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Freedmen's Bureau crated
- Congress passed" An act to establish a bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees" -
wanting to provide food, shelter, clothing, and land
- displaced southerners including newly freed African Americans

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- at 7:22 am , after john Wilkes booth shot president Abraham Lincoln
-soldiers carried Lincoln from Ford's theatre and across tenth street
- so that he could pass his last moment peacefully

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- Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans
-   they ensured the availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the civil war

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- 13th amendment  is ratified passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864
- passed by the house on January 31, 1865
- ratified by the states on Dec 6, 1865
- abolish slavery " within the states, or any place subject to their jurisdiction "

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-KKK is formed in 1865, Pulaski, TN
- in 1865 at the conclusion of the civil war, six confederate veterans gathered in Pulaski, Tennesee to create the Ku Klux Klan
-the group gained members from all strata of southern white society
-they used violent intimidation to prevent black people

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-the civil rights act of 1866 declared all people born in the united states to be citizens
- without race, color, and previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude
- President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation that veto was overturned by the united states congress

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- Memphis massacre of 1866 was  a series of violent events that Happened from May 1 to May 3, 1866, in Memphis, Tennesse
- racial violence was started by political, social, and racial tensions following the American civil war

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- The freedmen's conventions of 1865 and 1866 were the first of their kind north Carolina
- delegates proclaimed the need for black inclusive in the political and judicial processes
- voicing the goals of African American's in North Carolina, delegates such as James H. Harris, James E.

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- The annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty during the later reconstruction Era
- Initiated by united states president Ulysses S. Grant in 1869
- "Santo Domingo was known as a united states territory with the promise of eventually"

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- passed by congress February 26, 1869 and ratified February 3,1870
- The 15th amendment granted African American Men the right to vote
- for more than 50 years the majority of African American citizens were reduced to second class citizenship under the " Jim Crow" Laws.

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- The Colfax Massacre sometimes called  to by the euphemism Colfax  riot
-occurred on Easter Sunday
- April 13, 1837, in Colfax, Louisiana the parish seat of Grant Parish
- 62-153 black militiamen were killed while surrendering to mod a mod former confederate soldiers and members of the " Ku Klux Klan "

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plan or " shotgun policy"
- The violence and intimidation of black and white votes , called " shotgun policy or the Mississippi plan
- destroyed the effectiveness of republican party in most areas of the south as an alternative to one-party in most areas of south as a alternative to one-party democratic rule
- blacks that continued to vote did so at the risk of being killed

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compromise of 1877
- a unwritten deal informally arranged among the united states congressmen
- that settled the intensely disputed 1876 presidential election
- it came about united states federal government pulling the last troops out the south and ending the reconstruction