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In 2004 The Children Act was amended from the 1989 Act after a young girl called Victoria Climbrie was failed by services and as a result lost her life. This piece of legislation was created to ensure the safeguarding of children and for services to work closer together to prevent maltreatment of another child. All agencies should promote working together when a safeguarding concern arises in the hope of improving a child’s wellbeing and welfare (Foster, 2020). All agencies that are involved with children have a right to safeguard them. All children regardless of their gender, age, race, disability, sex or religion have a right to be protected from any harm. This could include physical, mental, sexual, domestic or emotional abuse. This Act is promoting children’s rights and protecting them from being violated. Safeguarding is an action anyone can take to promote children’s welfare and protect them from maltreatment. Children have the right to grow, thrive and develop and be healthy. If the child is being prevented from any one of these factors it is cause for concern under The Children Act 2004 (NSPCC, n.d.). A child in a step cohabiting family has the highest chance of experiencing abuse. The rate of physical abuse in this family structure is ten times higher than any other family structure. For sexual abuse it is 20 times higher. This factor is going to impact on the child’s wellbeing as they will be less happy and comfortable in their family environment (Marripedia, n.d.).

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In the UK The Mental Health Act 2007 is a piece of legislation that has been designed to allow mental health professionals the right to assess and treat accordingly for peoples mental health disorders and detain if necessary. This is done with the interests of their own health and safety and also that of the public. The Mental Health Act 2007 states that children and young people must be treated for their mental health disorder in an age appropriate setting. This includes being in a children’s ward within a hospital to protect the child’s safety and rights (Lawton-Smith, 2008). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children (UNCRC) has been considered when viewing this Act. The UNCRC was founded in 1989. It tells us children’s rights and the importance of them (Lievens, n.d.). The UNCRC states that children’s views should still be heard and considered when being treated under The Mental Health Act 2007. However, the parental authority can override the child’s refusal (Parker, 2014). Children’s welfare in this act is covered as all people that have a duty of care towards this child should always make decisions based on the best interests of the child. All professionals that are involved with the child have the responsibility of keeping them safe and the right to report any welfare or safeguarding concerns. Children should always be fully informed about the treatment and care that will be provided. Assessed on their age and disorder is how they will decide the best way to explain (NHS, 2017). This piece of legislation is helping protect children’s wellbeing from being affected by mental health disorders. Mental health can affect all parts of a child’s life including relationships with others, physical wellbeing and educational development. The Mental Health Act 2007 is there to support these factors (NSPCC, 2021).

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Provision of mental health services for care leavers transition to adult services 2009

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Provision of mental health services for care leavers transition to adult services 2009

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In the United Kingdom to help the mental health of Children leaving care they provide personal advisors for them so that they are able to cope with stress and it gives them someone to ask for help if it is needed. A lot of young people leaving care have spoken positively about this and voiced that it has been extremely beneficial to them (Emily Lamont, 2009). Factors including lack of support and stresses will affect the wellbeing of the child when transitioning from care as they are unlikely to have family around them that are capable of this. The stresses of being independent and having to do things on your own accord could trigger mental health disorders to become worse in this stage. This provision helps provide support for these children to prevent their mental health from declining. However, they do realise there are still gaps in the provision that need improving. For example, the availability of these services (Anon., 2009). Children have a right to a needs assessment before they leave care. This assessment includes evaluating their living skills in an independent setting and their ability to manage finances without support. Care leavers also have a right to be involved in all decisions involving their transition as their views are important. However, the social workers will step in and give their professional advice as they have a duty of care and your best interests in mind (Commissioner, n.d.).

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Depression targeted in government policy shift 2009

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Depression targeted in government policy shift 2009

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In the United Kingdom the Minister states that schools have more of a role to play in children’s mental health as they should be preventing children’s mental health conditions from declining with an early intervention with children struggling. This could be done by introducing a play therapist. Since 2001 the government have funded mental health services by an increase of 50%. This has gone towards funding therapists, counsellors, crisis helplines and medical treatment for those in need (BBCNews, 2009). This policy is expected to identify those struggling from mental health at an early stage to prevent this from worsening. They state that the prevention can be done by providing a stimulating environment in a school or early years setting where the child can thrive. The policy suggests that children should feel safe in building their self-esteem and supported in doing so (BBCNews, 2009). Family and community factors can have a massive influence on a child’s mental health from an early age, so teachers, practitioners and any other professionals that work with the child should be aware and educated on the child’s background and home environment when mental health conditions are being considered as this can help them find the correct support for this child and create an early prevention (Systems, 2022). Children have a right to be protected from all forms of abuse. Children that experience any form of abuse are more likely to suffer with a mental health disorder. If the abuse can be prevented early and the child has a support team around them they will have a greater chance of coping with their mental health disorder (Rosa, 2018).

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The Mental Health (Discrimination) Act 2013 provides security for children and adults from being discriminated against for mental health reasons. This could include getting a job, getting a school placement, participating in extracurricular activities. (Government, 2013). This Act protects people with a mental illness from being directly discriminated or discriminated by association. Direct discrimination is when you are being discriminated against for your own mental health and discrimination by association means you are being discriminated because you are associated with someone with a mental illness (Landon, 2015). This Act is protecting the welfare of adults and children when it comes to seeking placement in their lives whether it is work, education or pleasure. It is ensuring that although they are suffering from mental illness this does not mean they don’t have the right to be equal to others that do not suffer with one. This Act also projects a wider message that discrimination against people with a mental health disorder will not be tolerated (Government, 2013).

