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We should avoid touching surfaces such as door handles, and we should keep social distance as much as possible from others. Finally, we must wear masks as we go outside.

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How to avoid being infected with COVID-19 | 7NEWS

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Why it is more contagious than any other diseases 🦠  

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Why it is more contagious than any other diseases 🦠  

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First of all, it spreads from the respiratory which makes it hard to avoid because we contact a lot of people throughout the day. Secondly, some studies show that covid 19 particles remain in the air longer than most diseases such as flu. Also, the incubation period is longer than any other contagious disease which makes it really contagious

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How it became a danger for humankind? ⚠️ 

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How it became a danger for humankind? ⚠️ 

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The original source of transmission of the virus remains unknown but it is estimated that it spread from a seafood market in China. It evolved and became a threat to people. It is dangerous because it acts as a "hit and run killer" which means it just attacks the body, takes what it wants, and goes to another body.

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Screenshot 2021-12-28 at 13-37-21 virus evolve picture - Google Arama

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Why does it constantly produce new strains?

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Why does it constantly produce new strains?

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Every time SARS-CoV-2 – the virus that causes COVID-19 – infects someone it picks up tiny changes in its genetic code as it makes copies of itself. Like all coronaviruses, it uses a type of genetic material called RNA, which is prone to developing errors, or mutations, as the virus replicates inside a person’s cells.

Most of these mutations do not lead to anything – they are evolutionary dead ends. Others don’t alter the virus’s behaviour but are also not harmful to it. If these can spread to other people, they can form new variants of the virus. Currently, we know of thousands of slightly different, but genetically distinct lineages of COVID-19 spreading around the world.

Occasionally, however, one of these genetic errors brings about a change that is advantageous to the virus. It might make SARS-CoV-2 better at getting into cells or help it escape the immune system of the person it is infecting.

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Which one is better: Natural immunity you get from being sick or immunity you get from COVID-19 vaccination?

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Which one is better: Natural immunity you get from being sick or immunity you get from COVID-19 vaccination?

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Getting a COVID-19 vaccination is a safer and more dependable way to build immunity to COVID-19 than getting sick with COVID-19.

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Getting a COVID-19 vaccination is a safer and more dependable way to build immunity to COVID-19 than getting sick with COVID-19.

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COVID-19 vaccination causes a more predictable immune response than infection with the virus that causes COVID-19. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine gives most people a high level of protection against COVID-19 and can provide added protection for people who already had COVID-19.

Getting a COVID-19 vaccination is also a safer way to build protection than getting sick with COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination helps protect you by creating an antibody response without you having to experience sickness. Getting vaccinated yourself may also protect people around you, particularly people at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Getting sick with COVID-19 can cause severe illness or death, and we can’t reliably predict who will have mild or severe illness. If you get sick, you can spread COVID-19 to others. You can also continue to have long-term health issues after COVID-19 infection.

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COVID-19 vaccines are known to posess side effects.

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COVID-19 vaccines are known to posess side effects.

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Do the risks of getting the COVID-19 vaccines outweigh the benefits?

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Do the risks of getting the COVID-19 vaccines outweigh the benefits?

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Benefits of Covid-19 vaccines far outweighs the risks.

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Benefits of Covid-19 vaccines far outweighs the risks.

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The side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine is, for the most part, mild and uncommon. You posess a far greater risk of having complications that might cause permanent damage to you or even succumbing to the disease itself by not taking a vaccine.

The impact of a few cases of a rare nerve disorder, blood vessel clots and heart infections following the shots was surpassed by thousands of Covid-19 cases prevented, many that would have had consequences.

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What are the differences between those vaccines?

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What are the differences between those vaccines?

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What are the differences between Covid-19 vaccines?

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What are the differences between Covid-19 vaccines?

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The differences between vaccines developed for Covid-19 are their content and development method.

