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History of Community Design: An evolution of democracy and justice

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History of Community Design: An evolution of democracy and justice

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This timeline is a brief history of the community design movement and the field of design practice that has emerged. ACD is a proud part of this history but it is one we share with so many others, and with that we welcome your contributions and additions to our shared origins.

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We honor and recognize the indigenous peoples whose land we occupy across North America. Many of these communities offer us some of the most foundational concepts in community design including the Seventh Generation Principle and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy's first and longest lasting participatory Democracy. Take the time to learn more about the native land that you occupy, learn their culture and present day challenges that have come from occupation, and find a way that you can contribute to the preservation and perseverance of their communities today.

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Mapping

We strive to map Indigenous territories, treaties, and languages across the world in a way that goes beyond colonial ways of thinking in order to better represent how Indigenous people want to see themselves.

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Native Land is a resource to learn more about Indigenous territories, languages, lands, and ways of life. We welcome you to our site.

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Collective action in the 18th and 19th Century was epitomized by barn raisings typical across the American midwest. It is an example of Communal Work which has roots in cultures across the world.

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1963 - ARCH: Architects Renewal Committee of Harlem

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1963 - ARCH: Architects Renewal Committee of Harlem

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One of the first Community Design Centers (CDCs) was the Architects Renewal Committee of Harlem (ARCH) founded in 1964, whose director was Max Bond Jr.

The group came together to fight against proposals for a new freeway in northern Manhattan, and later provided a range of services from design and technical support to training and information.

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1963 - Pratt Institute Center for Community Development

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1963 - Pratt Institute Center for Community Development

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Landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination in schools, public places, employment, voting, etc.

Prohibited state and municipal governments from denying access to public facilities on grounds of race, religion, gender, or ethnicity.

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A “community development corporation” (CDC) prototype was established in Brooklyn’s Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood to demonstrate a decentralized system of neighborhood improvement and individual betterment, as opposed to top-down policy approaches.

It was publicly funded by amending the Economic Opportunity Act and the addition of the “Special Impact Program” to fund community development ventures in urban poverty areas.

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The Yale Building Project (today called the Vlock Building Project) is established at the Yale School of Architecture for first-year graduate architecture students to design and build a home each summer.

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The Fair Housing Act, as amended in 1988, prohibits housing discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, disability, familial status, and national origin.

The Fair Housing Act is a law created to help limit discriminatory practices related to landlords, tenants, and housing. The act was created on the principle that every American should have an equal opportunity to seek a place to live, without being afraid of discrimination due to factors outside their control.

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1968 - Whitney M Young Jr. at the AIA National Convention

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1968 - Whitney M Young Jr. at the AIA National Convention

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American Civil Rights leader Whitney Young Jr’s address to the 1968 AIA National Convention.

". . . you are not a profession that has distinguished itself by your social and civic contributions to the cause of civil rights, and I am sure this does not come to you as any shock. You are most distinguished by your thunderous silence and your complete irrelevance.”

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The speech that changed architecture forever

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1968 - The Neighborhood Design Center, Baltimore

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1968 - The Neighborhood Design Center, Baltimore

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1969 - East Tennessee Community Design Center, Knoxville

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1969 - East Tennessee Community Design Center, Knoxville

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1973 - Asian Neighborhood Design, San Francisco

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1973 - Asian Neighborhood Design, San Francisco

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1977 - The Community Design Center Directors' Association Established

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1977 - The Community Design Center Directors' Association Established

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The Association for Community Design is founded as a network of community design leaders.

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Architects / Designers / Planners for Social Responsibility (ADPSR) is founded, initially to fight for nuclear disarmament, and now focused more broadly on social justice.

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1985 - The Community Design Center Directors' Association becomes the Association for Community Design (ACD)

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1985 - The Community Design Center Directors' Association becomes the Association for Community Design (ACD)

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The American Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment and  mandates accessibility of all public buildings.

ADA builds on minor progress made with the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) of 1968 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

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A non-profit organization founded in 1991 by Bryan Bell and Victoria Ballard Bell, initially to address the severe shortage of adequate housing for migrant workers in the area surrounding Raleigh, North Carolina.

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Auburn University’s Rural Studio design/build program is co-founded by Samuel Mockbee and D.K. Ruth.

