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HPL = human placental lactogen
MER = milk ejection reflex
Prolactin = hormone that stimulates milk production after childbirth
Oxytocin = hormon which stimulates milk flow from the breasts after the birth, in response to the baby suckling at the breast

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Poor positioning and attachment of the baby

Infrequent feeding and ineffective milk ejection reflex

Poor breastfeeding management

Nipple tissue damage

The combination of all the above

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Within the first 24h after birth, baby should be passing urine and stools.
At least 1-2 voids of urine in the first 24h
At least 2-3 voids of urine in the first 48h
Increasing to 6 voids of urine per day by day 4-5

First stool = meconium
Colour is changing through black/green/brown/yellow

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Caput succedaneum = swelling of the syalp due to pressure during delivery
Cephalhaematoma = bleeding unter the periosteum (outer layer) of a skull bone
Fontanelle/Fontanel =  soft membranous gaps between the bones of the skull in a fetus or infant

Hypoglycaemia = blood sugar below normal limits
Hypothermia = a body temperature below normal limits

Jaundice = yellow discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes due to subcutaneous bilirubin deposits
Moulding = slight overlapping of the skull bones to facilitata passage through the birth canal

Phenylketonuria (PKU) = a metabolic disease that untreated will cause brain damage

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The blood spot test, PKU = screening for metabolic diseases

Hearing screening

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Keep it as clean and dry as possible
Avoid creams, sprays, powders
If the cord is damp -> Weleda Wecesin powder

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Gentle cleansing of the nappy area at each nappy change
Use plain, warm water and cotton wool
If cream: fragrance and antiseptic free

Disposable vs cloth nappies

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physiological jaundice vs breastfeeding jaundice vs pathological

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Avoid Soap and cloths or sponges -> Hand washing the baby or using cotton wool or a natural sponge
Avoid baby wipes -> use clear water instead
Bath the newborn in plain water

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Tachypnoe

Nasal flaring

Recession

Grunting

Poor colour

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temperature-blood sugar-respiratory function

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Head

Face

Eyes

Ears

Mouth

Genitalia

Anus

Back

Limbs

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Basic care and resuscitation of the newborn

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Basic care and resuscitation of the newborn

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1. Heart rate

2. Respiratory effort

3. Tone

4. Response to stimulus

5. Skin Colour

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Early signs of hunger in the child: Restlessness, sucking on fist, side to side head movement, mouth opening, sucking sound.
Feed 8 to 12 times in 24 hours on average

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Pumped breast milk OR Formula milk

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Ingredients and quantity perfectly adapted to the needs of the newborn baby

Promotes the involution of the uterus

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Recognition marks: Mouth wide open, lips turned out, ears-shoulders-hip line

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promote intuitive breastfeeding

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Cradle hold

Modified cradle hold (cross grip)

Football posture/ underarm hold

Lying breastfeeding in the lateral position

Modified breastfeeding lying down

Reclined breastfeeding

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Feeding should mainly be done by mother
Enable skin contact during feeding
Change sides after half time

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Too little breast milk

At the request of the mother (influenced by social, cultural and emotional factors)