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There are several different types of vaccines in development for COVID-19.
All vaccines are designed to teach the body's immune system to safely recognize and eliminate the COVID-19 virus. The different vaccine types by content and development method can be summarized as below:

*Inactivated vaccines contain killed infectious agents that do not cause disease but allow the body to recognize and fight future exposure to infectious agents so that the body does not develop the disease.
*Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened viruses inducing an immune response without causing disease.
*Protein-based vaccines include protein fragments that mimic the structure of some parts of the COVID-19 virus and therefore induce an immune response against COVID-19 safely.
*Viral vector vaccines use non-pathogenic viruses carrying RNA fragments belonging to the COVID-19 virus to induce an immune response safely.
*m-RNA and DNA vaccines are a state-of-the-art approach that uses genetically-engineered RNA and DNA fragments to produce proteins inducing an immune response safely.

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There are several different types of vaccines in development for COVID-19. All vaccines are designed to teach the body's immune system to safely recognize and eliminate the COVID-19 virus.

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The risk of dying from Covid-19 depends on some factors such as age, underlying health conditions, access to healthcare etc. As of today, 29 December 2021, according to the data provided by JHU CSSE Covid-19 Data, there are 283 million cases and 5,41 million deaths.

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People who are more than 60 years old.
People who have heart diseases.
People who have chronic respiratory diseases.
People who have hypertension.

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Stay at home when you have COVID-19.
Stay away from other people.
Stay away from your pets and service animals.
Avoid public transit when you can.
Avoid busses when you can.
Avoid trains when you can.
Avoid taxis when you can.
You may have to stay home for a while.
You may have to stay home for at least 10 days.

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/easy-to-read/things-to-know.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Know About COVID-19

COVID-19 is a virus.
COVID-19 has spread around the world.
COVID-19 can spread between people.
People with COVID-19 get sick in different ways.

COVID-19 is a Virus

COVID-19 can spread easily.
COVID-19 can spread between people.
COVID-19 can spread when people are too close.
COVID-19 can spread when people cough.
COVID-19 can spread when people sneeze.
COVID-19 can spread when people talk.
COVID-19 can spread when people sing.
Stay away from crowds.
Stay away from inside places with lots of people.
Stay away from people who are sick.
Stay away from people if you are sick.

COVID-19 may get on your hands if you touch things.
Keep your hands off your face.
Keep your hands off your nose.
Keep your hands off your mouth.
Wash your hands after you touch things.

Stop COVID-19 Every Day

Stay at least 6 feet away from people outside your home.
Stay away from people who are sick.
Stay away from crowds.
Wear a mask to protect everyone.
The mask must cover your nose.
The mask must cover your mouth.
The mask must fit under your chin.
Wash your hands often.
Wash your hands with soap and water.
Wash your hands for 20 seconds.
Sing the happy birthday song twice while washing your hands.
Use hand sanitizer if that is all you have.
Rub the hand sanitizer all over your hands.
Rub your hands until they feel dry.
Washing your hands with soap and water is best.
Clean things that are touched often.

Protect Yourself Running Errands

Order things online when you can.
Get food delivered when you can.
Get medicine delivered when you can.
Stay out of the bank when you can.
Protect yourself if you must go in a store.
Protect yourself if you must go in the bank.
Protect yourself by wearing a mask.
Keep the mask on your face.
Keep your hands off the mask.
Protect yourself by staying away from other people.
Stay at least 6 feet away from other people.

Only touch things you want to buy.

Use hand sanitizer right after you pay.
Rub the hand sanitizer all over your hands.
Rub your hands until they feel dry.
Wash your hands when you get home.
Wash your hands with soap and water.
Wash your hands with soap and water for 20 seconds.
Sing the happy birthday song twice while washing your hands.

Steps if You Have COVID-19

Stay at home when you have COVID-19.
Stay away from other people.
Stay away from your pets and service animals.
Avoid public transit when you can.
Avoid busses when you can.
Avoid trains when you can.
Avoid taxis when you can.
You may have to stay home for a while.
You may have to stay home for at least 10 days.
Stay home until you feel better.
Get help if you are worried about how you feel.

Anyone Can Get COVID-19

Some people with COVID-19 feel fine.
Some people with COVID-19 feel sick.
COVID-19 can make some people very sick.
COVID-19 can make people with other health problems very sick.

Original Guidance: What you should know about COVID-19 to protect yourself and others pdf icon [340 KB, 1 page]

Development of these materials was supported by a grant from the CDC Foundation, using funding provided by its donors. The materials were created by the Center for Literacy & Disability Studies, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Center for Inclusive Design and Innovation at Georgia Tech. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided subject matter expertise and approved the content. The use of the names of private entities, products, or enterprises is for identification purposes only and does not imply CDC endorsement.

