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The founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama, a prince from Nepal who left his perfect life in search of enlightenment. He was believed to live 2,500 years go.
The founder of Judaism is Abraham, whom which God made a covenant with, promising that he'd be the father of a great nation in Isreal. This took place about 6,000 years ago.
Islam was founded by Muhammad, who received a message from the angel Gabriel that there is only one true God. However, Islam was truly founded in 622 C.E., the year of the Hijra, the Journey to Medina.

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Buddhist believe in reincarnation, when your soul goes from one body to another, a rebirth. This cycle of birth, death and rebirth is infinite.  Karma is the actions you take in your life, more specifically how they will affect you in the next life. The actions you take in this life will depend how good your next life is, for example it determines if you are a human or an animal, a king or a servant.They believe that you can also reach enlightenment, or a true understanding of the universe. This true understanding is called Nirvana. In order to reach Nirvana, you must take the Middle Way, no indulgence and no starvation, you must take care of your body as if it is strings on an instrument, if you tune the strings too tight, the strings will break.
Because Buddhists believe in reincarnation, sacrifices are prohibited. Also, Buddhists mediate daily and go to Temples. Buddhists have ceremonies for life and death, because they value both very much.

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Jews are monotheistic, which means they believe in one God. They believe that this one God is the true God. They also believe that you can sin, and if you don't repent your sins, you will go to Hell. Unlike Christians, they believe that Jesus is only a prophet, and not the son of god. They also believe in the prophets Abraham and Moses, Abraham being the father of Isaac, which all Jews descend from, and Moses freeing the Hebrew people from slavery and giving us the Ten Commandments.They also believe that Israel (more specifically, the city of Jerusalem) is the Holy Land.
Some Jewish practices are that they are Kosher, which means no shellfish and no dairy and meat together. They also go to Temple on Saturday, which is the Shabbos, the day of rest. Jews pray, and celebrate specific holidays such as Sukkot, Passover, and Shavuot from the Torah to thank God for the food/harvest. These holidays are on the lunar calender, which revolves around the moon, instead of the sun.

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Muslims are also monotheistic, they believe in "the one true God". They also believe in the prophets Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, but they believe there was one, final prophet named Muhammad. It is said in the Qu'ran that the angel Gabriel came to Muhammad and told him that there is only one true God. They believe in sin, and the idea that if you sin you will be sent to Hell. They also believe that the Kaaba, an ancient stone structure, was created by Abraham or by other people to worship the false gods.
Some practices of Islam can be seen in the Five Pillars of Islam, which includes (1) knowing there is only one God, called Allah, and that Muhammad is his final prophet, (2) you must give a percentage of your weekly earnings, 2.5% to 15% to those of the Islamic faith in need, called Zakat, (3) you must fast during the month of Ramadan from sunrise to sunset, (4) you must pray  five times a day, facing Mecca and the Kaaba, reciting the Qu'ran, (5) you must make a journey to Mecca, regardless of where you are on Earth.

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link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A463063173/SUIC?u=nysl_ca_nisk&xid=0de1b9ec

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"...There's no hotels, there's no shops. There's just tents, and people don their white clothing. ... Every pilgrim is supposed to be there, all 2 million people on the same day, at the same time, in a barren desert, with the heat pouring down on our faces. And the goal is to, in the most sincere way possible, have a conversation with God and confess your sins -- the sins of your past, of your college days, all your sins. And on that day, every individual will be forgiven for their sins. And this is, I think according to many scholars, the climax of hajj"

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Buddhists follow the Tripitaka, which has the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
Jews have the Hebrew Bible, which includes the Torah (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), the Nevi'im and the Ketuvim.
The holy book of Muslims is the Qu'ran, which contains the Five Pillars of Islam.

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I feel the article represents basic Islamic beliefs and practices because it shows the importance of the pilgrimage to Mecca to Muslims. It shows how people of that faith, millions, will go and they will strip down of everything and only wear ihram (for men), in order to be closer to God and repent for their sins. This idea that everybody wears the same thing truly enforces the idea that they are all equal under God, and that they are God's children, who need to worship Him. They also chant "I am here, O, my God, I am here." , which to me represents how much they value prayer and communicating to Allah, which is part of the Five Pillars of Islam.