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We chose this research question because we wanted to check soil pollution in our poviat.
Many people are focused  about water and air, forgetting about the soil. That's why we wanted to prove that it's an important element of nature.
We chose three places: the first in the country side, next to the store; the second near the forest, away from industry and the third in the city, in a private area.
We tried to do tests at a similar time and on set days.

Objectives set: Checking soil pollution in areas with more industry and far away from industry.
Conclusions: Soil pollution is very low
Results: Soil pH was 6-8, good acidity
Next steps: We should continue the research longer than 3 days. Study the content of microelements in soil.

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More and more people are moving to the city and with this comes a great increase in production of greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants in denser areas. When looking at the differences between Rotterdam, Buzet and Nysa we see that the degree of urbanization differs a lot with Rotterdam (620,000 inhabitants) being the largest city with a busy city center and an extraordinary big port, where Nysa (365,000 inhabitants) is less urbanized but has some forms of industrialization and finally Buzet (2,000 inhabitants) which has the least urbanization and infrastructure of the three. In this research project the relation between urbanization and ground pollution is explored by looking at pH levels at different locations and their location compared to a city or other inhabited area. It is expected that there is more ground acidification (thus a lower PH value) in areas with more urbanization compared to areas with less urbanization, thus further away from city center and more sparsely populated . To measure these differences, three different types of areas (two in Croatia) were investigated in the different countries: The Netherlands (Rotterdam), Croatia (Buzet) and Poland (Nysa). In all countries an area of industry was investigated to look at the effect of industry on pH in relation to urbanization as well as an area with a relatively dense population (urbanized) and one with a relatively sparse population (rural) to emphasise the differences between the different locations and countries. In Rotterdam and Buzet the researching students used an electronic pH meter connected to a laptop to get an accurate representation of pH levels in measured soil and in Nysa a pH liquid measuring test was used. The findings were put into graphs showcasing pH values in relation to: Distance from urbanized areas, Rainfall on measurement days, and specific temperatures on those dates.

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It is expected that there is more ground pollution in areas with more industry compared to areas with less industry.

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To test the hypothesis, we checked soil pH in 3 different places looking at their distance from industry.
Polish group:  Sandra Adamczyk, Julia Stankiewicz, Klaudia Majchrzak
Croatian group: Morris, Quinn
Dutch group: Ivan Crnac, Donat Prodan

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1)Items used for research in Poland

1. Soil acid meter

2. Teaspoon

3. Scale indicator

2)Example of performing tests (2nd place 18.12.2019 16:04)

1. Put a little bit of soil into the holes and knead

2. Add solution

3. After 3 minutes, pour the liquid into the smaller cavity.

4. Compare the color of the liquid with the scale indicator

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PERSONAL DESCRIPTION:
I went for tests from 11 to 13 December, always at the same time, i.e. at 16, of course, in Mańkowice near the store, about half a kilometer from my home. I chose this place because there are a lot of cars passing by and I thought that soil pollution would be greater than in the garden, however, research showed that the soil is good there. Humidity for 3 days ranged from 54% to 62%.

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PERSONAL DESCRIPTION:

I did research for 3 days (15/12/2019, 17/12/2019, 18/12/2019). I chose a place away from industry (it was an area near the river, forest and field) because I wanted to check the soil condition. I expected good results. I did my research in the afternoon after school. During the research, I realized that many cars cross a forest road. However, the results weren't bad, the pH was 6-7. The humidity for 3 days ranged from 60% to 70%

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PERSONAL DESCRIPTION:
I started the measurements on 1st of January and I ended on 3rd of January , at 16:46 ,17:54 and 15:19 o’clock , in Nysa in my garden . I chose this place because I wanted to check how much the soil was polluted in my garden. The research showed that the soil wasn’t that much polluted as I expected. The humidity for 3 days ranged from 76% to 80%.

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Despite our assumptions, the measurements showed that the soil is really good in places where we took them.Most plants like soil pH from slightly acidic to neutral, which is determined by a pH value of 6.0-7.0 (our research showed 6.0-8.0).
We were expecting that the fumes were influenced on the quality of soil. There are a lot of different ways to check correctness of measurements out . For example explore type of soil by smudging it in the fingers. The measurements like this are carried out by the farmers . It’s an easy way to check her consistency.

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Soil reactions slightly acidic or neutral

Most plants that grow in gardens grow in slightly acidic or neutral soil.

Alkaline soil reactions

Some plants prefer alkaline or calcareous soilsplant.0-8.0), but most of them are usually tolerant and also grow well on soils with a pH of 6.0-7.0

Acid soil reaction

Acidic soils (pH 5.0-6.0) need: hydrangeas and magnolias

And very acidic soils (pH 4.0-5.5): azaleas, blueberries

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Errors are possible in research because of human activity (littering, driving)

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We compared our research with research done in Poland.
Nysa's poviat has better results than the average results of Opole.

Most soils in Poland have a pH range of 3.0-8.5. Acid soils predominate. More than 50% of soils are acidic and very acidic soils, they are used in agriculture.
The reaction of Polish soils based on the research of the "Grunt to wiedza" program. The results of the research on the pH of Polish soils, compares that the majority of Polish soils should be used in limed. Immediate calcium fertilization requires 40% of all arable land to raise the pH.

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GLOBE:
*https://www.globe.gov/get-trained/protocol-etraining/etraining-modules/16867724/12276
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
*https://vis.globe.gov/GLOBE/?site_id=113696
OTHER WEBSITES:
*https://www.cropnutrition.com/efu-soil-ph
*https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Soil-acidity-in-Poland-The-soils-below-pH-45-are-very-acidic-and-soils-with-pH-range_fig1_318016230/amp
*https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_pH

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The project taught us a lot. The work cost us patience, commitment and stress. When the teacher gave us emails of groups from other countries, we wrote to them. Unfortunately, we have waited a long time for an answer from Croats and Dutch. Our teacher in this project gave us a lot of necessary advice to contact with other groups. We had dates to show the results but we still didn't get the numbers to contact the Dutch and Croats in the WhatsApp application. They haven't responded since we sent the first mail, where everyone chose a permanent way of communication. We didn't understand why we have problems with communication. Everyone had a WhatsApp.

Finally everyone was in the group on WhatsApp. We tried to find an agreement, but unfortunately we didn't. We did not discuss many issues, because there was no contact between groups that could be initiated by everyone. You can always blame someone, but you should first have yourself. But for us everyone did something right and wrong. In group 17 there wasn't self-criticism, organization and international cooperation work. The contact was weak. After all, we're proud of us. We first started writing to other groups and tried to stay in touch. However, the project was a new challenge for us, testing ourselves and our possibilities. We already know our mistakes and know how to organize work in similar projects.
Thank you to all the group and also to our teacher- mrs. Wawrzyniak-Rószczka, mrs. Konopnicka and mrs. Bagrowska.
Polish group: Julia Stankiewicz, Sandra Adamczyk and Klaudia Majchrzak.