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A fish eye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image. ... The angle of view of a fish eye lens is usually between 100 and 180 degrees while the focal lengths depend on the film format they are designed for.

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Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image. Resolution is sometimes identified by the width and height of the image as well as the total number of pixels in the image.

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This is where the camera makes a best guess on a shot by shot basis. You’ll find it works in many situations but it’s worth venturing out of it for trickier lighting.

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Something that emits light is known as a light source. Light sources can be divided into natural light sources, such as the sun, stars, lightning, and bio luminescence, and artificial light sources, including incandescent lighting, fluorescent lighting, and sodium lamps.

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an exposure system used in some automatic cameras in which the aperture is selected by the user and the appropriate shutter speed is controlled automatically.

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The measurement of the aperture setting in a camera lens. The f-stop setting determines how much light is allowed to enter the lens and pass through to the film or CCD or CMOS sensor. It also determines how much in front of and behind the subject is in focus

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16. The lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures.

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The effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture. Makes photographs visually appealing, forcing us to focus our attention on a particular area of the image. The word comes from Japanese language, which literally translates as “blur”.

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Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. It is not a measurement of the actual length of a lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at the focal plane in the camera. The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity.

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n optics, particularly as it relates to film and photography, depth of field (DOF), also called focus range or effective focus range, is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera (also called a digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film.

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Metadata summarizes basic information about data, which can make finding and working with particular instances of data easier. For example, author, date created and date modified and file size are examples of very basic document metadata.  Having the abilty to filter through that metadata makes it much easier for someone to locate a specific document.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. ... Another advantage of lens-based VR is that a separate algorithm confirms the stabilization effect when you press the shutter release button halfway, giving you the freedom to compose your image more easily.

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Thumbnail is a term used by graphic designers and photographers for a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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Manual mode is one of the main settings on your camera, and it lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. ... The auto modes (Auto, Program), and semi automatic modes (Aperture Priority, and Shutter Priority) on your camera are great places to start.

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Program mode has the camera calculate both shutter speed and aperture (given a manually or automatically selected ISO). ... A or Av: Aperture priority or Aperture value enables manual control of the aperture, and shutter speed is calculated by the camera for proper exposure (given an ISO sensitivity).

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For Softening Backgrounds, use the multi-selector to adjust the aperture using the assist image as a guide to determine how much you want to soften the background. How much a mode affects an image is determined by how much you change the values

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Shutter priority is very similar to aperture priority mode but is the mode where you select a shutter speed and the camera then chooses all of the other settings. You would use this mode where you want to control over shutter speed.

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Auto mode tells your camera to use it’s best judgement to select shutter speed, aperture, ISO, white balance, focus and flash to take the best shot that it can. With some cameras auto mode lets you override flash or change it to red eye reduction. This mode will give you nice results in many shooting conditions, however you need to keep in mind that you’re not telling your camera any extra information about the type of shot you’re taking so it will be ‘guessing’ as to what you want.

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Process that records the glow or visible light given off by certain substances when they are irradiated by ultraviolet rays. This compensates for the ‘cool’ light of fluorescent light and will warm up your shots.

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Not all cameras have this setting because it sets things as fairly ‘normal’ white balance settings

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The flash of a camera can be quite a cool light so in Flash WB mode you’ll find it warms up your shots a touch.

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This setting generally warms things up a touch more than ‘daylight’ mode.

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The light in shade is generally cooler (bluer) than shooting in direct sunlight so this mode will warm things up a little.

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Auto Focus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a "beep," and some of the AF points will light up in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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Bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings. ... Auto-bracketing is automatic bracketing by using a setting on the camera to take several bracketed shots.

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An electronic viewfinder (EVF) is a camera viewfinder where the image captured by the lens is projected electronically onto a miniature display. The image on this display is used to assist in aiming the camera at the scene to be photographed.

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A light meter is a device used to measure the amount of light. ... Typically a light meter will include either digital or analog electronic circuit, which allows the photographer to determine which shutter speed and f-number should be selected for an optimum exposure, given a certain lighting situation and film speed.

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A point-and-shoot camera, also known as compact camera, is a still camera designed primarily for simple operation. Most use focus free lenses or auto focus for focusing, automatic systems for setting the exposure options, and have flash units built in. ... None have lens threads.

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The length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

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This means the camera will keep taking a picture until your finger comes off the shutter button. Bulb mode is mostly used for long exposures at night. The main advantage is that it allows the photographer to achieve shutter speeds longer than the 30 seconds that is allowed on most DSLRs.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, either due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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A tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.

A monopod is a single pole that is used to support a camera.Neither should ever be substituted for the other, and any serious photographer will have both a monopod and a tripod.

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Light painting, or light drawing, is a photographic technique in which exposures are made by moving a hand-held light source while taking a long exposure photograph, either to illuminate a subject or to shine a point of light directly at the camera, or by moving the camera itself during exposure.

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The exposure triangle is a common way of associating the three variables that determine the exposure of a photograph: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. One must balance all three of these to achieve a desired result, an adjustment of one requiring adjustments of at least one of the others.

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Exposure compensation is the control by which you temporarily adjust your camera's definition of what is "properly exposed". Put simpler, it's a way to force the camera to make your photos darker or brighter to the degree that you tell it.

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In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down. This is used mainly when the subject is in successive motion, such as sports photography.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than that used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Post-processing may refer to: Image editing in photography. Audio editing software in audio. Differential GPS post-processing, an enhancement to GPS systems that improves accuracy. Video post-processing, methods used in video processing and 3D graphics.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Unintentional slight movement of a camera during photography or filming, liable to cause blurring of the image.

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panning is to photograph or televise while rotating a camera on its vertical or horizontal axis in order to keep a moving person or object in view or allow the film to record a panorama : to pan from one end of the playing field to the other during the opening of the football game.

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In photography, computing, and colorimetry, a gray scale or grey scale image is one in which the value of each pixel is a single sample representing only an amount of light, that is, it carries only intensity information. ... Gray scale images have many shades of gray in between.

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sepia is a form of photographic print toning ; A tone added to a black and white photograph in the darkroom to “warm” up the tones.

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A range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail.

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.

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A shadow is a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object. It occupies all of the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it. The cross section of a shadow is a two-dimensional silhouette, or a reverse projection of the object blocking the light.