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On March 20, 1977, Frank Collin, the leader of the National Socialist ("Nazi") Party of America, informed Skokie's police chief that the National Socialists ...

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defamatory. Speech or writing that is defamatory is likely to damage someone's good reputation by saying something bad and untrue about them.

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Defamation is an area of law that provides a civil remedy when someone's words end up causing harm to your reputation or your livelihood. Libel is a written or published defamatory statement, while slander isdefamation that is spoken by the defendant.

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All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

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speech directed at the overthrow of government

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the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial

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In response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II, the U.S. government decided to require Japanese-Americans to move into relocation.

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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury

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Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

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A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

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Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act from 1968 was unconstitutional

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judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.

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a test courts may use to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance

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states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys

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It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality

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Enslaved man the sued for his freedom.

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constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions.

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ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin,

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Laws made to segregate Black people from Whites.

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an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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Used to deny suffrage to African Americans.

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evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts.

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requires the United States government to practice equal protection

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any statements that a defendant in custody makes during an interrogation are admissible as evidence at a criminal trial

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Can't racial segregate schools.

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unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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Makes the 10 amendments applicable to the states.

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Symbolic speech is conduct that expresses an idea

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It upheld affirmative action

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You need reasonable grounds for pressing a charge.

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Legal separation of groups in society.

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A characteristic used in applying a law, which a court will review subject to a strict scrutiny standard. The clearest example of a suspect classification is race.

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involves the communication of ideas through the combination of language and action—such as the burning of a draft card while stating opposition to the military (Actions Plus Words)

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The government can't prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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Fair treatment in court

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Government can't create a religion

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The rule prevents evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights from being used in a court of law.