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My professional perspective is a employee in the Multicultural Center at Angelo State University (ASU).
The audience is for Greek Life Coordinators (GLC) at ASU.
The topic is hazing discipline with greek organizations, which is relevant for my audience as GLC's work with greek life on campus and complaints pertaining to greek life, including that of hazing and greek life discipline.
This topic was chosen because hazing discipline is always spoken of, but never clearly laid out. I think it is very interesting to know all the facts and inform other of those facts. Once others, such as GLC's know the facts, then they can spread the information to individual greek life organizations on campus. This is a very relevant topic to myself as I was a part of greek life and I always wondered what the actual discipline of hazing would be if a greek organization was turned in.

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This interview was conducted with Teresa Winegeart, current Greek Life Coordinator, of Angelo State University.
https://www.angelo.edu/content/profiles/9556-teresa-m-winegeart

The Legal Guide topic is important in the field of education because it surrounds the role of a Greek Life Coordinator. Winegeart said that it does not only surround her job but greek life as a whole. She must be up to date with information regarding hazing and hazing discipline to understand how to handle hazing discipline situations. Winegeart goes onto explain that greek life hazing discipline, "impacts my job because it requires me to explain to my students that hazing isn't an issue on our campus and it is not like what you see in the movies or have heard in the past. In fact, our organizations have worked hard to combat hazing and provide a safe environment for our students" (T. Winegeart, personal communication, February 27, 2020). She stresses the fact that hazing is an issue, but fortunately, not one at Angelo State University. Being informed of the rules of hazing and discipline regarding that makes not only her job easier but ASU's greek life a safer environment.

In the interview, Winegeart discusses the best practices related to greek life discipline regarding hazing. She lists three best practices:
• Awareness;  One of the best practices to be used as long as you are aware of what hazing is, how to identify it, and what to do if you see hazing happening. Being aware of situations and what to do, will hopefully help prevent future situations and put an end to current ones. Winegeart explains that awareness is where it all begins and where it all ends.
• Knowing what could happen if someone sees hazing and chooses to report it. This is a very critical practice in leading hazing discipline. The reports are what opens cases about hazing and help them identify the incidents, find at-fault individuals/organizations, and bring students to safety. Winegeart stresses when individuals do not report, then nothing can be done, so reporting is the second best practice anyone can do to help with greek life hazing discipline.
• ASU does a great job of giving multiple risk management training as well as providing this information to our new Greek members every year. Winegeart explains that this is the third-best practice and the personal practice that ASU gives students and educators regularly. She goes onto to explain that these trainings keep everyone aware of the mentioned two best practices above, and provide additional information regarding hazing in general and discipline around hazing. This makes this the third best practice to prevent hazing and hazing discipline by being informed.

There are a few emerging issues related to hazing discipline within greek life that does impact Winegeart's work. Winegeart states, "I think students are realizing that they are protected if they speak out and they are becoming more aware of what hazing is and what can be done about it. I am curious to see if in the future our Greek community can be rebuilt from all of these allegations and if the reputation can be restored. Not all communities are bad, but unfortunately, some make mistakes that affect the whole" (T. Winegeart, personal communication, February 27, 2020). She reiterates that there are currently no emerging issues on our campus to worry about, but the general allegations that surface every day around us. On top of emerging issues related to greek life, Winegeart informs me that there are ways she stays informed of hazing and hazing discipline. She watches court cases within the state of Texas and the Supreme Court to see if she needs to change or adjust any current policies or procedures.  She also uses hazingprevention.org as a resource. Winegeart says, "they send me monthly newsletters with any updates in legislation or anything we can be doing on our campus to promote a non-hazing and including the environment" (T. Winegeart, personal communication, February 27, 2020).

(T. Winegeart, personal communication, February 27, 2020)

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The professional organization being used is the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors (AFA). This source has a memo regarding hazing in their About section on the website. This tab displays the AFA's position statement on hazing. This is informative for greek life hazing discipline because not only does it clearly state their opposition to hazing, but it also proposes how hazing situations should be handled. They leave it up to the state and federal legislators and the campuses. This resource also explains how the Association would like institutions and organizations to adopt policies and approaches regarding hazing.

