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Migration is the movement of people from one area to another.

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Migration can happen in multiple steps, known as step migration.

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People that migrate can be separated into 2 groups: Forced migrants and Voluntary migrants, Forced migrants are migrants that are forced out of their home country. They can be forced to move due to human trafficking, political circumstances, war, environmental conditions, or persecution. Voluntary migrants can move to a different country due to economic conditions, political freedom, and attractive environments.

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Short Distances- Most migrants travel only a short distances

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Urban Areas- Migrants traveling long distances usually settle in large urban areas

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People usually migrate to urban areas. This occurs because many urban areas offer more opportunities as many people believe.

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Multiple Steps- Most migration occurs through step migration, a process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves

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Activity Space: “the local areas within which people move or travel during the course of their daily activities”

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People mostly migrate to countries in the midlatitudes area. The major flow of global migration from 1500 on is from Europe to North America, from Southern Europe to South and Central America, from Britain and Ireland to Africa and Australia, from Africa to the Americas during the slavery period,

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Rural to Urban- Most migration in history has been rural to urban areas

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And from India to Eastern Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean.

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Counter Migration- Each migration flow produces a movement in the opposite direction, called counter migration

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Youth- Most migrants are younger adults, between ages 20 and 45. People in that age group are usually not as established with jobs,homes, and families as older groups, so they are more likely to move to improve their fortunes.

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Different governments affect migration in different ways, based on the type of government. Democratic governments will usually allow immigrants with some immigration laws as opposed to a dictatorships/communist governments which usually disallow both immigration and emigration.

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Agricultural Revolution: changed 0% population increase.Domestication of planets and animals.

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Many countries also practice selective immigration, in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from entering.

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Population Density: The number of people that live in a given area of land.

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Population Pyramid: represents age and sex composition

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Arithmetic population density: total # of population / total land area

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Physiological population density: measures the pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food

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Agriculture population density: measures # of farmers per unit of arable land

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Agriculture population density: measures # of farmers per unit of arable land

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Carrying Capacity: the # of people an area can support on a sustained basis

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Demography: the study of describing the people or population

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Demographics: statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it

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Crude Death Rate(CDR) :the number of deaths in a given year per thousand people in a population

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Infant Mortality Rate(IMR): number of deaths among infants under one year of age for each thousand live births in a given year