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COVID-19 is a virus. COVID-19 has spread around the world. COVID-19 can spread between people. People with COVID-19 get sick in different ways. COVID-19 can spread easily. COVID-19 can spread between people. COVID-19 can spread when people are too close. COVID-19 can spread when people cough. COVID-19 can spread when people sneeze.

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Some people have more diffuculty in recovering from Covid-19.

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Some people have more diffuculty in recovering from Covid-19.

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The most important symptoms are cough and fever.

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The most important symptoms are cough and fever.

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Babies under age 1 might be at higher risk of severe illness with COVID-19 than older children. This is likely due to their immature immune systems and smaller airways, which make them more likely to develop breathing issues with respiratory virus infections.

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Children of all ages can become ill with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). But most kids who are infected typically don't become as sick as adults and some might not show any symptoms at all. Know the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in babies and children, why children might be affected differently by COVID-19 and what you can do to prevent the spread of the virus.

How likely is it for a child to become sick with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association, in the U.S. children represent about 16% of all COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 in children has been on the rise in the U.S., with children recently making up 24% of just over 100,000 weekly reported cases of COVID-19.

While all children are capable of getting the virus that causes COVID-19, they don't become sick as often as adults. Most children have mild symptoms or no symptoms.

However, some children become severely ill with COVID-19. They might need to be hospitalized, treated in the intensive care unit or placed on a ventilator to help them breathe, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

In addition, children with other health conditions, such as obesity, diabetes and asthma, might be at higher risk of serious illness with COVID-19. Children who have congenital heart disease, genetic conditions or conditions affecting the nervous system or metabolism also might be at higher risk of serious illness with COVID-19.

Research also suggests disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children than in non-Hispanic white children.

Some children continue to experience symptoms of COVID-19 after their initial recovery. Rarely, some children might also develop a serious condition that appears to be linked to COVID-19.

Why do children react differently to COVID-19?

The answer isn't clear yet. Some experts suggest that children might not be as severely affected by COVID-19 because there are other coronaviruses that spread in the community and cause diseases such as the common cold. Since children often get colds, their immune systems might be primed to provide them with some protection against COVID-19. It's also possible that children's immune systems interact with the virus differently than do adults' immune systems. Some adults are getting sick because their immune systems seem to overreact to the virus, causing more damage to their bodies. This may be less likely to happen in children.

How are babies affected by COVID-19?

Babies under age 1 might be at higher risk of severe illness with COVID-19 than older children. This is likely due to their immature immune systems and smaller airways, which make them more likely to develop breathing issues with respiratory virus infections.

Newborns can become infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 during childbirth or by exposure to sick caregivers after delivery. If you have COVID-19 or are waiting for test results due to symptoms, it's recommended during hospitalization after childbirth that you wear a cloth face mask and have clean hands when caring for your newborn. Keeping your newborn's crib by your bed while you are in the hospital is OK, but it's also recommended that you maintain a reasonable distance from your baby when possible. When these steps are taken, the risk of a newborn becoming infected with the COVID-19 virus is low. However, if you are severely ill with COVID-19, you might need to be temporarily separated from your newborn.

Infants who have COVID-19 or who can't be tested and have no symptoms might be discharged from the hospital, depending on the circumstances. It's recommended that the baby's caregivers wear face masks and wash their hands to protect themselves. Frequent follow-up with the baby's health care provider is needed - by phone, virtual visits or in-office visits - for 14 days. Infants who test negative for COVID-19 can be sent home from the hospital.

What COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for kids?

In the U.S., COVID-19 vaccines are available to children by age group:

Ages 5 through 11. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has given emergency use authorization to a Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for this age group. This vaccine involves two injections, given three weeks apart. It contains a lower dose than the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine used for people age 12 and older. Research shows that this vaccine is about 91% effective in preventing COVID-19 in children ages 5 through 11.

