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The Renaissance is the cultural movement that caused the rebirth of Europe that started in Italy (specifically Florence) in the 15th century. It then spread to other parts of Europe and marked the beginning of the Modern Age.

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Causes: During the Renaissance humanism (a philosophy that human needs are more important than religion or desires) started. Also during the Renaissance printing became widely accessible.

Effects: Humanism allowed more people to accept the ideas of science and for governments to become more secular. Printing allowed new ideas to be distributed and also allowed music to distributed on a large scale.

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William Shakespeare: Was an English poet and playwright. Some of his best known works include: Hamlet, Mac Beth, Romeo and Juliet, and Midsummer Night's Dream.

Michelangelo:  Was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, poet and engineer who is considered to be one of the greatest artists of all time. Some of his best known works include: David, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the Pieta.

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Harlem Renaissance: Considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts that started in the Harlem neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City during the 1920s.

Carolingian Renaissance: Was the first of three medieval renaissances, a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire during the 8th and 9th centuries. During this period, there was an increase of literature, writing, the arts, and architecture.

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The Protestant Reformation was a schism in Western Christianity (Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism) that was initiated by Martin Luther. It's considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Luther in 1517 and ended after the Thirty Years' War with the Peace of Westphalia (a series of peace treaties) in 1648.

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Causes: The Protestant Reformation led to a schism in Christianity. It also led to a series of religious wars that culminated with the Thirty Years' War.

Effects: People had to choose between Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. It's also estimated that between 3,000,000 and 11,500,000 lost their lives fighting in the Thirty Years' War.

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Major Leaders of The Protestant Reformation

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Major Leaders of The Protestant Reformation

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Martin Luther: A monk from Wittenberg, a German City in the Holy Roman Empire. Taught that women could have direct access to God just as men could, and also believed that women had significant roles in the family. Lutheranism is based off of his theology.

John Calvin: Was a French theologian who broke with the Church in 1530. Calvinism follows his theological tradition and his forms of Christian practice.

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The Great Schism: Also called the East–West Schism was the break between what are now the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches in 1054.

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Major Leaders of The Scientific Revolution

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Major Leaders of The Scientific Revolution