Children have the right to protection against all forms of discrimination and harm. This includes children with mental health illnesses. In England it has been highlighted that the investment in mental health services in children and young people is unmet. This factor could have a great impact on a child with a mental health illness that is in need of support (Rosa, 2018).

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Inpatient provision for children and young people with mental health problems 2017

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Inpatient provision for children and young people with mental health problems 2017

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This provision is setting guide lines to the care a child or young person should be receiving as an inpatient. An inpatient is when they are admitted to hospital and placed in a bed to receive treatment (Frith, 2017). The Convention on the Rights of the child states that children have a right to quality healthcare services (Organization, n.d.). However, Mental Health services on average turn away 23 percent of children and young people that are referred to them for treatment meaning a child’s right to quality health care is not being met to its full potential. This is not supporting children’s welfare and wellbeing to the standards it should be. All children have the right to be healthy and receive care. The lack of spaces for patients of mental health services is going to affect a child’s happiness therefore the mental health problem may become worse and lead to an admission to hospital. This should be prevented earlier (Frith, 2017). It has been reported that there are a lot of late discharges  in the children’s mental health ward because they cannot discharge the child without the correct support ready outside the hospital or another facility to take them. This means that these children are taking up beds in the hospital that are heavily in need for other children suffering with mental health problems. Within this provision there are three standards of care. 93 percent failed to reach type 1 standard of care meaning improvement can be made (Frith, 2017).

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Transforming children and young people's mental health provision: a green paper 2018

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Transforming children and young people's mental health provision: a green paper 2018

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The Government suggest that the happiest time of a person’s life should be their childhood but with half the mental health conditions beginning before the age of 14 this is not always the case. The Prime Minister stated that he wants to have a fairer country with a caring society so this provision is here to support children and young people with mental illness that suffer with other areas of their life. For example, making and maintaining relationships and physical development. This provision has also announced that they are going to research to find the root causes and the factors that have impacted poor metal health on children and young people across the UK to provide equality. They want to support new mothers, vulnerable families and children with learning disabilities or mental illnesses. They would like to provide appropriate training for teachers in school settings to identify signs of mental health conditions and how to support, address and approach children in this situation (Education, 2018). Children have a right to health and happiness for which these factors influence their welfare. This piece of provision wants to allow these children’s rights to come more easily to children and young people suffering with mental illness. By giving teachers training on mental health this is benefiting children’s welfare by giving them a better chance of happiness and health and supporting children’s rights (Unicef, 2019). Factors that may influence children’s wellbeing in relation to this provision could be family and environment. If a child’s family does not make them feel safe and is not meeting their basic needs this would impact on their wellbeing and mental health. For the environment this includes living in a high crime rate or low income area as which could have an impact on a child’s wellbeing that could lead to mental health illnesses. The government can offer support to these families to help support the child (KVC, 2022).

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Children and young people's mental health - policy CAMHS services funding and education 2021

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Children and young people's mental health - policy CAMHS services funding and education 2021

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This policy covers health and social care, education and the National Health Service (NHS) and how the improvements will be made to support children and young people with mental health illnesses. They state that they would like to improve the access to psychological therapies and they care for the children and young people who see them for the next five years. This policy offers more funding towards mental health services. They specifically supported perinatal services and services for teenagers with eating disorders. They wanted to improve the treatment for these services within the next five years. The Government also introduced that in schools changes should be made to Sex Education but they must also introduce health education which will include physical health and mental wellbeing to reduce the stigma around mental health and to educate children on ways to help themselves and each other (Parkin, 2021). In the UNCRC it states that ‘children are human beings and more than just passive objects of care and charity’. CAMHS is a service funded under the NHS that supports children and young people with mental health illnesses. They supply a range of coping mechanisms and therapies. For example, cognitive behavioural therapy, breathing exercises and counselling sessions. This supports the child’s right to feel valued as a human being (Walker, 2019). This policy is also supporting children’s wellbeing by giving them the access to a service that allows them to feel safe and comfortable and teaches them how to find happiness in their own situations.

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Suicide prevention: policy and strategy 2022

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Suicide prevention: policy and strategy 2022

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This policy is in place to prevent suicide in England and to better support people affected by suicide. The policies aims for the next ten years is to reduce the rate of suicides in England by 10%. The NHS asked that all Clinical Commissioning Groups send out suicide prevention plans. They want to support all services that deal with suicidal bereavement and suicide prevention by funding. All institutions in education have a duty of care to support all children in their setting including children who suffer with mental illness under the Equality Act 2010 (Powell, 2022). Children have a right to life, survival and development. This policy supports children’s rights and welfare as they are hoping to reduce suicides and support the ones who have been bereaved and affected by suicide which is preventing a chain of suicides within families. Funding is put in to many services to prevent suicides and support a child’s right to life, survival and development. An example of services funded for suicide prevention would be, schools, Counselling services, NHS, Crisis helplines and multi-agencies that deal with mental health and suicides (nidirect, n.d.). Within this policy they aim to support children’s wellbeing by improving their state of mind and improving the support of services that will benefit them when going through mental health illnesses and thoughts of suicide.