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1995 - Detroit Collaborative Design Center, University of Detroit-Mercy

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1995 - Detroit Collaborative Design Center, University of Detroit-Mercy

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Architecture for Humanity, focused on architectural solutions to humanitarian crises, is co-founded by Kate Stohrand Cameron Sinclair.

Formed in response to the need for immediate long-term shelter for returning refugees in Kosovo after the region's bloody conflict. After hosting a series of open design competitions, the organization began taking on a number of build projects, pairing local communities with design professionals to develop a ground-up alternative to development and reconstruction.

In 2005 it adopted an "open source" model and became the first organization in the world to utilize Creative Commons licensing system on a physical structure. To date it has worked in 45 countries and over 2.8 million people now live, work, learn, gather and heal in 2,348 places helped by Architecture for Humanity design fellows, chapter members and volunteer design professionals.

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The Enterprise Rose Fellowship partners emerging architectural designers and socially-engaged arts and cultural practitioners with local community development organizations to facilitate an inclusive approach to development that results in green, sustainable, and affordable communities.

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Design Corps. began co-hosting the Structures for Inclusion Conference as a support structure for design professionals and academics interested in social impact work.

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Public Architecture launches The 1% program, asking architecture firms to pledge a minimum of one percent of their billable hours to pro bono service.

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2006 - ACD TELLING STORIES: REFLECTIONS ON COMMUNITY DESIGN

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2006 - ACD TELLING STORIES: REFLECTIONS ON COMMUNITY DESIGN

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The Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum launches “Design for the Other 90%”, an exhibition showcasing products and environments for under-resourced populations.

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2007 - ACD THE GREAT GUMBO: STIRRING THE POT OF COMMUNITY DESIGN

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2007 - ACD THE GREAT GUMBO: STIRRING THE POT OF COMMUNITY DESIGN

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2008 - ACD INNOVATIONS AND COLLABORATIONS IN HOUSING AFFORDABILITY 

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2008 - ACD INNOVATIONS AND COLLABORATIONS IN HOUSING AFFORDABILITY 

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2009 - ACD SHRINKING CITIES, GROWING COMMUNITIES

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2009 - ACD SHRINKING CITIES, GROWING COMMUNITIES

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“Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement” exhibition debuts at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

Andres Lepik’s 2010 exhibition, Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement, which presented the work of architects around the world who are inventing ways of getting it done for the betterment of local populations, rather than waiting for a competition or a commission that might serve as the occasion for such innovation. The coupling of superb, innovative architecture with wholly new ways of transforming an urban or social situation was a revelation for many.

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On February 27, 2012, the "Social Impact Design Summit" was convened at The Rockefeller Foundation headquarters in New York to address the challenges and opportunities within the field today. Organized by the Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, with the National Endowment for the Arts and The Lemelson Foundation, the one-day event brought together 34 leaders of social impact design and a dozen representatives of foundations that support social programs. The summit participants -- who represented both nonprofit and for-profit organizations, as well as academic programs, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) -- drew a picture of a professional area that has demonstrated many achievements and much promise. Stretching across several design disciplines -- including product design, graphic design, urban design, and architecture -- and far from formalized in many aspects of its practice, social impact design also possesses a number of gaps and faces a variety of challenges. Among the forces inhibiting social impact design today, summit participants singled out the lack of a clear understanding of what the term means. Greater clarity, they proposed, would lead to better-defined goals and would boost appreciation of the value of the field. Participants also pointed to a dearth of accepted standards and ethical guidelines that would help normalize the practice, as well as a lack of knowledge-sharing structures among social impact designers, especially those who work across design disciplines.

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2012 - Native American Sustainable Housing Initiative

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2012 - Native American Sustainable Housing Initiative

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A non-profit sector of Pyatt Studio Planning + Architecture. Sponsored by HUD’s Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R), NASHI has two missions: to provide housing for the underserved Native American community, and to provide on-site learning collaborations for students at mainstream universities and tribal colleges.

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The University of Texas-Austin host the inaugural Design Futures Student Leadership Forum, a consortium of higher-education institutions and their faculty intended to center the principles of racial justice and social equity in design education and design leadership training.

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2017 - ACD CommUNITY: Exchange. Explore. Envision.

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2017 - ACD CommUNITY: Exchange. Explore. Envision.

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ACD Survey, connect with us, become a member, etc