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According to article: "Talking about Detective Fiction" by PD James

- Armchair detective because he literally sits on the chair and interview peoples.

Rules  according to Ronald Knox
- Criminals must be mentioned in the beginning
- Reader cannot know the thoughts of the criminals
- no supernatural elements
- not more than one secret room passage
- no undiscovered poison
- No chinamen (smart wizard type)
- No accident should help the deceptive advance in the investigation or solve the crime
- A detective is not allowed an unaccountable intuition

-Detective cannot commit the crime

-Clues must be laid out fairly
-No Watson types, though most stories have detective bouncing ideas off someone else.
- NO twin brothers or doubles

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"they added some extra clues to confuse the case- a pipe cleaner, a lady's handkerchief, a woman in a red dressing gown"(80) made assumptions about certain things but proved them in the end  "another excellent guess" (77) Det demonstrated that he knew what was really going on but still wanted his first solution to be the one picked"M. Bouc and Dr. Constantine here to judge which is the right one" (79) they end up picking the first solutionto conclude, the set proved to everyone that he is capable of solving the crime, although he believes that Ratchet deserved to dietherefore he chose to tell the police his first solution rather than the truth and put twelve people in jail At the end we are left with a question? A question that all detective fiction stories are left with. Was justice served or not? We do believe that justice has been served because the murderer committed a horrendous crime where it affected many even to the degree that the mother of the victim committed suicide.

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The Investigation (interviews with the 12 people)

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The Investigation (interviews with the 12 people)

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Investigation clues

“they were all guilty. It was impossible that so many people connected with the Armstrong’s were traveling on the train by chance.” (80)

“he was, I am sure, a cruel and dangerous man. I have no reason for this opinion, M. Poirot, but I feel it very strongly.” (70)
possible suspect #1 because he really didn’t think wisely of Ratchett – didn’t like him.

“no one left the the carriage through this window – although perhaps the murderer wanted us to think that he did.” (70)
possible fake clues murderer left behind

“the watch, the pipe cleaner, the handkerchief. They are not false clues here left to confuse us? I am only sure of two clues – the match and the burnt paper.” (72)

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R12 knife wounds

-burn't paper

-matches

-pipe cleaner (red-herring)

-handkerchief (red-herring)

-empty glass

-broken watch (red-herring)

-valerian (poison)

-the unbolted door

-anonymous letters

-dressing gown (red-herring)

"They added some extra clues to confuse the case - a pipe cleaner, a lady's handkerchief, a woman in a red dressing gown. " (80) RED-HERRINGS
atchet was stabbed 12 times

The doors were locked from the inside trying to make it look like they left through the window (red herring)

M bouc says that "All around us are people, of all classes, of all nationalities, of all ages." This make poirot think and put together that everyone except hardman is connected to the Armstrong family

He received letters in twelve different hand writing

Only a few of the stab wounds were done by a man and the rest aren't as strong

The window was unlocked but there were no tracks

The watch was dented and and stopped working at 1:15 and he was alive at 12:37 - red herring

Poirot used a hat box and a match to find out what was written on the burnt paper it says "member little daisy Armstrong"

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'Mr. Ratchett, I have made enough money to satisfy both my needs and my caprices. I take only such cases now as interest me, and to be frank, my interest in your case is, uh... dwindling.'

'You do not understand,' he said. 'You do not understand at all.'

'I have known for some time' Poirot acting like he knows everything

'If all these people are not implicated in the crime, then why have they all told me, under interrogation, stupid and often unnecessary lies? Why? Why? Why? Why'? One again being arrogant

'We have solved the case. My work here is done' to shows how Poirot in intelligent.

"well my friend,' smiled M. Bouc at Poirot, "another excellent guess!" shows how he originally guesses but then tries to prove it.

"You do not understand," he said. "You do not understand at all." he is arrogant. He sort of believes himself above the others.

"I have known for some time" Poirot is confident and arrogant but he still waits until his guess is factual before saying anything

" You have thought of everything" said the Princess.

" It was immediately clear to me that many of you were lying" he is a very good detective, he pays very close attention to detail.

"Then,' said Poirot, "we have solved the case. My work here is done" (shows that he does not give up. He has a conscious he doesn't just solve a case to solve it. He makes sure justice is served

Poirot is blunt. He rather not engage in non-sensical conversation. He is also sensitive to stereotypes. (from the movie)

Poirot has a method; He interviews the suspects. (Arm chair detective)

"One last thing?" He gets suspects to think they are off the hook and then he asks them one more thing.

Poirot uses a lady's hat box to find out what the burnt paper says (he uses a new scientific way to do it)

Poirot tries to find what the true facts are by tricking the suspects with certain questions he asks.

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1.     Murder occurs

_ "and now a passenger lies murdered in his bed"

2.     Many suspects who are hiding something.

_ "it was impossible that so many people connected with the Armstrongs were travelling on the same train by chance".

3.     A sleuth discovers shocking twists where the least likely suspect is guilty of the crime

_ "there were 12 passenger, after Ratchett's death. There were twelve knife wounds in Ratchett's body. In America, murder cases are decided by a group of twelve ordinary people."

4.     All the suspect are gather together in one room and sleuth ecplain how he came to the conclusion, dramatically announcing who the killer is.

_ "'Do you know who kill Ratchett?''Oh, yes,'Poirot said. 'I have known for some time.' Poirot was scilent for a minute. Then he said, 'Mr. Bouc, could you please call everyone here. There are two possible solutions to this case.'"