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•Data is entered in a computer through various kinds of input methods . Based on the data , a computer decides with a set of rules stores in its own memory what to do with the entered data.

•Whatever happens with the entered information is called processing. Different types of data result in different types of outputs.

•A computer gets an input through components like a mouse , keyboard, camera, this input is then processed through a program based on its instructions.

•Output is usually presented on devices like a monitor , a speaker or a printer.

•Computers usually consist of three major components. A Central Processing unit , memory and input/output.
(Quora, 2020)

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Computers are simply machines that simply the work we humans do.

Different types of programs allow computers to perform a wide range of tasks using a set of pre defined instructions.

From large industries to small supermarkets, computers are used to control, monitor, store, edit, create, delete data . For instance , in an automotive industry a computer is used to operate machinery that requires precision and long hours. Whereas in a supermarket a computer is used for product pricing and monitoring activities.

•Different types of computers are used to perform different tasks according to the requirements set by the user.  General purpose computers maybe used for writing/editing software and documents where as a supercomputer maybe used in difficult tasks such as weather forecasting and oil/gas exploration.
(prezi.com, 2020)

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•First generation computers used vacuum tubes as basic memory and circuitry elements for the CPU (Central Processing Unit).

•Unlike electric lamps, these tubes produced a lot of heat and the devices used to fuse frequently. Thus they were very costly and only large organizations could afford it.

•Punch cards, paper tapes and magnetic tape were used as input output devices.

•The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.

Some examples:-

•ENIAC (Electronic Numeric Integrated And Calculator)

•IBM-701

•IBM-650
(Tutorialspoint.com, n.d.)

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                                       What are computers and what do they do ?

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                                       What are computers and what do they do ?

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                                               What do computers do ? 

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                                               What do computers do ? 

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                               First Generation Computers (1940-1956)

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                               First Generation Computers (1940-1956)

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1st Electronic Computer was made by J.P Eckert and J.W.Mauchy and named as ENIAC

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                               Second Generation Computers(1956-1963)

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                               Second Generation Computers(1956-1963)

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In second generation computers, transistors were used which are quite cheaper and reliable than 1st generation computers.

Magnetic cores were being used as primary memory and for secondary storage magnetic tape and magnetic.

This generation computers use assembly language programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used.

Some Examples:-

•IBM 1620

•IBM 7094

•CDC 1604

(Tutorialspoint.com, n.d.)

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                                 Third Generation Computers (1963-1971)

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                                 Third Generation Computers (1963-1971)

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Third generation computers used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. In addition to the related circuitry, a single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors. This type of computer was rather smaller in size, reliable and efficient.

For inputting some information mouse and keyboard are used instead of punch cards,

They used an operating system for better resource management and used the concept of time-sharing and multiple programming.

Some Examples:-

•IBM-360 series

•Honeywell-6000 series

•PDP (Personal Data Processor)
(Tutorialspoint.com, n.d.)

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Transistors are made up of silicon and are quite cheap to buy.

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                                    Fourth generation computers(1971-1980)

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                                    Fourth generation computers(1971-1980)

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This generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits which consists of about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a single chip.

This computer is more powerful, reliable, compact and affordable, this also gave a rise to PC (Personal Computer) revolution. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.

Some Example:-

•DEC 10

•STAR 1000

•PDP 11

•CRAY-1(Super Computer)

•CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
(Tutorialspoint.com, n.d.)

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                                     Fifth Generation Computers (1980-till date)

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                                     Fifth Generation Computers (1980-till date)

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This generation uses AI (Artificial Intelligence) software and parallel processing.

AI is an evolving branch of computer science that interprets how machines think like humans.

This generations mostly uses high level languages for easy and better understanding and uses less of low level languages. It provides computers with more user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features.

Some Examples:-

•Desktop

•Laptop

•NoteBook

•UltraBook

•ChromeBook
(Tutorialspoint.com, n.d.)

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                                                                                                                                                                                        Types Of Computer Systems

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                                                                                                                                                                                        Types Of Computer Systems

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An analog computer is a computer which is used to process analog data.Analog computers are excellent for situations which require data to be measured directly without converting into numerals or codes.
We feed in the required information and the analog computer gives out solution to the relevant equations. They were complex, quirky machines, requiring specially trained personnel to understand and run them
(Tsividis, 2017)

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Digital computer is most commonly used type of computer. A computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented as digit, usually in the binary number system. It is used for processing data represented by discrete, localized physical signals, as the presence or absence of electric current.
(Lee, Sunggu,2000)

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A hybrid computer is a computing system that combines both digital and analog components.Traditionally, the analog components of the computer handle complex mathematical computations. The digital components take care of logical and numerical operations, in addition to serving as the controller for the system.
(Definitions and Hope, 2019)

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                                            BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER

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                                            BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER

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                                            1st Generation Computer

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                                            1st Generation Computer

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                                                  Hybrid Computer

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                                                  Hybrid Computer

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* Introduction about Computers

* What Does a computer do?
* Block Diagram of a computer

* History About computers

* Types of Computer Systems

* Conclusion

* References

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                                                                                                                                                                                HISTORY OF COMPUTERS                                      

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                                                                                                                                                                                HISTORY OF COMPUTERS                                      

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                                              2nd generation computer

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                                              2nd generation computer

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                                      3rd Generation Computers

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                                      3rd Generation Computers

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                                          4th generation computer

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                                          4th generation computer

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                                   5th generation computer

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                                   5th generation computer

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                                     Digital Computer

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                                     Digital Computer

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                                  Analog Computer

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                                  Analog Computer

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•Tsividis, Y. (2017). Not Your Father’s Analog Computer. [online] IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. Available at: https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/not-your-fathers-analog-computer [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].

•Cooney, M. (2012). ENIAC, world's first digital computer, turns 66. [image] Available at: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2291664/eniac--world-s-first-digital-computer--turns-66.html [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].

•Lee, Sunggu. Design of Computers and Other Complex Digital Devices. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.

•Definitions, H. and Hope, C. (2019). What is a Hybrid Computer?. [online] Computerhope.com. Available at: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/hybridco.htm [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].
•Tutorialspoint.com. (n.d.). Computer - First Generation - Tutorialspoint. [online] Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_first_generation.htm [Accessed 16 Feb. 2020].

•Anon, (2020). [image] Available at: https://www.tutorialandexample.com/block-diagram-of-a-computer/ [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].

•prezi.com. (2020). Why do computers exist?. [online] Available at: https://prezi.com/tgyryqend9ui/why-do-computers-exist/ [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].

•Quora. (2020). How computers came into existence. [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/How-did-computers-came-to-existence/answer/Naman-Banati?ch=3&share=bd11b138&srid=23nmn [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].