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William Shakespeare, the most famous writer in the history of English literature. Futhermore, he was a remarkable, important poet in Renaissance. Actually, there is no any record about his birthday, so when he was born is still a puzzle today. People used to let April 26, 1564, which is the  christening of William Shakespeare, be his birthday date.

At the age of 18, Shakespear married a woman which was older than him by 8 years. It is interesting that the woman's name is Anne Hathaway, same to the famous actress today.

In the beginning, he mainly wrote a lot of comedies and historical dramas. When it came to AD 1601, he started to create series of tragedies until he died in 1616.

Mr.Shakespeare had written a variety of works, including 38 plays, 2 narrative poems（敘事詩）, and 154 sonnets（十四行詩) in his life, and the most of his works have been translated to various languages, circulated to the whole world. His most famous works are his 4 Great Comedies, including The Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night's Dream, As You Like It, and The Merchant of Venice. Also, his 4 Great Tragedies, which include Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth.

Since 1995, the UNESCO has established the World Book and Copyright Day at April 23. It aims to improve people to read and write. The holiday also wants people to notice the inportance about copyrights. Last but not least, this day is used to commemorate the great writer, which is the day of his death.

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1: famous quotes, moral lessons
5: introduction, setting
7: characters
23: plot
25: detailed analysis, logo

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人在愛情的迷惑下，不論身份高低階級出身，都會成為愛情的俘虜。

莎士比亞以喜劇的方式呈現了人在愛情中的笨拙愚笨模樣，就像奧莉薇亞對薇奧拉、馬伏里奧對奧莉薇亞。
喜劇效果來自於本來階級地位較高的人，面對愛情而胡言亂語露出真性情。
第十二夜諷刺一切過度行為，過度迷戀愛情、過度抗拒愛情，他們信誓旦旦的結果也讓我們更清楚看出愛情其實是無法掌控的。

「第十二夜」指的是聖誕節過後第十二天的夜晚，也就是「主顯節」。在伊莉莎白時期的英國，主顯節已經演變成狂歡的日子，特別是當天夜晚，所有既定的規矩與秩序被人們拋諸腦後，任何誇張行徑都是被允許的，連教會都無法制止。

劇名也暗示著脫離現實的世界，任何不合邏輯的情節都可以不被解釋，或是荒誕的結局都是可以的。

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· About true Illyria
It is the first block in Europe's history, and its pronunciation sounds like Elysium, which means heven in English.

Today, Illyria is located in western Balkans, including Republika Hrvatska（克羅埃西亞）,Srbija（塞爾維亞）, Republika Srpska（波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納）, Montenegro（蒙特內哥羅）, and Albania（阿爾巴尼亞）.

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在第十二夜這齣戲劇中利用每個角色不同的性格來諷刺自以為是的人及各種過度行為：過度迷戀愛情，如公爵Duke Orsino；過度抗拒愛情，如女伯爵Olivia。他們讓我們更看清了愛情其實沒有一定是誰和誰走到最後，也無法掌控結局。

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地點：在伊利里亞的一個城邦

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地點：在伊利里亞的一個城邦

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· 關於真實的伊里利亞
是歐洲歷史上第一個地區，它的發音聽起來像英文中的「天堂」（Elysium）。
今天的伊里利亞位於西巴爾幹半島，大概包含了以下幾個國家：克羅埃西亞、塞爾維亞、波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納、蒙特內哥羅、阿爾巴尼亞。

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威廉·莎士比亞，他是英國文學史上最著名的作家。此外，在文藝復興時期，他也是一位傑出且重要的詩人。事實上，沒有任何有關他生日的紀錄，所以他在何時出生至今仍是一個謎。人們通常把他的受洗日（1954年四月26日）當作他的生日。

在莎士比亞18歲時，他與一名大他8歲的女子結婚。非常有趣的是，那名女子叫做安海瑟威，與當今有名的女演員同名。

早期，他的作品以喜劇和歷史劇為主。從西元1601至他逝世的1616年期間，他開始做悲劇系列。

莎士比亞的一生當中創作了許多作品，包含38齣劇，2首敘事詩和154首十四行詩，大多數他的作品都被翻譯成各個語言，流傳到世界各地。他最著名的有四大喜劇：第十二夜、仲夏夜之夢、皆大歡喜、及威尼斯商人。除此之外，也有四大悲劇：哈姆雷特、李爾王、奧賽羅和馬克白。

從1995年開始，聯合國教科文組織將4月23日訂為世界閱讀與版權日。它的主旨是促進人們的閱讀及寫作。他同時也希望人們開始注意版權的重要性。最後但也同樣重要的，這天被用來紀念這位偉大的作家的忌日。

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picture from:
https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-william-shakespeare-portrait-image13702890

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William Shakespeare Portrait Editorial Image - Illustration of author, british_ 13702890

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This play is thought as one of the most excellent comedies of William Shakespeare.

