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feb 2, 1848 - treaty of guadalupe hidalgo/mexican cession

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feb 2, 1848 - treaty of guadalupe hidalgo/mexican cession

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- Signed after the us won the mexican-american war, mexico gives california & new mexico territories & recognizes the rio grande as the southern border of texas

- The new territory was under the line drawn by the missouri compromise, meaning northern states were unhappy that there would be more slave states

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- A short-lived minor political party that would later merge into the republican party, they opposed slavery in the west
- After the mexican cession, the country was torn between allowing the new territory to be slave states or free states. The republican party was created from several anti-slavery parties like the free soil party

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nov 7, 1848 - election of zachary taylor 

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nov 7, 1848 - election of zachary taylor 

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- This election was the last win by the Whig party. Taylor was a war hero & won popular vote (47%) and electoral vote (163)

- Taylor was committed to preserving the union and would use force if necessary. He suddenly died during his term, but his death finalized the compromise of 1850, allowing it to pass

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- 5 bills passed by congress that said California was a free state, slave trade in DC was abolished, fugitive slave act was amended, new mexico & utah given popular sovreignity
- The compromise settled the political argument over the mexican cession land. It only postponed the civil war as more conflict would ensure with the Kansas-Nebraska Act

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- Required that a runaway slave in a different state is seized and returned and prohibited people from helping the slave escape
- This fugitive slave act was passed along with the compromise of 1850 to appease the pro-slavery side of the conflict and further postpone the civil war

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jun 5, 1851 - uncle tom's cabin by harriet beecher stowe

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jun 5, 1851 - uncle tom's cabin by harriet beecher stowe

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- A book that depicted the slavery and oppression present in the united states. It was widely read and influenced many opinions leading up to the civil war.

- The book inspired people to join anti-slavery movements. However, some northerners felt it was an inaccurate representation of slavery and many southerners were angered.

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nov 2, 1852 - election of franklin pierce

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nov 2, 1852 - election of franklin pierce

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- The whig party was falling apart due to divisions within the party, so the democratic party had a good chance of winning with Pierce.
-  Pierce may have aided in creating a civil war by agreeing with the kansas-nebraska act, which led to a wider division between slaveholders & abolitionists.

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- Repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories with popular sovereignty, people for & against slavery moved to the new territories to sway the vote to their beliefs

- The act created controversy which led to violence between pro & antislavery activists with bleeding kansas

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- created in response to the kansas-nebraska act and in opposition to widespread slavery in the US. Most republicans were northern protestants, factory workers, & former slaves

- A prominent political party was established, further splitting the united states in two. This intensified the conflict and was a major cause of the civil war

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- A series of violent warfare between proslavery and antislavery forces following the kansas-nebraska act

- Started from the controversy that the kansas-nebraska act caused, one of the first instances of violence between the north & south, escalated to the civil war,

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- Pro-slavery representative Preston Brooks beat & nearly killed anti-slavery senator Charles Sumner with a cane for criticizing slavery activists
- The country-wide conflict over slavery escalated further with even some of the leaders of the countries resorting to violence.

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nov 4, 1856 - election of james buchanan

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nov 4, 1856 - election of james buchanan

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- Election was during the tense atmosphere of bleeding kansas, buchanan was elected prior to the civil war & was in favor of slavery
- His plans to unite the US failed so he gave the responsibility to Lincoln. He further sectionalized America by refusing to interfere when South Carolina seceded from the union.

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argued 1856, decision 1857 - dred scott vs sandford

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argued 1856, decision 1857 - dred scott vs sandford

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- supreme court ruled that Dred Scott (a slave who lived in a free state) was denied freedom, all african americans weren't american citizens & had no rights in court, & congress was not allowed to ban slavery
- The decision reversed the missouri compromise and made slavery legal everywhere, which greatly angered northerners/abolitionists

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- A constitution proposed for kansas by the proslavery activists living there that protected slaveholding and denied rights to people of color.

- President Buchanan submitted the constitution to congress but they ultimately rejected it. Kansas was very close to making slavery legal and strengthening pro-slavery in the us

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- Abolitionist John Brown led 21 men to Harper’s Ferry in what is now West Virginia. They planned to raid the weapons and start a large-scale uprising against slavery but ultimately failed

- The raid created more issues to be decided on with the election of 1860 in which Lincoln was elected president as it caused a great amount of tension and hatred.

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nov 6, 1860 - election of abraham lincoln

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nov 6, 1860 - election of abraham lincoln

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- 4 strong candidates ran for president but Lincoln won the majority in the north as well as electoral majority.

- The election established the two political parties: democrats & republicans. Abraham Lincoln was firm in his decision that the United States should be united again rather than accepting southern secession from the union.

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dec 20, 1860 - secession of south carolina

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dec 20, 1860 - secession of south carolina

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- South Carolina was the first state to secede from the union. They wanted to protect their use of slavery.

- The secession was a reaction to Abraham Lincoln being elected president. It triggered the secession of many other southern states. This led to the creation of the confederate states of america and the civil war

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dec 1860-jan 1861 - crittenden compromise

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dec 1860-jan 1861 - crittenden compromise

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-  Proposal by senator Crittenden that would permanently include slavery in the constitution and make it unconstitutional to abolish slavery.

- An attempt to keep the union and prevent civil war by making a compromise that allowed slavery in the us. It was ultimately turned down by president Lincoln, which led to more states after South Carolina seceding the union.