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Children have the capacity to learn grammar rules at a young age but cannot use it correctly. Children will usually do a trial-and-error process until they are taught the correct way to use grammar.

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Both innatist theory are similar but for second language learners they tend to use similar grammatical rules from their native language to their new language.

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Children learn when the appropriate time to speak is through interactions and observation from the conversations going around them.

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"a natural process that occurs when the target  language is used in meaningful interactions with native speakers." Krashen believes that learning a language can only be done in two ways a formal setting, such as a classroom, or acquisition, acquire from birth. Your native language is a language that you acquire through communication.

Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 66). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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Language learner acquire the rule of their language at an early age due to 'natural order' and that some may acquire at an older age.

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Krasher hypothasis that when doing the formal study of language children develop an "internal grammar editor or monitor" which corrects grammar usage. However, "For a student to use the monitor, three conditions are necessary: sufficient  time, focus on grammatical form, and explicit knowledge of the rules."

Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 66). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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Krashen believes that natural communication is a possible way to understand the target language. However, he adds 3 factors that should be met; the language must be understandable, the grammatical structures must be a bit advance than the current grammatical knowledge of the learner, and must be a frequent/ common language that can be used in communication.

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This hypothesis is for the "affective  or social–emotional variables related to second language acquisition." Krashen believes that due to lack of self-esteem or low self-confidence learners are not able to comprehend/ acquire new language.

Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 67). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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Children are learning to speak and associate meanings of word and action through their eyes and their parent's teachings.

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"children  learned their first language through stimulus, response, and reinforcement as well, postulating imitation and association as essential processes."
Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 60). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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All right, the behavioral theory is what we're going to be talking about next. And the behavioral theory says that personality is a result of the interaction between an individual and their environment. So here's our person. And then, this is the environment. Whether it's society-- We'll draw a few houses here. There you go. You get the picture. So basically, what I've drawn here is one island, and another island, and a bridge connecting both. And you'll see why did that in a second. OK, so the behavioral theory says that we interact with our environment. And it's also focused on observable and measurable behavior, rather than mental or emotional behaviors. So there are different types of behaviors. And different theories focus more on one type of behavior over the other. So when looking at this, if this is the behavioral theory-- is this island right here. I guess we can say the psychoanalytic theory over here would be the most opposite because this theory focuses on the mental behavior rather than observable behavior. And behavioral theorists don't care for theories that take thoughts and feelings into account. So let's talk about two important theorists of the behavioral theory, and the first is Skinner. So Skinner was a strict behaviorist. And he's associated with the concept of operant conditioning, which you may have heard of before. So operant conditioning uses rewards and punishments to increase or decrease a behavior. And another behaviorist, Pavlov, who was a Russian physiologist, and he's also considered by many as the father of behaviorism, he's associated with classical conditioning. And he used his famous dog example, the Pavlov Dog Experiment, to show what classical conditioning was. It basically places a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus to trigger an involuntary response. So in the case of the dogs, ringing a bell in the presence of food is what caused the dogs to begin salivating. It triggered that involuntary response. So these theorists, Skinner and Pavlov, believed that the environment determines the behavior. So that's why I put ourselves in our environment. We're shaped by the environment. And people have consistent behavior patterns because we have particular kinds of response tendencies. But these responses can change if we encountering new situations. And that's why our personality develops over our entire lifespan. It's constantly evolving and changing. Now, what is this bridge in the middle connecting one extreme of behaviorism to the other, the mental approach to the behavioral approach? Now, it's not to say one is right over the other. They're just two different approaches of personality. OK, so back to this, the bridge. The bridge the middle is what we're going to call the cognitive theory. And the cognitive theory is considered a bridge between classic behaviorism and other theories that emphasize thinking and behavior, such as the psychoanalytic theory. And it's because the cognitive theory treats thinking as a behavior and has much in common with the behavioral theory. So Albert Bandura combines the concepts of observing, thinking, and behaving in the social cognitive theory, which we'll take a look at next.

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Behavioral theory (video) | Behavior | Khan Academy

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All right, the behavioral theory is what we're going to be talking about next. And the behavioral theory says that personality is a result of the interaction between an individual and their environment. So here's our person. And then, this is the environment. Whether it's society-- We'll draw a few houses here.

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2) INNATISM: IT'S ALL IN YOUR MINDChomsky (1959) argues that behaviorism cannot provide sufficient explanations for children's language acquisition...

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"infants universally possess an innate “grammar template,” or universal grammar, which will allow them to select the many grammatical rules  of the language they hear spoken around them, as they gradually construct the  grammar of their mother tongue."
Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 61). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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"caregivers generally facilitate children’s vocabulary  development, their ability to use language appropriately in social situations, and  their ability to get things done through language."
Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 63). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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Language Acquisition-- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video.

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Second language learners are taught through audio and repetition to memorize grammar structure and are corrected every time they are using grammar wrong.

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"the processes involved in second or foreign language learning consisted of imitation, repetition, and reinforcement of grammatical structures."
Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 65). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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Behaviorist Theory of Second Language Acquisition

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"English language learners creatively construct  the rules of the second language in a manner similar to that observed in first  language acquisition."
Peregoy, Suzanne F.. Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL (p. 66). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

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Innatist Perspective in Second Language Acquisition 

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Hypothesis Children are born with specific innate ability to discover for themselves the underlying rules of a language system on the basis of the samples of a natural language they are expose to. Universal Grammar The name for the innate mechanism which allows children to