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Facts about Quartz | SciencewithKids.com

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Learn some new quartz facts for kids. Find out the types of quartz and how quartz is used.> <meta name=keywords content=

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Chem4Kids.com: Copper: General Info and Everyday Items

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Chem4Kids.com! Copper discovery, atomic structure, and location information. There are also tutorials on the first thirty-six elements of the periodic table.

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Chem4Kids.com: Aluminum: General Info and Everyday Items

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Chem4Kids.com! Aluminum discovery, atomic structure, and location information. There are also tutorials on the first thirty-six elements of the periodic table.

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Gold Facts

Check out these amazing gold facts, uses and properties. Gold has long been a symbol of wealth in the form of expensive jewelry, coins and various works of art. It also features incredible characteristics from a scientific point of view.

Learn more about this famous metal and its unique atom structure by enjoying our interesting facts about gold.

Gold is a chemical element. Its chemical symbol is Au and its atomic number is 79.

Compared to other metals, gold is less chemically reactive.

Gold is a good conductor of electricity and heat.

Gold is shiny, soft and dense. It is also malleable, which means it can easily be beaten into thin sheets or other shapes.

Gold is malleable enough for just 1 gram to be hammered into a sheet 1 square meter in size. It can also be made so thin that it appears transparent.

Due to a similar appearance to gold, the mineral pyrite has the nickname fool's gold.

The amount of gold in various alloys (a combination of gold and another metal such as silver) is measured in carats (k). Pure gold is 24k.

As of 2009, it has been estimated that humans have mined around 160000 tonnes of gold.

Over the last 100 years South Africa has been the biggest producer of gold. In recent times however it has been surpassed by China.

As of 2009, the USA has 8133 tonnes of gold reserves while Canada only has 3.

Throughout history gold has often been seen as a symbol of wealth.

Gold is the most popular precious metal for investments.

The price of gold continually fluctuates and is often linked to major economic events.

There is a monetary system called the 'gold standard' which fixes a unit of money to a certain weight of gold.

Over the years gold has been used to create expensive jewelry, coins and various forms of art such as the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun's famous burial mask. In modern times it has also been used for things such as electronics and dentistry.

Injectable gold has been proven to help reduce pain and swelling in patients suffering from tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Gold is a popular choice when it comes to rewarding achievement with medals, statues and trophies. Academy Award, Olympic and Nobel Prize winners all receive golden items in recognition of their achievement.

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Gold Facts - Uses, Properties, Atom, Structure, Jewelry, Price, Element Au, 24k, Coins

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Gold Facts Check out these amazing gold facts, uses and properties. Gold has long been a symbol of wealth in the form of expensive jewelry, coins and various works of art. It also features incredible characteristics from a scientific point of view.

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Symbol: Au

Atomic Number: 79

Atomic Weight: 196.966

Classification: Transition metal

Phase at Room Temperature: Solid

Density: 19.282 grams per cm cubed

Melting Point: 1064°C, 1947°F

Boiling Point: 2856°C, 5173°F

Discovered by: Known about since ancient times

Gold is the third element in the eleventh column of the periodic table. It is classified as a transition metal. Gold atoms have 79 electrons and 79 protons with 118 neutrons in the most abundant isotope.

Characteristics and Properties

Under standard conditions gold is a shiny yellowmetal. It is very dense and heavy, but also fairly soft. Gold is the most malleable of the metals meaning that it can be pounded into a very thin sheet. It is also one of the most ductile metals and can be easily stretched into a long wire.

Gold is more than just a beautiful metal. It is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. It is also one of the most resistant metals to corrosion and rust when exposed to air and water.

Where is it found on Earth?

Gold is an extremely rare element on Earth. Because it doesn't react with very many other elements, it is often found in its native form in the Earth's crust or mixed with other metals like silver. It can be found in veins underground or in small fragments in sandy riverbeds.

Gold is also found in ocean water. However, the process for retrieving gold from ocean water costs more than the gold itself.

How is gold used today?

Gold has been used for thousands of years to make jewelry and coins. Today it is still used for jewelry and for some collector's edition coins. Gold is also considered an important and reliable investment.

When gold is used as jewelry or for coins, it is generally not pure gold. Pure gold is called 24 karat gold and it is very soft. Generally gold is alloyed with other metals such as copper or silver in order to make it harder and more durable.

Gold is used a lot in the electronics industry because of its good electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion. Many electrical contacts and connectors are plated with gold for protection and reliability.

Other applications for gold include heat shielding, dental work, cancer treatment, and decoration such as gold thread and gold plating.

How was it discovered?

Gold has been known about since ancient times. Civilizations such asAncient Egypt used gold over 5000 years ago. It has long been a substance of value and wealth.

Where did gold get its name?

Gold gets its name from the Anglo-Saxon word "geolo" for yellow. The symbol Au comes from the Latin word for gold, "aurum."

Isotopes

Gold has only one naturally occurring stable isotope: gold-197.

