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Racism perpetrated by social and political institutions, such as schools, courts, or the military
EX. Many times, patients are unfairly profiled and denied health care or drugs. Racial profiling has become an everyday occurrence, and it impacts more than just the people involved. Several Christian denominations have apologized for discriminating against Black people by supporting Jim Crow and backing slavery.

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-Group of people, based on physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from others in society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment
-Subordinate groups are those who lack power compared to the dominant group
-Larger groups can be considered minority groups if they lack power
-This is involuntary, an ascribed status

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-Refers to superficial physical differences that a particular society considers different
-Less connected with ancestral and familial ties
-Race is not biologically identifiable
-A social process that marks them for unequal treatment based on perceived physiological differences
Defining Characteristics:
-Hair type
-Body shape
-Facial structure
-The way one talks
-Eye shape

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-Shared culture—the practices, values, and beliefs of a group
-This might include shared language, religion, and traditions, among other commonalities
-Doesn't relate to physical characteristics

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US- Women, African Americans, LGBTQ, Elderly, Individuals in Poverty
Fairfax County- Women, Low Income, Homeless, Religious groups
Woodson- Individuals with Poor Academics, African Americans, Low-income Students, Students in General
Example: Elderly might be considered a minority group due to a diminished status resulting from popular prejudice and discrimination against them

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-There is no relation to the genes and phenotypes of an individual
-The environment is what changes the phenotypic features of an individual
-No genetic markers define race as it is an idea we ascribed to biology (general race stereotypes have changed) ex. Regarding athletics, anyone who wasn't white was deemed to be weak
-There are other environmental factors that can alter one’s genes to adapt and better survive in that location
-All aspects of the characteristics of the human body are the same
-Human DNA isn't different enough to have statistical significance
-The avocado won’t change biologically, but depending on its location, it may be viewed as a fruit or vegetable
-The term "white passing" indicates tricking the system
-Evidence that everyone evolved from Africa and there's mutations based on location

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Term Definitions:

Latinx: Someone who can trace their heritage to at least one of 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, including Portuguese-speaking Brazil. This identity is tied to geography and excludes Spain.

Hispanic: Someone whose heritage includes Spanish-speaking people — from anywhere, including Spain. This identity is tied to language and excludes Brazil.

Quiz Reaction:

The quiz had me guessing what ethnicity the individuals were, but I did not do very well as ethnicity is not really tied to physical appearance. This proves how race is more appearance based and ethnicity it more culture based. I can see how some individuals would make conclusions about One's ethnicity based on their race, but it can be entirely wrong.

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Explicit: Explicit racism is overt and often intentional, for it is practiced by individuals and institutions that openly embrace racial discrimination and hold prejudicial attitudes toward racially defined groups, which they assume to be scientifically identified through genetics
Ex.

Hate groups (KKK, Neo Nazi, Alt-Right, White Nationalist)

Political groups that publicly attack non-white people (Trump, Tea Party)

Using a racial slur against a non-white person

Publicly and consciously supporting racism

Racist jokes

Prejudice: refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a group. A prejudice is not based on experience; instead, it is a prejudgment, originating outside actual experience.
Ex. A 1970 documentary called Eye of the Storm illustrates the way in which prejudice develops, by showing how defining one category of people as superior (children with blue eyes) results in prejudice against people who are not part of the favored category.

Racism: is a stronger type of prejudice used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others; it is also a set of practices used by a racial majority to disadvantage a racial minority.
Ex. The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a racist organization; its members’ belief in white supremacy has encouraged over a century of hate crime and hate speech.

Discrimination: consists of actions against a group of people. Discrimination can be based on age, religion, health, and other indicators; race-based laws against discrimination strive to address this set of social problems.
Ex.  In the late nineteenth century, it was not uncommon for business owners to hang signs that read, “Help Wanted: No Irish Need Apply.”

Stereotypes: oversimplified generalizations about groups of people. Stereotypes can be based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation—almost any characteristic. They can be positive, but are often negative.
Ex. All Asians are smart, blondes are dumb, etc.

Colorism: another kind of prejudice, in which someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group.
Ex. If a white employer believes a black employee with a darker skin tone is less capable than a black employer with lighter skin tone

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Implicit: refers to an individuals’ utilization of unconscious biases when making judgements about people from different racial land ethnic groups. According to a number of observers, implicit racism is an automatic negative reaction to someone of a different race or ethnicity than one’s own.
Ex.

Unconscious fear, mistrust or judgement of non-white people from both white people and non-white people

Fear of black people that causes police to pullover, arrest and shoot unarmed black people more than white people

Biasness towards black people that cause juries to acquit white police officers responsible for the murder of black people and convict non-white people more often

Implicit Bias:
-Thought processes that happen without one even knowing it (subconscious)
-Comes out of ordinary mental functioning
-Not nearly as explicit as racism
EX.
White = American, Poor = Lazy, Disabled = Weak
Peanut butter + jelly = black men + violent

Blind spot Bias:
-When one is able to see bias within others, but no themselves

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Article 1: Ali Wong publicly announced her plans for divorce and tweets went out with a picture of her with another Asian Actor. This resulted in the #WrongAsian

How it's implicit bias: This gives associations that all Asians look and are the same

Article 2: During the 13 seasons from 1991 through 2004, white referees called fouls at a greater rate against black players than against white players.

How it's implicit bias: This relates to blind spot bias as the reporters may not be able to admit they have bias within their callings, but are able to recognize bias within other individuals

Article 3: Light-skinned immigrants in the United States make more money on average than those with darker complexions, and the chief reason appears to be discrimination

How it's implicit bias: Individuals with lighter skin are favored and normalized by society

Article 4: African American and Asian job applicants who mask their race on resumes seem to have better success getting job interviews

How it's implicit bias: Individual will favor certain races and make untrue associations which ultimately cause trends of discrimination

Article 5: Black and Hispanic students and faculty members still encounter biases in the school system that make it more challenging for them to succeed in FCPS

How it's implicit bias: Students of other backgrounds such as being white are favored and have more positive associations resulting in them having better opportunities

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The everyday, subtle, intentional — and oftentimes unintentional — interactions or behaviors that communicate some sort of bias toward historically marginalized groups
EX.
-"You speak good English"
-"I'm not racist, I have several black friends"
-"That's so gay"

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-Criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity
-While hate/racism itself is not a crime, if someone ACTS on that hate they can be prosecuted.

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What the video says about White Privilege:

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What the video says about White Privilege:

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-The video highlights how individuals of color have to watch their actions, worry about how other people will react, and more, just because of the color of their skin. White individuals are fortunate as they never have to worry about this or deal with these types of situations.
-Based on the chart, more than half of Americans believe discrimination against white people exist today. According to the other chart though, only a small percentage of white individuals claim they have been personally discriminated against because they are white
EX. A black man has to cross the street and walk on the other side so the woman is not afraid

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Yellow Face: Asian Americans starring in movies are often misrepresented as they are perceived as white washed and jealous of the White actors. Oftentimes, individuals express how Asian Americans can't take the lead role. Bruce Lee film about Bruce Lee had a white guy playing his role

White Savior: The movie takes away from the experience of a black man as the main character is white. The movie's intention is to highlight racism, but the main character being white takes away from the overall message

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What Happened in the Story: A black man is taking a young white boy home from a playdate on a bike and the police starts questioning the two based on the color of their skin. They were clearly assuming the black man was bad and they continued to ask unnecessary questions.
How this Racism is Different: This racism is different because it involves the police and results in the minority groups getting denied of resources and certain opportunities.