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The Joseph Smith Papyri were found and deciphered by Joseph Smith. Together they create the Book of Abraham.

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Photo: Joseph Smith Papyrus

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Photo: Cyperus Papyrus

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Photo:  Rossetta stone

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Photo: Book of the dead

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It Depicts a offering ritual with a woman smelling a lotus flower

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Photo: Hierogliphics Stela of Nemtiui

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Photo: University of Michigan Collection of papyrus

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The two Abu Simbel Temples are large mountain temples in Southern Egypt which are covered with hieroglyphics.

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Photo: Abu Simbel Temples

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A Sculpture of a scribe in his usual attire.

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Photo: Facts and Details

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Once a text was written, it was put inside a box and the authors name or the subject of the text was printed on the side of the box  like the titles on books we use today.

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Photo: Facts and Details

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The Rosetta stone was a large stone that had two languages on it: Egyptian and Greek. The Rosetta was primarily deciphered by Thomas young and Jean- Francois Champollion.

Society, National Geographic. “Rosetta Stone Discovered.” National Geographic Society, 29 Oct. 2013, www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jul19/rosetta-stone-discovered/.

Photo: Rosetta stone

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A text usually buried with the mummies used to assist the mummy 's travels to the land of the dead.

Photo: Book of Dead

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Cyperus Papyrus was used to make papyrus but was also edible and used for boats.

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First the outer rind of the papyrus plant stem is removed. Then the inside is cut into large strips and soaked in water. Lastly, the strips are laid over each other which are then smashed together creating a large sheet of paper-like material. The sheet is then dried and stored in wooden boxes in the shapes of statues to prevent mold. papyrus was organized by subject or author and had a clay piece attached that had the subject written on it like a title.

“Papyrus.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus#Manufacture_and_use.

Photo: Cyperus Papyrus

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This is the authentic alphabet for letters. The Ancient Egyptians had others for words and syllables.

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Not only was hieroglyphics written in all four directions and had no punctuation but each pictograph could be an entire word, or a concept, or just a sound. There also were no vowel sounds, only consonants, making name reading very hard to pronounce. The pictographs can also mean different things if they are in a different context.  This made it very hard for archaeologists to read and understand.

“Ancient Egypt.” Ducksters Educational Site, www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egypt/hieroglyphics_examples_alphabet.php

Photo: Egyptian alphabet

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Scribes were the only people in ancient Egypt who could read or write  in hieroglyphics. Scribes started studying the writing and reading of the language at the ages of seven or eight and studying for four or five years. Becoming a scribe also allowed you to not pay taxes or be in the army and was a very respectful job higher up in social class. Only the children of the wealthiest nobles were given the opportunity to be able study hieroglyphics.

“Ancient Egypt.” Ducksters Educational Site, www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egyptian_hieroglyphics.php.

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One of the most visited monuments in Ancient Egypt which is located in the Karnek Complex

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An Ancient Egyptian
medical text that named after the dealer who bought it

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Papyrus was used by the Egyptians and was made of reeds pressed together to create a long lasting material like paper. papyrus is very well preserved in Egypt and many texts are in readable condition to this day.

Citation:  Ancient Civilizations Through the Renascence Pg 102

Photo:  Wikipedia Edwin Smith Papyrus

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Hieroglyphics had more than 600 symbols, each representing a sound or word.  It could be written in all four directions left, right, up,  or down.  There was also no punctuation making the language very easy to write but very confusing to read . Most hieroglyphics were colorful and were made to look like art.

“Ancient Egypt.” Ducksters Educational Site, www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egyptian_hieroglyphics.php.

Photo:  Heiroglyphics from The Great Hypostyle Hall