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The residence where Pershing's wife and three daughters perished in a fire, August 1915. [San Francisco Chronicle, August 28, 1915] (Kukuljan & Harper, 2021)

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Buffalo Soldiers of the Tenth Cavalry, Troop A, c. 1902. [Under Fire: With the Tenth U.S. Cavalry, Herschel V. Cashin, 1902] (Kukuljan & Harper, 2021)

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Pershing rose through the military ranks during a period of time when leaders were transitioning from being on the front lines with their men to being in a more secure location away from actual combat.  He had to develop skills of being more of a managerial commander than the heroic leader on horseback leading the charge. (Gabel & Willbanks, 2012)

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The Leadership Accomplishments of Pershing

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The Leadership Accomplishments of Pershing

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- While assigned to Sixth Calvary Regiment on the Great Plains, he led a series of Indian campaigns in New Mexico, Nebraska and South Dakota, establishing his competence and toughness as an Army Officer. (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

- During the Spanish-American war, he led the 10th Cavalry unit in Cuba and served along side Roosevelt's "Rough RIders" in the assault on San Juan Hill.  His leadership was awarded with a Silver Star for heroism under fire. (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

- In 1906 Pershing was promoted to Brigadier General, ahead of 862 senior officers. (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

- Upon the U.S. entering WWI, he was named commander of the American Expeditionary Forces.  He successfully led his men in the defense of bridge crossings of the Marne River in France, the month long Battle of Belleau Wood.  (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

- At the completion of WWI and upon his return from Europe, Pershing became the first ever six star general and was named the General of the Armies.  He then served as the Chief of Staff until the end of his military career. (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

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Gabel, C. R., & Willbanks, J. H. (2012). Great commanders. US Army Combined Arms Center.

John J. Pershing quote. John J. Pershing . (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.azquotes.com/quote/520725

Kukuljan, S., & Harper, K. (2021). John J. Pershing. SHSMO Historic Missourians. Retrieved from https://historicmissourians.shsmo.org/john-pershing#:~:text=Introduction-,John%20J.,the%20Central%20Powers%20in%201918.

Reed, L. (2017). 11 things you probably didn't know about John J. Pershing. Nebraska Today | University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Retrieved from https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/11-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-john-j-pershing/

U.S. Department of the Interior. (n.d.). John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service). National Parks Service. Retrieved from https://www.nps.gov/people/john-pershing.htm

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John and Frances Pershing with Helen, Ann, Warren and the family cat.  Library of Congress.  (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

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John J. Pershing was born in Laclede, Missouri September 13, 1860 and died in Arlington, Virginia July 15, 1948. (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)  Prior to attending the Military Academy at West Point in 1882, he taught African-American students at Prairie Mound School in Missouri.  Upon promotion to lieutenant he became one of the first white officers to command the 10th Calvary African-American soldiers.  During this time is when he obtained his nickname "Black Jack".  The nickname stuck due to his stern demeanor.  Pershing caught the attention of Theodore Roosevelt during the Battle of San Juan Hill, which garnered his promotion to brigadier general upon Roosevelt's election to president. (Reed, 2017)  In 1914, he took command of the 8th Infantry Brigade out of San Fransisco.  At this time tensions were rising between Mexico and the U.S. and he was sent to Fort Bliss in Texas to aid in border security.  While in Texas his house in San Fransisco caught fire killing his wife and three daughters.  His son was the only survivor being rescued by their black orderly.  Pershing went back to Texas and was charged with seeking out "Pancho" Villa in Mexico.  After the onset of WWI he was placed in charge of the American Expiditionary Forces which assisted the British and French in their victory over the Germans.  He finished out his military career as the Chief of Staff.  As such he updated military training techniques, emphasized physical fitness and started professional schools for military officers. After retirement he wrote My Experiences in the World War, which won a Pulitzer Prize.  He lays in rest in Arlington National Cemetary near his men he led during WWI. (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

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HS315
April 19, 2022

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Good:
- Demanded respect (Gabel & Willbanks, 2012)
- Compassionate and understanding - for his service in the Philippines and taking the time to study the culture of the indigenous Muslims (Gabel & Willbanks, 2012) & (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)
- Persistence - for his relentlace pursuit of "Pancho" Villa into Mexico (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)
- Dedication - for his service of 42 years to the military and contributiuons after to aid in the evolution of the Army. (John Pershing (U.S. National Park Service), n.d.)

Bad:
- Feared by subordinates (Gabel & Willbanks, 2012)