his invention of printing press.His versatile metal sort could be customized once to frame page , and this metal can be used to print the page over and over again.
6. The gutenberg bibles is the first text that gutenberg produced. it was a 42 line bible copies. the bible copies that produced by gutenberg is between 165 and 185 copies. the church and universities bought most of it. Although the copy's price is 30 florins at the time, it was more cheaper than the manual copy and buying it in 1450s and keep it until now will bring many advantage . Now, The original completed gutenberg bibles is only twenty one in the world and one of the bibles is sold for 4.9 million dollars in 1987. Which means the bible is the most expensive book that people bought at the time
7. Gutenberg's extraordinary thought would   change the world soon, however in the short term he bungled an enormous and hazardous venture. He wound up in a difficult situation by and by and was sued by one of his investors, who blamed Gutenberg for blundering cash implied for the production of books. The courts ruled against Gutenberg and he lost the shop that he had made. He was effectively failed as a businessman.

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1. Have you ever thought about lots development that the world has faced before? Or maybe thought about how humans could spread ideas, gath ered information or something bigger like, on how people could change world using word? Exactly! Literacy must be one of the breakthrough inventions on how the world may transform into its version right now. Consequently, humans must have to thank a lot to a man, a man that influenced the world the essential of writings.

2. Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, or known as Johannes Gutenberg, was born in Mainz, a city that was located in German. Even though most of his early life is still questionable by historians, many historians agree that he spent his college time at University of Erfurt in 1418. During his college time, he spent most of his time doing goldsmithing, something that his father done as his profession. In 1439, Guttenberg borrowed some money from investor and it cause him a financial problem

3. In 1439, there was a plan to exhibit collection from Emperor Charlemagne (a famous ruler). This exhibit expected to bring many visitors, which means many investor too. Gutenberg had known this and take investments to create polished metal mirrors and sell them. Supposedly, this was gone well(because people believe mirror can capture holy light). Unexpectedly, the exhibit was delayed due to flooded visitors. Unpatient investor knew this want their investments back. But, Gutenberg already created the mirrors and no investments left. Gutenberg feels pressured and decided to tell his biggest secret.

4. Gutenberg’s idea is his biggest secret. This secret will totally make great development to the world in future, especially in media sector. Why? Because he created the mechanical printing press with movable type.

5. In ancient times, books were very precious. It was because the books were written manually even when the ballpoint pen not yet found. So, it took years to create a book. Because of the books' high value, people started to learn, read, or write. Gutenberg's idea changed that situation. After Gutenberg`s invention, a book could be produced on a mass scale.

7. Again, Gutenburg had himself in a bad financial situation by doing big and risky investment and charged of mismanaging money by one of his investors. He was insolvent and lost his business that he created before he had a chance to change the world by his bright idea.

8. Though Gutenberg was financially unsuccessful in his life, he made information spread faster around the world than previously possible with his innovation and by using technology

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P A R A P H R A S I N G

In this era, people can send and receive information everytime and everywhere. Since a long time ago,  people express their ideas trough printed words.  Although there is a lot of people in the world,  we can develop knowledge even influence what happening to the world trough writing. All of this phenomenon development happened because of one man. (Paragraph 1)

Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany. His early life is a mystery, but historian believed that he studied at University of Erfurt in 1418. He spent his young adult life becoming a goldsmith. In 1439, he borrowed money from investors and ended up having a financial trouble. (Paragraph 2)

The town in which Gutenberg resided, planned to display its big collection from Emperoe Charlemagne in a exhibit. The exhibit was required to carry numerous guests to the town, so Gutenberg made an investment to create a cleaned metal mirrors.  Gutenberg wants to sold it well, but the event was postponed one year later because of a flooding. The investors requested Gutenberg to return their investment, but he already spent all the cash to made a cleaned metal mirrors. In this time, he was very confused. And he decided to share his secret to them. (Paragraph 3)

Gutenberg's idea was one of the greatest that would lead the spread of countless other. His idea would change the world and would bring learning to the masses by creating mechanical printing press with movable type. (Paragraph 4)

Before Gutenberg's invention came to spread, all books and literature were handwritten, including copies of bible and its 73 books. So creating one copy of a bible (or any literature) could take years to finish. For that reason, during those times, books became rare and valuable. Because of its rarity, many common people chose not to learn how to read or write. But after Gutenberg's invention was spread (i.e. his mechanical printing press), all books and literature could be mass produced as his moving metal type can be arranged to print a page in a much shorter timeframe than that of a handwritten one. (Paragraph 5)

Because of his clumsiness in a large and risky investment, Gutenberg was sued by one of his client for mismanagement of money. He was opposed by the courts and went bankrupt. Even though his briliant idea would soon change the world. (Paragraph 7)

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PARAPHRASHING
MUHAMMAD VITO IBRAHIM 157
KEVIN DOMENICO 205
ALBERTUS 463
FATIMAH 439
FIA 469
NAFI 169

PADLET:
1. In the event that you are perusing this at the present time, you are participating in the marvel of proficiency. On account of printed words, individuals can send data crosswise over both reality. Thoughts are carefully recorded and sent to perursers crosswise over a huge number of miles and years. In view of composing, the expressions of far off individuals can impact occasions, offer information, and change the world. A significant part of the credit for the advancement of this marvel can be ascribed to one man.