The Board of Directors. (November 2, 2017). Proposed Position Statement on Hazing [PDF file]. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.afa1976.org/resource/resmgr/association_business/2017_afa_proposed_position_s.pdf

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• This article pertains to the future of fraternity life on campuses due to hazing. Paterson discusses the president of West Virginia University, WVU, has banned five fraternities who would not follow hazing policies and regulations at the University. The article also provides six other schools who have banned or suspended fraternities as well. The article ends with a professor's quote regarding why he believes hazing is an issue.
• This article relates to the topic of greek life and hazing discipline as this is a clear example of hazing discipline happening. These five fraternities are banned from WVU for ten or more years and there are at least six other college universities or colleges doing the same. If a greek life organization, such as fraternities, refuses to follow directions, they are at risk of shutdown or suspension.

https://www.educationdive.com/news/what-is-the-future-of-fraternities-on-college-campuses/542054/

Paterson, J. (2018, November 13). What is the future of fraternities on college campuses? Retrieved from
https://www.educationdive.com/news/what-is-the-future-of-fraternities-on-college-campuses/542054/

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• This article discusses why two US Senators want to make public reporting records of hazing a nation wide standard. Johnson explains what would be included in the report, such as the standard that was violated, threat to student physical safety, student organization, alleged violation, dates, investigation, and findings. They believe this being a nationwide standard would decrease hazing and hazing discipline and increase accountability and transparency.
• This article relates to the topic of greek life and hazing discipline as this is a future for all greek life's around the world. If your organization is reported for hazing, this would be the new rules and regulations the greek life coordinator and the university would have to follow in relaying the information to the public. This topic deals with hazing in general, but does use reporting as a discipline of the university and the organization for an organization to be hazing. This information is for the public to view.

https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2019/10/28/senate-bill-require-colleges-report-hazing

Johnson, E. (2019, October 28). Senate Bill to Require Colleges to Report Hazing. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2019/10/28/senate-bill-require-colleges-report-hazing

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Texas Education Code §37.153 Organization Hazing Offense

·       This source of law is Statutory Law.

·       https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.37.htm

The law and legal requirements of the law state that the organization, as a whole, can commit an offense if found hazing or not reporting hazing. It lists out the fines of nothing less than $5,000 to nothing more than $10,000. The law also explains the fine due to personal injury, property damage, or other losses to be nothing less than $5,000 and nothing more than double the amount lost.
This relates to my topic of discipline regarding greek organizations and hazing discipline as this law lays out the state's regulations towards greek organizations if found hazing. If an organization is found hazing, then they will have to pay these fines and be responsible for their actions.

Tex. Educ. Code §37.153 (Organization Hazing Offense)

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·       This source of law is Judicial Law.

·       https://1-next-westlaw-com.easydb.angelo.edu/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=2043639161&pubNum=0007724&originatingDoc=I0e34ce30211d11e8bf39ca8c49083d45&refType=RP&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)

The law and legal requirements of the law state show a previous case with hazing and death to show the cause of action as negligence for the victims against the Greek fraternity and members associated. Bogenberger was a student at a University and a pledge of Pi Kappa Alpha. He died due to alcohol intoxication after a fraternity event. The event was not registered with the university, even though this is the university policy.  The parents took members at the event and the fraternity association to court. The court dismissed the organization from the National level due to no special relationship that would impose liability and their rules of prohibiting alcohol hazing events. The ruling ended in a settlement, but the case did highlight those who owed a duty to the decedent for the death and negligence of Bogenberger due to hazing. Those responsible for this was the local chapter, members, and non-member sorority women.
This relates to my topic, the discipline of Greek life regarding hazing, as this is a previous case of hazing with a fraternity. This also opens up the questions of liability being imposed on a national organization for their local chapter's actions.

Bogenberger v. Pi Kappa Alpha Corporation Inc, 104 N.E. 3d 1110 (2018)

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·       This type of law is Administrative Law (Local).

