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Economic and Political factors affecting Energy markets in USA 

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Economic and Political factors affecting Energy markets in USA 

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Fundamental economic factors – like supply, demand and changes in fuel used for generation – are relatively predictable, but when you add political and regulatory factors to the mix, as well as financial speculation, forecasting energy prices becomes more challenging.

Addressing climate change effectively will require policy actions by both government and the private sector. However, individuals’ actions matter as well. Individuals’ consumption decisions can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions

There are factors that affect the market :

1. Supply Energy from nuclear, coal, gas, oil and renewable sources reacts quickly in response to demand. Prices fluctuate hourly as a result

2.  Demand for heating, cooling, light and processes varies with activity in the US economy, technology and efficiency measures.

3. Weather Forecasts This is a major factor affecting spot market prices and short-term futures contracts. Whether the forecasts become reality is less critical to longer-term prices.

4. Global Factors Despite the massive growth in shale gas production, major changes in global oil supplies can affect U.S. domestic energy costs.

5. Imports and Exports Global oil and gas prices determine relative profits suppliers can make selling fuels domestically or overseas. All energy prices are connected to some degree.

6. Government Regulation Federal (FERC) and State (PUCs) regulations can change both supply and demand costs quickly and significantly.

7. Financial Speculation Like most other traded commodities, energy prices can be affected significantly by financial speculation, which is the least transparent factor of all.

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Energy consumption in non-renewable resources in USA

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Energy consumption in non-renewable resources in USA

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Domestic energy production is equal to about 91% of U.S. energy consumption.

In 2016, energy produced in the United States was equal to about 83.9 quadrillion Btu, which was equal to about 86% of U.S. energy consumption. The difference between production and consumption was mainly in net imports of petroleum.

Kabeer Mehta

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Energy consumption of non-renewable resources in Afghanistan 

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Energy consumption of non-renewable resources in Afghanistan 

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Only 10-15% of the Afghan population has access to electricity, one of the lowest in the world.
About 3% household are connected to the national grid (About 650.000) - most of them in large cities: Kabul, Mazar-i-Shgarif, Herat, Kandahar, Jalahabad. etc. In Afghanistan the energy generated as of October 2010 was
- Imports 251,4 MW
- Big hydropowers 245 MW
- Diesel generators 132,2 MW
- Thermal power 94 MW
- Solar Energy 0,1 MW
- Wind Energy 0,1 MW
- Small Hydropower 61,4 MW
Mehak Nirh
(www.carnegieedownment.org/files/Presentation_-%20Ashraf.pdf)

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Energy consumption of Renewable resources in United States of America

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Energy consumption of Renewable resources in United States of America

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About 9.9 percent of all energy consumed in the United States in 2015 was from renewable sources, and they account for about 13.4 percent of the nation’s total electricity production.
the United States was the world’s largest consumer of renewable energy from geothermal, solar, wood, wind, and waste for electric power generation producing 22% of the world’s total. In 2015, the distribution of U.S. renewable consumption by source was.

Hydropower 25%

Biomass Wood 21%

Biomass Waste 5%

Biomass Biofuels 22%

Wind 19%

Geothermal 2%

Solar 5%

Sheetal S J

(http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/)

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Energy consumption of Renewable resources in Afghanistan

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Energy consumption of Renewable resources in Afghanistan

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Afghanistan Energy Infrastructure, generation, transmission and distribution were almost destroyed over the past three decades due to the war and conflict.
The availability of power in Afghanistan has improved significantly over the last two years:
‐ 105MW thermal power plant at Tarakhil was commissioned 1388
‐ North Eastern Power System improving power imports from Uzbekistan was commissioned in 2010 and added an extra 550MW capacity to regional grid.
‐ Rehabilitation of Hydro Stations serving Kabul: Naghlu, Sarobi, Mahipar
Due to use of thermal power plants power supply to Kabul has improved dramatically.

- Hydro power potential for Afghanistan is in excess of 23,000 MW (large, medium and micro hydro power plants )
- Solar power potential is best in Southern Afghanistan
- Wind power potential best in the Western Region of Afghanistan.
(https://www.usea.org/sites/default/files/event-file/522/Afghan_Power_Sector_Briefing_June_2011.pdf)

Sheetal S J

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Renewable energy doesn't play a huge role in Afghanistan but recently 220 girls schools were supplied with solar panels that use their energy to power tablets, computers and other forms of e learning.

Kabeer Mehta

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Technological Advances in United States of America

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Technological Advances in United States of America

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The United States of America believes that technological advances will allow them to progress in the economic sector in the developed country that will allow sustainable living. It questions if technological fuel economic revolution -  the new business system of the late nineteenth century through the first sixty years of the twentieth century, was the factory system. This system developed as follows. A set of new technologies emerged — electricity, the internal combustion engine — which were individually significant and collectively trans-formative. These new technologies created potential economic opportunities and in response a new class of entrepreneurs created thousands of new enterprises.

Sheetal S J