2.Johannes Gensfleisch zur Loaded zum Gutenberg, otherwise called Johannes Gutenberg, was conceived in the German city of Mainz. In spite of the fact that a large portion of Gutenberg's initial life is a riddle, antiquarians accept that he learned at the College of Erfurt in 1418 and spent a lot of his young grown-up life rehearsing the calling of his dad: goldsmithing. Gutenberg obtained cash from speculators in 1439 and wound up in a difficult situation.

3.In the year 1493 the city wherein Gutenberg lived was intending to show its huge accumulation from Emperor Charlemagne(a acclaimed ruler who had joined quite a bit of Western Europe around 800 AD).The display was required to carry numerous guests to the town,so Gutenberg took speculations and made cleaned metal mirrors which were to be offered to the visitors(it was a typical conviction around then that mirrors had the option to catch sacred light from religious relics).The mirrors which Gutenberg delivered likely would have sold well,but because of extreme flooding the occasion was postponed by one year.The fretful speculators requested that Gutenberg return their investments,but he had just spent the cash on creating the unsaleable mirrors.He was caught in a troublesome situation.Gutenberg chose to impart his most prominent mystery to them.

4.This mystery would perpetually change the world, all of history, and even the way toward keeping history. It's been contended that Gutenberg's thought was one of the best of all humankind. This one thought would prompt the spread of incalculable others. It would assume a key job in the advancement of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution. This thought would carry figuring out how to the majority. Gutenberg had made the mechanical printing press with portable sort.

7.Gutenberg's splendid thought would before long change the world,but in the transient he botched an enormous and hazardous investment.He wound up in a tough situation by and by and was sued by one of his investors,who blamed Gutenberg for blundering cash implied for the generation of books.The courts ruled against Gutenberg and he lost the shop that he had created.He was adequately bankrupt

8.In spite of the fact that he had bombed as a businessperson, the advancements that he had made spread quickly. As these printing innovations spread, than already conceivable. The world has not been the equivalent since. Despite the fact that Gutenberg monetarily unsuccess ful in his own lifetime, he made the world an a lot more extravagant spot.

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Mindmap sci-fi and economy

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Tugas mind map meeting 5
16519001 - Taramahisi Adiatmari
16519301 - GINA SEPTIYANI PUTRI
16519421 - MAUREEN ALEXANDRA HUKOM
16519037 - ZAHRA SALSABILA
16519451 - Rahmah Putri A
16519115 - hera shafira

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Tugas Mind Map Meeting 5

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Tugas Mind Map Meeting 5

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"An Unexpected Connection between Scince Fiction and Economic History can Cause a lot of issues and respons throughout Society and a few aspect to the world"

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Mindmap meeting 5

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Mind Map Meeting 5

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Mindmap meeting 5

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Mindmap meeting 5

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Mindmap meeting 5

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The surprising link between science fiction and economic history

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Mindmap Meeting 5

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Mindmap science fiction

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814527_Link between science fiction and technological revolution

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BARCODE EST' 19 - Biogas

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Mindmap: Advantages of Biogas

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Biogas and it's benefits

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Week 4

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Mindmap biogas

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STEI WITH ME

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Mindmap biogas

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Mindmap biogas

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1. Alexius Ricky
2. Paul Marturia Sihombing
3. Agshal Andili

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1. 16519031 - Muhamad Rizki Nur R.
2. 16519211 - Muhamad Taruna
3. 16519235 - Muhammad Algi Fachrian
4. 16519349 - Muhammad Iqbal Sigid
5. 16519487 - Aria Bachrul Ulum Berlian
6. 16519523 - Fauzan R. Renaldo

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16519001 - Taramahisi Adiatmari
16519301 - GINA SEPTIYANI PUTRI
16519421 - MAUREEN ALEXANDRA HUKOM
16519037 - ZAHRA SALSABILA
16519451 - Rahmah Putri A
16519115 - hera shafira

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meta-cumlaude
1 Jesson gosal yo
2. stefanus
3. Jovan Kusuma
4. Karel Renaldi
5. christopher davin leoputra
6. Hendrico Vernando Bolang

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16519385-Marcelino Feihan

16519517-ilyas irfan

16519499- putra rafii pradana

16519391- Muhammad Tito Prakasa

16519163- Arjuna Marcelino

16519271- Parnaek R. Siagian