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the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices

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The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade

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was an emperor (manse) of the Mali Empire during the 14th century. He became emperor in 1312. He was the first African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East, and is regarded as the richest person to have ever lived.

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the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena

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The etymology of the word Ghana means "warrior king" and was the title accorded to the kings of the medieval Ghana Empire in West Africa, but the empire was further north than the modern country of Ghana, in the region of Guinea

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Tsetse, sometimes spelled tzetze and also known as tik-tik flies, are large biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus Glossina, which are placed in their own family, Glossinidae

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a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

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The Seven Years' War was a global war fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved all five European great powers of the time plus many of the middle powers and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines

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a natural object or animal that is believed by a particular society to have spiritual significance and that is adopted by it as an emblem

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Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century

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an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration

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The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, named after Christopher Columbus, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries

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The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed at Tordesillas in Spain on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa

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Bartolomeu Dias, a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first European to do so, setting up the route from Europe to Asia later on

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a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country

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The Renaissance was a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries. In addition to the standard periodization, proponents of a long Renaissance put its beginning in the 14th century and its end in the 17th century

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The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition, was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile

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was the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492

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A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish ethnicity, Saladin led the Muslim military campaign against the Crusader states in the Levant

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He was a descendant of a noble family in Châtillon-sur-Marne. Reims was the nearby cathedral school that Urban, at that time Eudes, began his studies at 1050

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one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy

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a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government

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a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard between the 14th and 19th centuries

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was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. ... The plague was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea

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was the break of communion between what are now the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches, which has lasted since the 11th century

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DescriptionThe themes or themata were the main military/administrative divisions of the middle Byzantine Empire

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Used to set light to enemy ships, it consisted of a combustible compound emitted by a flame-throwing weapon. Greek fire was first used by the Greeks besieged in Constantinople

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The Corpus Juris Civilis is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor. It is also sometimes referred to as the Code of Justinian, although this name belongs more properly to the part titled Codex Justinianus

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the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad

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Constantinople stood as the seat of the Byzantine Empire for the next 1,100 years, enduring periods of great fortune and horrific sieges, until being overrun by Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire in 1453

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was an online black market and the first modern darknet market, best known as a platform for selling illegal drugs. As part of the dark web, it was operated as a Tor hidden service, such that online users were able to browse it anonymously and securely without potential traffic monitoring

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the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims

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Hit-and-run tactics is a tactical doctrine of using short surprise attacks, withdrawing before the enemy can respond in force, and constantly maneuvering to avoid full engagement with the enemy

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also officially Genghis Emperor, was the founder and first Great Khan and Emperor of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia

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a group of close-knit and interrelated families

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also called the Great Steppe or the steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome

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a native or inhabitant of Mongolia; a Mongolian

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is a form of animal husbandry, historically by nomadic people who moved with their herds. The species involved include various herding livestock, including cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses and sheep.

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a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives

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an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal. The earliest known propellant explosive, gunpowder has now largely been superseded by high explosives, although it is still used for quarry blasting and in fuses and fireworks

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is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document

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a group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs (typically regarded as heretical) from those of a larger group to which they belong

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a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam

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Islamic law or sharia law is a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition

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the Islamic sacred book

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Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. At age 40, he began to have revelations from Allah that became the basis for the Koran and the foundation of Islam. By 630 he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion

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The Catholic Church, sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2017

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a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside

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a large building, typically of the medieval period, fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and in many cases a moat

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a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor

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Manorialism, also called manorial system, seignorialism, or seignorial system, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord

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an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate

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widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.

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a person of noble rank or birth

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nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service

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raided and traded from their Northern European homelands

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King of the Franks

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the Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church

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the period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West

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a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different

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a large bag made of a strong material such as burlap, thick paper, or plastic, used for storing and carrying goods

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Significant change in global and climate change

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an extensive group of state

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the peace which existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire

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condition of being inflated

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concerned with making money

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A surprise attack

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a very powerful and influential nation

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Greeks expression to signify a battle or organized defense

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Alliance of greek city-state

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People decide on policy initiatives directly

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A small group of people controlling a country

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the highest class in certain societies

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a form of government with a monarch ahead

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Country or area under control of another country

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Any land used to grow crops

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there can only be one legitimate ruler of china at one time

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water plants used in sheets

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groups made based on factors like wealth , income , race , education , occupation , social status

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priests rule in the name of God or known as the lord

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social and cultural development and organization

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One of the oldest writings

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belief that there is only 1 God

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surrounding territory forms an independent state

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First agricultural revolution

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region in the middle east

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hunting and gathering berries and livestock

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Having a consistent the range of phenotypes

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horse drawn cart or way to get around

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Original development of stone tools

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A new method or idea

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Organism moves by there limbs , legs , or 2 feet

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Believing in more than one God

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A pack who traveled place to place to find food and livestock

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Nomad definition, a member of a people or tribe that has no permanent abode but moves about from place to place, usually seasonally and often following a traditional route or circuit according to the state of the pasturage or food supply. See more.

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hereditary rulers of a country

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The lord letting the military who came in need for him have labor and a home on the lords land

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Farming and the growing of crops and soil

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buying and selling purchases

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Having there own way of doing things and living there life and eating there things