Interesting Facts about Gold

A single ounce of gold can be pounded into a sheet 300 feet wide by 300 feet long. That's bigger than a football field! That same ounce can form a wire nearly 100 kilometers long.

South Africa used to be the largest supplier of the world's gold, but today China and Australia produce the most gold.

Gold flakes were sometimes sprinkled on the food of the wealthy during the Middle Ages.

Many people traveled to California during the Gold Rush in the late 1840s when gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill.

Gold can be pounded thin enough to allow light to shine through.

If all the gold ever discovered by man was melted down it would form a cube with sides of about 25 meters each.

More on the Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements
Periodic Table

More Chemistry Subjects

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Symbol: Au Atomic Number: 79 Atomic Weight: 196.966 Classification: Transition metal Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Density: 19.282 grams per cm cubed Melting Point: 1064°C, 1947°F Boiling Point: 2856°C, 5173°F Discovered by: Known about since ancient times Gold is the third element in the eleventh column of the periodic table.

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Introduction: Gold, a transition element is the third element in the 11th column of periodic table. It has an atomic number of 79 and its symbol is Au. The Latin world for gold is 'Aurum', which explains the symbol. It has a melting point of 1064°C and a boiling point of 2856°C.

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Facts About Gold | Science with Kids.com

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Learn facts about the metal element, gold. Learn some facts about when gold was discovered and how gold is used today. These gold facts are excellent for teaching kids about gold.

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Gold is a soft, heavy, shiny metal. It has been used for many thousands of years by people all over the world, for jewelry, decoration, and as money. Gold is important because it is rare, but also easier to use than other rare metals.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Symbol: Cu

Atomic Number: 29

Atomic Weight: 63.546

Classification: Transition metal

Phase at Room Temperature: Solid

Density: 8.96 grams per cm cubed

Melting Point: 1084°C, 1984°F

Boiling Point: 2562°C, 4644°F

Discovered by: Known about since ancient times

Copper is the first element in the eleventh column of the periodic table. It is classified as a transition metal. Copper atoms have 29 electrons and 29 protons with 34 neutrons in the most abundant isotope. Copper was one of the first metals to be used by man.

Characteristics and Properties

Under standard conditions copper is a soft orange-colored metal. It is an excellentconductor of electricity and heat. It is also very ductile allowing it to be easily bent and stretched into a wire.

Copper is not a very reactive element, but it will react slowly to air and water. When exposed to air, it will eventually tarnish to a brownish color. If water is also present, it will corrode to form a green carbonate called verdigris. This is what makes theStatue of Liberty green.

Where is copper found on Earth?

Copper is found in the Earth's crust. Because copper is slow to react, it is often found in its pure form. This was how many ancient cultures were able to take advantage of the metal. Today, most copper is extracted from minerals such as copper sulfides or copper carbonates.

The world-wide demand for copper has increased dramatically in recent years. This has caused an increase in the price of copper. Fortunately, copper is 100% recyclable and large percentage of copper each year comes from recycling. The number one producer of mined copper isChile who produces around 33% of the world's mined copper.

How is copper used today?

Copper is used mostly in its metal form. About 60% of the copper produced is used for electrical wiring and cable. Copper is an excellent material for wiring because of its electrical conductivity, ductility, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, and tensile strength.

Copper is also used in plumbing, roofing, industrial machinery, integrated circuits (computer chips), cookware, coins, and electric motors. Around 5% of copper is used to make metal alloys such as brass (mixed with zinc) and bronze (mixed with tin).

How much copper is in a penny?

We often think of the U.S. penny as being made of copper. This is true for pennies made before 1982 when they were 95% copper and 5% zinc. Since 1982, pennies have been made from 97.5% zinc and 2.4% copper. This is because the copper was worth more than the penny.

How was it discovered?

Copper has been known about since ancient times as far back as 10,000 years ago. People first began to smelt copper from ore around 5,000 BC. The Copper Age lasted up until the Bronze Age about 3600 BC when people learned that by mixing tin with copper they could make the harder metal bronze.

Where did copper get its name?

The name comes from the word "Cuprum", which is the Latin name for the island of Cyprus. Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea where the Romans mined much of their copper. This is where the symbol Cu also comes from.

Isotopes

Copper has two stable isotopes that make up naturally occurring copper: copper-63 and copper-65.

Interesting Facts about Copper

Silver is the only element with a higher electrical conductivity than copper.

It is one of the few metals that is not gray or silver in color. The others are gold (yellow), cesium (yellow), and osmium (blue).

The compound copper sulfide is used to kill fungi and algae in rivers and ponds.

The largest single piece of native copper ever found weighed over 520 tons.

Most copper ore that is mined only contains about 1% of the metal.

More on the Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements
Periodic Table

More Chemistry Subjects

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Symbol: Cu Atomic Number: 29 Atomic Weight: 63.546 Classification: Transition metal Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Density: 8.96 grams per cm cubed Melting Point: 1084°C, 1984°F Boiling Point: 2562°C, 4644°F Discovered by: Known about since ancient times Copper is the first element in the eleventh column of the periodic table.