Ages 12 through 15. The FDA has given emergency use authorization to a Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for this age group. This vaccine involves two injections, given three weeks apart. It contains the same dose as the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for people ages 16 and older. The second dose can be given up to six weeks after the first dose, if needed. Research has shown that this vaccine is 100% effective in preventing COVID-19 in children ages 12 through 15.

Ages 16 and older. The FDA has approved a Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, now called Comirnaty, for this age group. This vaccine involves two injections, given three weeks apart. The second dose can be given up to six weeks after the first dose, if needed. This vaccine is 91% effective in preventing severe illness with COVID-19 in people age 16 and older.

Studies on the use of COVID-19 vaccines in younger children are also in progress.

Children's COVID-19 symptoms

While children and adults experience similar symptoms of COVID-19, children's symptoms tend to be mild and cold-like. Most children recover within one to two weeks. Possible symptoms can include:

Fever

Cough that becomes productive

New loss of taste or smell

Changes in the skin, such as discolored areas on the feet and hands

Sore throat

Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, belly pain or diarrhea

Chills

Muscle aches and pain

Extreme fatigue

New severe headache

New nasal congestion

If your child has symptoms of COVID-19 and you think he or she might have COVID-19, call your child's doctor. Keep your child at home and away from others as much as possible, except to get medical care. If possible, have your child use a separate bedroom and bathroom from family members. Follow recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) and your government regarding quarantine and isolation measures as appropriate.

If your child has COVID-19 and can be treated at home, focus on relieving his or her symptoms. This might include rest, fluid intake and pain relievers.

Factors used to decide whether to test your child for COVID-19 may differ depending on where you live. In the U.S., the doctor will determine whether to conduct diagnostic tests for COVID-19 based on your child's signs and symptoms, as well as whether your child has had close contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19. The doctor may also consider testing if your child is at higher risk of serious illness.

To test for COVID-19, a health care provider uses a long swab to take a sample from the back of the nose (nasopharyngeal swab). The sample is then sent to a lab for testing. If your child is coughing up phlegm (sputum), that may be sent for testing.

Supporting Your Child During COVID-19 Nasal Swab Testing

The purpose of this video is to prepare children for a COVID-19 nasal swab test, to help ease some of their potential fear and anxiety. When children are prepared to take a medical test, they become more cooperative and compliant, which creates a positive coping experience for them. This video has been made to be watched by children as young as 4 years old.

But children also might have COVID-19 and not show symptoms. This is why it's crucial to follow recommendations for preventing the spread of COVID-19.

What is multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)?

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition in which some parts of the body - such as the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes - become severely inflamed. Evidence indicates that many of these children were infected with the COVID-19 virus in the past, as shown by positive antibody test results, suggesting that MIS-C is caused by an excessive immune response related to COVID-19.

Possible signs and symptoms of MIS-C include:

Fever that lasts 24 hours or longer

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Pain in the stomach

Skin rash

Fast heartbeat

Rapid breathing

Red eyes

Redness or swelling of the lips and tongue

Feeling unusually tired

Redness or swelling of the hands or feet

Headache, dizziness or lightheadedness

Enlarged lymph nodes

Emergency warning signs of MIS-C include:

Inability to wake up or stay awake

Difficulty breathing

New confusion

Pale, gray or blue-colored skin, lips or nail beds - depending on skin tone

Severe stomach pain

If your child shows any emergency warning signs or is severely sick with other signs and symptoms, take your child to the nearest emergency department or call 911 or your local emergency number. If your child isn't severely ill but shows other signs or symptoms of MIS-C, contact your child's doctor right away for advice.

Can children who get COVID-19 experience long-term effects?

Anyone who has had COVID-19 can develop a post- COVID-19 condition. Research suggests that children with both mild and severe COVID-19 have experienced long-term symptoms. The most common symptoms in children include:

Tiredness or fatigue

Headache

Trouble sleeping

Trouble concentrating

Muscle and joint pain

Cough

These symptoms could affect your child's ability to attend school or do his or her usual activities. If your child is experiencing long-term symptoms, consider talking to your child's teachers about his or her needs.

If children don't frequently experience severe illness with COVID-19, why do they need a COVID-19 vaccine?

A COVID-19 vaccine can prevent your child from getting and spreading the virus that causes COVID-19.

