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Persistence of vision - it is that "afterimage" of light or movement, which people see after actual movement. Because of that reason the most important thing in stop motion animation is the frames per second. As long as people see fast changing images (more than 10 per second), people's brain will not work out all coming information and they will see "blurry", and because of that blur Stop Motion Animation style will work correctly - because of people's brains' understanding of movement. All that Stop Motion work is closely connected with science, from the machines (Praxinoscope as example) to science about Persistence of vision. Persistence of vision it is actually what lefts the afterimage and makes your brain think that you saw movement, you actually "imagine" that movement, even if it was not exist.
For good persistent of vision and for good movement at all I need big number of frames per second (frames also can be known as "images") used. If in stop motion movie are less than 10 images/frames per second, in that movie would be lost illusion of movement, and people will not like it, because they cannot get movement and action from it. At least 10 images per second could be enough for good stop motion movement.

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Charles-Émile Reynaud's Praxinoscope is a perfect example of "Persistent of vision". It works with a strip of photographs or pictures.
In Praxinoscope are 12 images, which are moving round and you can see the movement, there is 12 frames (images) per second, and that looks good when you are showing it to the audience, because people see everything blurry and thing named "afterimage" does all finishing work - it makes people "imagine" the last part of the movement, and because of that at the end we can have a final image moving.

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1879, This one is rather unusual but at the same time very detailed and unique.

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File:Emile Reynaud Bande praxinoscope 1.ogv - Wikimedia Commons

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From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository

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1877, The first one shown is a cool abstract full of colour but very bland t the sam time just very basic.

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File:Emile Reynaud Bande praxinoscope 3.ogv - Wikimedia Commons

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From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository

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http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0721526/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm
http://www.victorian-cinema.net/reynaud
Emile Reynaud Bande praxinoscope 3.ogv
http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Optical_Recreations/Praxinoscopes/Praxinoscopes.html
https://chroniclesofanimation.wordpress.com/2013/03/12/charles-emile-reynaud-the-praxinoscope/
http://www.foundationsmag.com/persistence_of_vision.html
http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit11.htm
http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/exhibits/fancy-names-and-fun-toys/praxinoscope/
http://animacam.tv/en/the-beginnings-of-animation-emile-reynaud/
https://kt14185744.weebly.com/blog/praxinoscope-charles-emile-reynaud
http://bavatuesdays.com/understanding-the-praxinoscope/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ez_UJAafRMs

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What gave Charles-Émile Reynaud the idea of the praxinoscope creation?

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What gave Charles-Émile Reynaud the idea of the praxinoscope creation?

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His father was a horologer, and his mother was a cultivated idealist, and because of that at his home always was a lot of different strange items, mysterious objects; his mother always shared with him her views and tried to make her son education and life funner and more interesting. Charles-Émile Reynaud learned how to draw, how to create sculptures and also he had audio-visual lessons, where from he learned most part of "cartoon" art production. After he became a professor of physics, he had an idea how to create machine, which could connect everything he loves - something curious and interesting, something connected with art and something connected wth physics science. The crown of his creation was praxinoscope, machine, which could show one of the first stop motion types.

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What his impact within the start of the stop motion industry?

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What his impact within the start of the stop motion industry?

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The praxinoscope opened whole new world for animation, it actually gave an opportunity to people to watch a cartoons created in stop motion at the big screen, and that gave a lot of opportunities to Stop Motion Animation industry. Some people liked that style of films, some of them didn't but after time Charles-Émile Reynaud had problems with money and he needed to end his work with that item and his own films, but other people still used it and made that style of animation more famous. After few years the praxinoscope was changed by the photographic film projector of the Lumber Brothers.

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He was born in family of watchmaker and schoolteacher, but after his father died he moved from Paris to Puy-en-Velay, and there he became a professor of physics and natural sciences. After time he used all his knowledge of physics to create praxinoscope, that machine, which could show moving pictures instead of real people or fully hand drawn animation. After problems with money and after people began to dislike his film, he threw a lot of his stop motion filming equipment into Seine.

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Praxinoscope? What is it? And how does it work?

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Praxinoscope? What is it? And how does it work?

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The praxinoscope is a animated item created by Charles-Émile Reynaud it shows a strip of pictures on the inside of the praxinoscope.
There is so good structures and big attention to details, and that made the praxinoscope work and work so well. There are moving round pictures, which is actually same at each other, but with small differences, which makes them "alive". They all are placed in rotating drum, and also there are a lot of small vertical mirrors, and when images are moving fast, these mirrors are reflecting that image and it goes through lens to the screen in much bigger size. There "films" are not that long, because praxinoscopes are doing a short movements at one working time.