·       https://www.angelo.edu/student-handbook/code-of-student-conduct/conduct-procedures-student.php

The law and legal requirements of the law state that any organization at Angelo State University that is pending a hearing for alleged violations (hazing) will have restrictions/suspension of the organization temporarily. This is not a sanction, but only to protect the safety of the parties in the hearing. Hazing is defined at Angelo State University the same as Texas Law defines it. If an student organization, such as a chapter of greek life, is found in violation of the Code of Student Conduct sanctions can include that of disciplinary reprimand, disciplinary probation, deferred disciplinary suspension, time-limited disciplinary suspension, disciplinary expulsion, and more as the University feels necessary.
This is related directly to discipline of Greek organizations on Angelo State University grounds. If the organization is under hearing for violations the direct consequences are listed out. If the organization is found in violation, then the direct consequences are also listed out.

Angelo State University (2019). Student Handbook, Procedures from the Office of Student Conduct for Student Organizations, Part I, §4. Retrieved from https://www.angelo.edu/student-handbook/code-of-student-conduct/conduct-procedures-student.php
Angelo State University (2019). Student Handbook, Procedures from the Office of Student Conduct for Student Organizations, Part I, §14. Retrieved from https://www.angelo.edu/student-handbook/code-of-student-conduct/conduct-procedures-student.php

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·       This type of law is Statutory Law.

·       https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.37.htm

The law and legal requirements of the law state how a person would be immune for liability against hazing charges. Each person who testifies for the prosecution may be granted immunity from prosecution.
This is related to my case on discipline for Greek organizations regarding hazing as it shows the immunity process for hazing cases. The organization, as a whole cannot be immune, but individuals who testify, voluntarily report hazing, or is deemed as cooperating in good faith can be immune.

Tex. Educ. Code §37.155 (Immunity from Prosecution or Civil Liability)

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Slide 10: Local Administrative Law/Policy Rule

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Slide 10: Local Administrative Law/Policy Rule

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Operating Policy and Procedure 16.02 is a local policy for Angelo State University regarding hazing and how ASU approaches hazing/hazing discipline. Hazing is defined in this policy as inappropriate behavior that may constitute unlawful harassment. The policy lists employees to reach out to in these incidents and the steps of filing a harassment complaint against employees/students. The policy also has links to complaints by students to students. If it is regarding hazing and a student follows the link for harassment against a student organization, it will take them to the student handbook and law three, as listed above, would be how the school handles hazing discipline.

Angelo State University. (2018, August 17). Non-Discrimination and Anti-Harassment Policy and Complaint Procedure for Violations of Employment and Other Laws, OP 16.02. Retrieved from https://www.angelo.edu/content/files/22687-op-1602-non-discrimination-and-anti-harassment

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One ethical principle from the ACPA Ethical Principles and Standards is 3.22, "Maintain current knowledge about changes in technology and legislation that are significant for the range of institutional responsibilities in their professional domain (e.g., knowledge of privacy and security issues, use of the internet, and free speech/hate speech)" (APCA Ethical Principles & Standards, n.d.). Being currently informed of legislation is important when it comes to greek life discipline. As stated in the interview slide above, Texas cases and federal cases impact how the university handles greek life hazing discipline cases. If a new ruling or new law is imposed regarding hazing in legislation the employees and the University are responsible for implementing the change in their school as well. As someone who works in this field, it is the ethical responsibility of oneself to be up to date on significant cases for the institution and the organizations.

https://www.myacpa.org/sites/default/files/Ethical_Principles_Standards.pdf

American College Personnel Association. (n.d.).  ACPA Ethical Principles and Standards. Retrieved from https://www.myacpa.org/sites/default/files/Ethical_Principles_Standards.pdf

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A website that is helpful for professionals in this field to learn about greek life hazing and hazing discipline in insidehazing.com. This resource is helpful and informational regarding hazing. It contains surveys conducted regarding hazing at colleges, definitions, warning signs, statistics, legislation, and so much more. This website is useful to professionals who want to become informed on hazing as a whole, and the legislation behind hazing as well. This source helps people learn about one specific type of legislation, the National Hazing Prevention Act, regarding discipline to hazing and hazing as a whole.

https://www.insidehazing.com/statistics

Lipkins, S. (n.d.). Inside Hazing. Retrieved from https://www.insidehazing.com/

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Slide 13: 6 Recommendations & Implications 

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Slide 13: 6 Recommendations & Implications 

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The following listed are recommendations related to educational practice for greek life hazing discipline.