If your child gets COVID-19, a COVID-19 vaccine could prevent him or her from becoming severely ill or experiencing short-term or long-term complications. Children with other health conditions, such as obesity, diabetes and asthma, might be at higher risk of serious illness with COVID-19.

Getting a COVID-19 vaccine can also help keep your child in school and more safely have playdates and participate in sports and other group activities.

COVID-19 prevention tips

If you or your child haven't gotten a COVID-19 vaccine, there are many steps you can take to prevent yourselves from getting the COVID-19 virus and spreading it to others. The CDC and WHO recommend that you and your family:

Keep your hands clean. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw away the used tissue and wash your hands. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Have your kids wash their hands immediately after returning home, as well as after going to the bathroom and before eating or preparing food. Show young children how to get the soap between fingers and all the way to the ends of their fingers, including their thumbs and the backs of their hands. Encourage your kids to sing the entire "Happy Birthday" song twice (about 20 seconds) so they spend the time they need to get their hands clean.

Practice social distancing. Make sure your child and everyone in your household avoids close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters) with anyone who doesn't live in your household. Since people without symptoms may spread the virus, avoiding in-person playdates poses the lowest risk. Having infrequent in-person playdates with the same family or friend who is practicing preventive measures poses a medium risk. If you allow these kinds of playdates, hold them outside and make sure children maintain a distance of 6 feet away from each other. You can describe this distance to your child as about the length of a door or an adult's bicycle. To lower your child's risk of COVID-19, you may consider limiting involvement in activities that require shared equipment, such as a basketball, or that can't accommodate physical distancing. Encourage your child to keep in touch with friends and loved ones through phone calls or video chats. Consider organizing virtual family meals, game nights or playdates to keep your child engaged.

Clean and disinfect your home. Clean surfaces every day in common areas that are frequently touched, such as tables, doorknobs, hard-backed chairs, light switches, remotes, electronics, handles, desks, toilets and sinks. Also, clean areas that easily get dirty, such as a baby's changing table, and surfaces that your child often touches, such as his or her bed frame, craft table, toy chest and toys. Use soap and water to clean toys that your child puts in his or her mouth. Be sure to rinse off the soap and dry the toys. Wash your child's bedding and washable plush toys, as needed, in the warmest possible setting. Dry items completely. Wash your hands after handling your child's belongings. If you're caring for a baby with COVID-19, wash your hands after diaper changes or handling the baby's bedding, toys or bottles.

Wear cloth face masks. Everyone age 2 or older who isn't fully vaccinated should wear a mask in indoor public places, according to the CDC. If you are in an area with a high number of new COVID-19 cases, the CDC also recommends wearing a mask outdoors in crowded areas or when you are in close contact with others who aren't fully vaccinated. If your child is age 2 or older, have him or her wear a cloth face mask when around people who don't live in your household to prevent the spread of COVID-19 to others. Don't place a face mask on a child younger than age 2, a child who has any breathing problems, or a child who has a condition that would prevent him or her from being able to remove the mask without help.

In addition, keep up with your child's well visits and vaccines. This is especially important for infants and young children under age 2. Many doctors are using strategies to separate well visits from sick visits by seeing sick children in separate areas of their offices or at different locations. If your child is due for a well visit, talk to your child's doctor about safety steps being taken. Don't let fear of getting the virus that causes COVID-19 prevent your child from getting his or her vaccines to prevent other serious illnesses. A COVID-19 vaccine can be given to eligible children on the same day as other vaccines.

Following guidelines to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus can be particularly difficult for kids. Stay patient. Be a good role model and your child will be more likely to follow your lead.

Show references

See more In-depth

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How COVID-19 (coronavirus) affects babies and children

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Children of all ages can become ill with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). But most kids who are infected typically don't become as sick as adults and some might not show any symptoms at all. Know the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in babies and children, why children might be affected differently by COVID-19 and what you can do to prevent the spread of the virus.

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What are the side effects of face masks?

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What are the side effects of face masks?

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Masks Save Lives, but They Still Have Some Annoying Side Effects

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Masks Save Lives, but They Still Have Some Annoying Side Effects

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Obscured vision

General discomfort

Difficulty hearing others

Skin irritation

Bad breath and tooth decay