This comedy's name has some intriguing story. First, it originated from the Epiphany, the last day of Christmas holidays in January 6. The holiday is used to commemorate that Jesus was born again. When the generation of Elizabeth I comes, the Epiphany changed to a form similar to a festival. Everyone felt delightful and the British Royal Family would  have a splendid performance on that day. Moreover, it also has a subtitle named What You Will, which connects to the above message that this play is about happiness. Owing to the reason, we can see a lot of ridiculous, bizarre, but funny and fantastic plots in the story.

It is believed that the script was completed and this drama had been prepared in twelve days. Because the Italian Duke was visiting Britain, and Shakespeare was entrusted by the British Royal Family to create the story.

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這齣劇被認為是威廉 · 莎士比亞最傑出的喜劇之一

這齣戲劇的名字有有幾個有趣的故事。
· 起源於1月6日的主顯節，耶誕假期的最後一天。這個節日是用來紀念耶穌復活。等到伊莉莎白女王一世時期，主顯節轉變成一個類似嘉年華的形式。每個人在這天都相當愉快，而且英國皇室會有一個精彩的表演。

· 它還有一個副標題：隨你便。這可以聯想到上述主顯節的有趣和歡樂。也因為如此，我們可以在劇中看到許多荒唐、離奇，卻又有趣、精彩的內容。

據說這齣劇的劇本和準備只花了短短的十二天。因為當時義大利的公爵正好拜訪英國，而莎士比亞受委託寫下了這齣劇。

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picture from:
https://reurl.cc/oealvl

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Still not over it_ Audra McDonald and Anne Hathaway in Twelfth Night (Raúl Esparza may have been there, I couldn't tell you)

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1. Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.
寧做聰明的傻子，不做愚蠢的智者。
2. Fate,show the force:ourselves we do not owe;What is decreed must,and be this so.
命運，顯示您的力量吧，我們身不由己。命運如何，就該如何。
3. Moral inadequacy is nothing more than a piece of sin; after sin repentance, it is nothing more than a piece of morality.
道德的失足無非補上了一塊罪惡；罪惡悔改之後，也無非補上了一塊道德。
4. A flaw in the heart is a real foul; a ruthless person is a disabled person. Good is beauty, but beautiful evil is the spade of the devil's carving.
心上的瑕疵是真的垢汙；無情的人才是殘廢之徒。善即是美；但美麗的奸惡，是魔鬼雕就文彩的空櫝。

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Sebastian's twin sister who dresses up as Cesario and serves as a valet for the local Duke Orsino in Illyria. The Duke of Orsino assigns Viola to convey love to Olivia, but Olivia falls in love with Viola disguised as a man. Viola marries the Duke of Orsino in the end.

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Viola's identical twin brother. Sebastian thinks his sister has died in a shipwreck, and then Sebastian meets Olivia by chance. Olivia falls for Sebastian, mistaking him for Viola. Sebastian, who fell in love with Olivia at first sight, immediately agrees to marry her.

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劇中女主薇奧拉在傳達公爵的愛意給奧莉薇亞的過程中，雖忍受巨大的痛苦，卻依然完成公爵吩咐的事。相較之下奧西諾卻不是，除了自作多情地暗自流淚，甚至透過第三人來浮誇式的表達自己對奧莉薇亞的愛，這種缺乏互動的感情基礎下，更能理解為何在薇奧拉脫下男裝的那一刻，公爵會立刻愛上她。

劇中也有樓上/樓下的對照，就在上層人士奮力追逐愛情之際，還有另一批人以奧莉薇亞的叔父托比爵士為首。他們徹夜飲酒高歌，引來管家馬伏里奧的警告，而托比用一句話反駁了他：你以為自己有道德操守，世界上就不該有糕餅酒肉了嗎？ 也說出了嘉年華的必要。

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puicture from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Night

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The Duke of Illyria.
Viola serves as a valet under his door, and Duke Orsino fell madly in love with Olivia and eventually married Viola.

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Olivia fell in love with Viola, who was sent by the duke to convey her love, and finally fell in love with Sebastian and got married.

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Malvolio was Olivia's loyal butler, but was hated because of his arrogant personality. Malvolio was declared insane and locked up in a dark room.

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Sir Toby Belch, Olivia's uncle, insisted on marrying Olivia to the stupid rich Andrew, and together with the maid Maria, strongly encouraged Andrew and Viola to duel.

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Maria is Olivia's servant and Olivia's uncle, Sir Toby Belch is very friendly and ends up imitating Olivia's handwriting and forging a love letter to Malvolio, which drives Malvolio mad and gets killed. shut up in a dark room.

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A rich man dueling Viola to marry Olivia.