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Similarities and Differences between Phonological Disorders, Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Typical Speech Development 

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Similarities and Differences between Phonological Disorders, Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Typical Speech Development 

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Similarities

Some speech sound errors that can occur with phonological disorders, childhood apraxia of speech and typical speech development are substitutions, repetitions, and deletions.

Some children can use hand gestures and facial expressions to get there message across if a caregiver or adult does not understand.

Differences

Children can grow out of speech sound errors such as substitutions, repetitions, and deletions, but some may continue to express them.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech is a Neurological Disorder.

Phonological Disorder is a speech sound disorder.

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Speech, Language & Hearing Milestones: 1 to 2 Years - Preview

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Covering children from birth to age five, this one-of-a-kind DVD is full of examples of normal speech, language, and hearing development ... all " and tips on when to seek treatment from speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Ideal for all practice settings and a great way to educate and inform parents, teachers, health care providers, and other professionals.

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Apraxia Kids. A Comparison of Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Dysarthria, and

Severe Phonological Disorder. Sep. 27, 2017 Retrieved from: https://www.apraxiakids.org/library/a-comparison-of-childhood-apraxia-of-speech-dysarthria-and-severe-phonological-disorder/

How Does Your Child Hear and Talk? Speech, Language, and Hearing Developmental Milestones From Birth to 5 Years. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2017, from http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/chart/

Speech Sound Disorders: Articulation and Phonology: Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2017, from http://www.asha.org/PRPSpecificTopic.aspx?folderid=8589935321§ion=Overview

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s69r5o7mfMk

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Phonological Disorder is a speech disorder.

Difficulty learning and acquiring language.

Phonological disorders are said to be the most prevalent pediatric communication disability

Pronunciation errors

Children with a phonological disorder may have difficulties forming social relationships and struggle with academics

Associated with patterns of sounds in speech

Examples would be: Omissions/Deletions - certain sounds are omitted, they leave them out because they don’t see the importance of them. /ʌp/ for cup or /pun/ for spoon. Substitutions: one or more consonant is substituted. /wod/ for road or /dʊd/ for good. Repetitions, where they repeat a strong syllable. /dædæ/ for daddy or /bɑbɑ/ for bottle.

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Some Differences between CAS and Phonological Disorders. 

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Some Differences between CAS and Phonological Disorders. 

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Childhood Apraxia of Speech:

Articulation has some inconsistencies such as one word could be said in different ways.

The number of errors in speech increase as the length of a word or phrase increases.

Receptive language skills are usually better than expressive language skills.

Phonological Disorders:

Consistent errors that can be grouped into categories, such as, stopping and fronting.

The number of errors is usually consistent with the length of a word or phrase increases.

May have some differences between receptive and expressive language.

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Some Similarities between CAS and Phonological Disorder 

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Some Similarities between CAS and Phonological Disorder 

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When involving the muscles, there are no weaknesses, incoordination or paralysis.

When swallowing or chewing there are no difficulties in involuntary motor control.

Substitutions, omissions and repetitions are possible errors.

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Childhood Apraxia of Speech is a motor speech disorder.

Difficulty saying sounds, syllables, and words.

The brain has issues planning the articulators involved for speech. The child knows what he or she wants to say, but the brain has difficulty planning muscle movements.

Most cases, the cause is unknown.

There are some possible causes: Genetic disorders or syndromes and stroke or brain injury.

Signs and Symptoms may not be present in every child.

Some signs and symptoms include restricted consonant and vowel inventory and severe reduction in connected speech intelligibility.

Examples would be: A child may be able to say the letter /l/ in the word "look" but may have a problem saying the letter /l/ in "balloon", the /l/ may sound like a /n/ or /d/ resulting in "banoon." Another example could also be if a child tries to say "puppy" it might be produced as "buppy" then "bumpy" then "pubba"  having inconsistencies in one word.

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Speech: How we express our thoughts and feelings by verbal expression.

Speech Consists of Articulation, Voice, and Fluency.

Pragmatics are obtained. Children learn things such as turn taking, staying on topic, talking appropriately based on the setting.

From birth to 1 year, the typically developing child will begin cooing and crying for different needs. Babbling sounds that are more like speech will form including phonemes such as p, m, and b around 4-6 months. Long and short groups of babbling will begin to form and the child will begin using gestures.

From 1 year to 2 years, the typically developing child will begin using 2 word utterances and questions.

From 2 to 3 years, the typically developing child will begin using 2-3 word utterances to request things. The child may stutter on words or sounds.

From 3 to 4 years, the typically developing child will begin using around 4 sentences when speaking, telling stories, and talks easily without reduplicating syllables.

From 4 to 5 years, the typically developing child will say all speech sounds in words but still struggle with the more difficult phonemes. The child will be able to talk without repeating syllables or words.