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Symbol: Al

Atomic Number: 13

Atomic Weight: 26.981

Classification: Post-transition Metal

Phase at Room Temperature: Solid

Density: 2.70 grams per cm cubed

Melting Point: 660.32°C, 1220.58°F

Boiling Point: 2519°C, 4566°F

Discovered by: Hans Orsted in 1825, first isolated by Friedrich Wohler in 1827

Aluminum is the second element in the thirteenth column of the periodic table. It is classified as a post-transition metal and a "poor metal". Aluminum atoms contain 13 electrons and 13 protons. There are 3 valence electrons in the outer shell.

Characteristics and Properties

In standard conditions aluminum is a fairly soft, strong, and lightweight metal. Its color is silvery-gray. Pure aluminum is a very reactive element and is rarely found on Earth in its free form.

Aluminum acts as an excellent conductor ofelectricity and heat, but is non-magnetic. When it is exposed to the air, a thin layer of aluminum oxide is formed on the surface of the metal. This prevents further corrosion and rusting.

Other important characteristics of aluminum include low density (which is only around three times that of water), ductility (which allows it to be stretched into a wire), and malleability (which means it can be easily formed into a thin sheet).

Where is aluminum found on Earth?

Aluminum is the third most abundant element and the most abundant metal found in the Earth's crust. It is generally found on Earth in minerals and compounds such as feldspar, beryl, cryolite, and turquoise.

Extracting aluminum from minerals, however, is very expensive. Fortunately, the ore bauxite contains large amounts of aluminum oxide. Modern processes allow for aluminum to be obtained from bauxite fairly cheaply allowing for the metal to be used in a number of applications.

How is aluminum used today?

Because of its abundance, low cost, and useful qualities, aluminum is used in thousands of products. It is often used as a metal because of its light weight.

Most aluminum metal used in industry is an alloy where aluminum is combined with other elements such as copper, zinc, silicon, and magnesium. Applications for aluminum alloys include soda cans, automobile parts, bicycles, aluminum foil, power lines, siding for houses, and even baseball bats.

Other applications for aluminum compounds includes aluminum sulfate (used for water treatment), aluminum oxide (used in various industrial processes), and aluminum chloride (used in refining petroleum).

How was it discovered?

Danish chemist Hans Christian Orsted first produced a metal he thought was aluminum in 1825 and suggested that it was a new element. Credit is also given to Friedrich Wohler for first isolating the element in 1827.

Where did aluminum get its name?

Aluminum gets its name from the mineral alum, which gets its name from the Latin word "alumen" meaning "bitter salt."

Isotopes

There are a number of aluminum isotopes, but only two occur naturally: aluminum-27 (stable) and aluminum-26 (radioactive). The vast majority of aluminum, over 99%, is aluminum-27.

Interesting Facts about Aluminum

It makes up around 8% of the Earth's crust by weight.

Aluminum is 100% recyclable and maintains the same physical properties after recycling as the original aluminum.

When aluminum reacts with hydrochloric acid, it produces hydrogen gas.

Recycling aluminum takes only around 5% of the energy it takes to extract aluminum from the ore bauxite.

It has no known function in biology.

An alternative spelling often used for the element is "aluminium".

In the mid-1800s aluminum was more expensive than gold.

More on the Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements
Periodic Table

More Chemistry Subjects

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Symbol: Al Atomic Number: 13 Atomic Weight: 26.981 Classification: Post-transition Metal Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Density: 2.70 grams per cm cubed Melting Point: 660.32°C, 1220.58°F Boiling Point: 2519°C, 4566°F Discovered by: Hans Orsted in 1825, first isolated by Friedrich Wohler in 1827 Aluminum is the second element in the thirteenth column of the periodic table.

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Copper is a chemical element. It is the 29th element in the periodic table and has 29 protons. Its mass number is 63.55. It is a transition metal in the middle of the periodic table. The symbol for copper is "Cu", which comes from the Latin word cuprum, which, in turn, came from the Latin word for the island of Cyprus, where copper was found.

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Aluminium Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com

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KidzSearch Safe Wikipedia for Kids. Web Search | Find Images | Search Videos | Wiki | Related Games

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Facts about Aluminum (also known as Aluminium) | Science with Kids.com

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Learn science facts about the metal aluminum, also called aluminium. These facts help teach kids some important ways that aluminum is used and how aluminum is made.

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Introduction: Copper is a transition metal located in the 11th column of the periodic table. Denoted by the symbol Cu, copper was the first metal used by the humankind. It is not very reactive and is found in the crust of the earth in its pure form.

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Copper Facts - Uses, Properties, Element Cu, Coins, Bronze, Brass

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Check out these amazing copper facts, uses and properties. Copper has been used since ancient times and its alloys include brass and bronze. It is used to make coins and is found in many appliances we use everyday.