• Awareness on campus. As an employee of the University, it is hard to be aware of the individual, private, chapter proceedings. With this being said, chapters need to be aware of hazing and the discipline behind those actions regarding hazing. There is the yearly training required by law, but more awareness is needed than just once a year. As stated by Winegeart, her number one recommendation is being aware of the chapters and having the chapters aware of hazing and the consequences that follow hazing. This is one of the best practices a Greek Life Coordinator can do.
(T. Winegeart, personal communication, February 27, 2020)

• Watch legislation and court cases. This is a very important recommendation for Greek Life Coordinators because one change in legislation, one different ruling in a court case, can impact how the university and how you, as a GLC, handle hazing discipline. Being informed and staying up to date is one thing that Winegeart says shes does often. Changes on the Federal and State level regarding hazing discipline mean rewriting policies and procedures at the University. This is another suggestion Winegeart gives as it truly impacts the decisions made at the local level.
(T. Winegeart, personal communication, February 27, 2020)

• Be informed of national and state regulations. With the four sources of law above, each pertains to a different source of law and a different regulation. Being informed of the current laws and legislation regarding greek life hazing discipline ensures as a GLC, hazing discipline cases are being treated by the laws ruling. Some common sources of law to be informed of is the Texas Education Code, University Policy, and as listed above, court cases as well. The difference with court cases is those could implement change in current policy, but being informed in the current state, local, and federal policy will help you, as GLC, change policies if needed and follow current regulations.

• Be informed of your ethical responsibilities as a GLC. The ethics code listed in slide 11 is important and follows along with recommendation bullet two in this section, but there are other ethical codes and standards that GLC's should be aware of. For example, standard 2.6 in the ACPA, requires, "Inform students of nature and/or limits of confidentiality. They will share information about the students only in accordance with institutional policies and applicable laws, when given their permission, or when required to prevent personal harm to themselves or others." (APCA Ethical Principles & Standards, n.d.). This is important as a GLC because if a student reports hazing to you, it is a GLC's responsibility to inform the student the limit of confidentiality within the conversation, especially if another student(s) are in danger or harms way. Another ethic code to be informed of would be standard 4.2, which states, "demonstrate concern for the welfare of all students and work for constructive change on behalf of students" (APCA Ethical Principles & Standards, n.d.). This is an important ethic for GLC's to follow as you are responsible for greek life individuals and their wellbeing and safety. If hazing is reported to you, it is in your hands to ethically and legally handle the situation. There are other ethic codes that GLCs should read through and follow, but these are just some that stand out regarding hazing discipline.
American College Personnel Association. (n.d.).  ACPA Ethical Principles and Standards. Retrieved from https://www.myacpa.org/sites/default/files/Ethical_Principles_Standards.pdf

• Know what hazing is and the consequences of hazing. This might seem obvious, but this is a very important practice for employees in this field. This is similar to awareness but different in the fact that this is the retention of the information. As a GLC, one should never ask themself if a situation is really hazing. They should automatically know what the federal, state and local definition of hazing is and what it includes. This is another best practice for GLCs. Having a current and clear definition of hazing and its consequences can help you with greek life discipline regarding hazing. There are great sources that include what hazing is and how to define hazing. For this recommendation, I have included the link to Angelo State Universities Statement on Hazing.
https://www.angelo.edu/dept/multicultural_center/hazing.php

• Know the reporting options. As a GLC you should know the reporting requirements set forth by the university and by state/federal laws. Being able to relay this information to greek life members and organizations can help understand hazing incidents at your school. If a hazing incident has happened, the students should know their reporting rights and if they feel comfortable talking to you, the student can discuss the case with you. From here it is your responsibility and right to understand the situation and the reporting options. Be clear with the student, discuss the retaliation policy, discuss the reporting policy, and how this affects the organization and the student. The link attached to this recommendation is the hazing incident reporting form, as a GLC one should be aware of this form, the resources connected to this form, and how the reporting process follow after this form is filled out.
https://www.angelo.edu/org/greek_life/parent-information/hazing-statement-statistics/