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The basis of the US Constitution is the principle of "separation of powers", invented by the French thinker Montesquieu. This means that power is divided between the three state institutions — the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This principle is known as a system of checks and balances.

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The US Constitution was adopted after the war of independence on September 17, 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

The work of Montesquieu, his work “On the Spirit of Laws”, as well as the theory of social contract developed by Thomas Hobbes in the XVII century, had a great influence on the US Constitution.

Among the predecessors of the Constitution is the Mayflower Agreement of 1620 and the Constitution of Virginia.

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1.  Written
2. Codified
3. Stable

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Six Basic Principles of the Constitution 

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Six Basic Principles of the Constitution 

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1. Popular soverignty
2. Limited government
3. Separation of powers
4.  Constitutionalism
5. Checks and balances
6. Federalism

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Constitution consist of Preamble and 7 artice.
The most important constitutional documents are also the Declaration of Independence of 1776 and amendments to the constitution, which are denoted by Roman numerals. They are not included in the text of the constitution, which remains unchanged, but is attached to it. To date, 27 amendments have been adopted, the last of them - in 1992.the first 10 amendments are called the "Bill of Rights":
No. 1 Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, the right to petition
№ 2 The right to keep and carry weapons
№ 3 It is forbidden to place soldiers in private houses without the consent of the owner.
№ 4 Prohibition of arbitrary searches and arrests
No. 5 The right to due process, the right not to incriminate oneself, the guarantee of private property
No. 6 Rights of the accused, including the right to trial by jury
No. 7 Right to jury trial in civil cases
№ 8 Prohibition of excessive liens and fines, cruel and unusual punishment
№ 9 The enumeration of rights in the Constitution should not be interpreted as diminishing other rights.
No. 10 Powers that the Constitution does not directly refer to the jurisdiction of the United States are reserved for states and citizens.

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"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America"