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Part a:

•In two groups, study the guidance notes on paraphrasing on the following slides.

•Explain two paraphrasing steps (steps 1 & 2, or steps 3 & 4) to the rest of your group. Listen to the others.

Part b:

•In two new groups, practice explaining the paraphrasing steps again, but without your notes.

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Follow the four paraphrasing steps from Activity 3 to paraphrase these three sentences:

1. Research is ‘a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover new information or reach a new understanding’ (Cambridge University Press, 2021).

2.  ‘A primary data source is an original data source. The data are collected firsthand by the researcher for a specific research purpose or project. Primary data can be collected in a number of ways, such as interviews, observations and questionnaires’ (adapted from SAGE Research Methods, n.d.).

3. ‘Secondary data are preexisting data that have already been collected for a different purpose or by someone other than the researcher. Secondary data may be available through government agencies, databases, archives, or institutional records. Researchers may use secondary data to investigate new research questions’ (Given, 2008).

4. ‘Plagiarism’ involves copying ideas and words from other sources, without stating where they are from.

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Use the information from the video to define these terms: plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, fabrication.

If possible, also give examples of each term.

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Original version

1. Research is ‘a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover new information or reach a new understanding’ (Cambridge University Press, 2021).

Your paraphrased version

Finding new information and a new understanding is the aim of research (Cambridge University Press, 2021).

Original version

Your paraphrased version

Original version

Your paraphrased version

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Cambridge University Press. (2021). Research. Retrieved 9th December 2019 from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/research

Given, L. M. (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods [electronic resource]. Los Angeles, [Calif.] ; London: SAGE.

SAGE Research methods [electronic resource]. (n.d.). SAGE.

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Original version

Your paraphrased version

Original version

Your paraphrased version

Original version

Your paraphrased version

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1. Find synonyms to rewrite your quoted sentences.
2. Using the thesaurus to select a synonym from the list you find on a dictionary website.
3. Having a check to ensure the new word you chose is correct.

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When writing for professional book clubs, writers always refer to published works

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Original

3. ‘Secondary data are preexisting data that have already been collected for a different purpose or by someone other than the researcher. Secondary data may be available through government agencies, databases, archives, or institutional records. Researchers may use secondary data to investigate new research questions’ (Given, 2008).

3. “Secondary data is prestored information that has been assembled for a diverse goal or by the others besides the researcher. Secondary data can be obtained from the government apparatuses, databases, archives, or records of institutions. Researchers can find new research problems by utilizing secondary data” (Given, 2008).

4. "Plagiarism" includes duplicating thoughts and information from other sources without specifying the source. - good work, well done. :)

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Original sentence

1. Research is ‘a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover new information or reach a new understanding’ (Cambridge University Press, 2021).

Your own paraphrasing

1.Writer make a definition of research as a meticulous project that can help us to find something deeper and learn more than before.(Cambridge University Press, 2021.) - excellent paraphrasing, well done

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2.We can find primary data source(original data source) by asking someone,making a survey or watching something to find out some primary data which was not find in appointed project before.

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2.We can find primary data source(original data source) by asking someone,making a survey or watching something to find out some primary data which was not find in appointed project before.