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Phillipson noted that the dominance and spread of English is problematic due to its links with colonialism.

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Jenkins thinks that intelligibility and understanding is more important than perceived ‘correctness’.

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Kachru’s circles categorised varieties of spoken English around the world.

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English as a Lingua Franca: interpretations and attitudes - Jennifer Jenkins (World Englishes)

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English as a Lingua Franca: interpretations and attitudes - Jennifer Jenkins (World Englishes)

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A thoughtful breakdown of Kachru’s circles - Ana Valpa (2020)

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A thoughtful breakdown of Kachru’s circles - Ana Valpa (2020)

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Kachru Model “The Three Circles of English”

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Throughout the history of England and the British Empire, experts have proposed many models to try to classify English speakers. However…

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Konglish in Hangul to English Translation Table

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Konglish in Hangul to English Translation Table

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More about Konglish from Monash University

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More about Konglish from Monash University

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Lingthusiasm - a podcast about linguistics

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Lingthusiasm - a podcast about linguistics

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This is a transcript for Lingthusiasm episode 'Ergativity delights us'. It's been lightly edited for readability. Listen to the episode here or wherever you get your podcasts. Links to studies mentioned and further reading can be found on the episode show notes page.
[Music]

Lauren: Welcome to Lingthusiasm, a podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics! I'm Lauren Gawne.

Gretchen: I'm Gretchen McCulloch. Today, we're getting enthusiastic about ergativity. But first, next month, November, is Lingthusiasm's anniversary month. It's been seven years.

Lauren: For our anniversary month, we ask you to share your favourite episode or just share some lingthusiasm in general. Most people still find podcasts through word-of-mouth, and a lot of them don't yet realise they could have a fun linguistics chat in their ears every month.

Gretchen: Or in their eyes since all Lingthusiasm episodes have transcripts. We're asking you to help connect us with people who would be totally into a linguistics podcast if only they knew it existed.

Lauren: The other day, I shared our colour episode with a stylist because we were talking about the strange history of the colour orange. It's so fun to find that perfect episode to recommend to someone, and we've touched on so many different topics over the last seven years.

Gretchen: I'm always sending people to our episode on turn-taking and conversational styles because there's this comment that keeps coming up on social media about having to hold up the entire conversation by yourselves or not being able to get a word in edgewise. That's a linguistics thing that's been described. You can listen to an episode about it.

Lauren: We've asked you to do this every year on our anniversary, and we always see it in the stats. Your recommendations really do help more people find the show.

Gretchen: If you share us on social media, you can tag @lingthusiasm on basically all of the social media sites, so we can see it and reply, or like it, or reshare as appropriate. If you share it in private, we won't necessarily know, but you can feel a warm glow of satisfaction - or you can tell us about it on social media if you still wanna be thanked.

Lauren: In what is becoming another anniversary tradition, we are doing our second listener survey this year. This is our chance to learn all about your linguistic interests, and we have a new set of linguistics experiments for you to contribute to.

Gretchen: If you did the survey last year, the experiment questions are different this year, so feel free to take it again. You can hear about the results of last year's survey in a bonus episode, and we'll be sharing the results of the new experiments next year.

Lauren: This year, we also wrote an academic article about the process of making Lingthusiasm, which featured some of your answers from the previous survey. You are officially contributing to academic research. Because of this, we have ethics board approval from La Trobe University for this survey.

Gretchen: To do the survey, or read more details, go to bit.ly/lingthusiasmsurvey23. That's all lowercase and with the numbers in their numeric values - not written out as words.

Lauren: Or follow the links from our website and social media. Our most recent bonus episode was a recap of Gretchen's time at the 2023 Linguistics Institute, which is a month-long linguistics summer course. Was I jealous? Yes. Was I delighted to hear about it? Yes. Go to patreon.com/lingthusiasm for this and many other bonus episodes.

Gretchen: Our patrons really do let us keep making this podcast, so we really appreciate any level of support.

[Music]

Lauren: You know, Gretchen, in some ways, ergativity is the basis of our LingComm friendship.

Gretchen: You know, you're right about that that. I think it started in 2014, right?
Keep reading

When you have a sentence like "I visit them", the word order and the shape of the words tell you that it means something different from "they visit me". However, in a sentence like "I laugh", you don't actually need those signals - since there's only one person in the sentence, the meaning would be just as clear if the sentence read "Me laugh" or "Laugh me". And indeed, there are languages that do just this, where the single entity with an intransitive verb like "laugh" patterns with the object (me) rather than the subject (I) of a transitive verb like "visit". This pattern is known as ergativity.

In this episode, your hosts Lauren Gawne and Gretchen McCulloch get enthusiastic about ergativity! We talk about how ergativity first brought us together as collaborators (true facts: Lingthusiasm might never have existed without it), some classic examples of ergatives from Basque and Arrente, and cool downstream effects that ergativity makes possible, including languages that have ergatives sometimes but not other times (aka split ergativity) and the gloriously-named antipassive (the opposite of the passive). We also introduce a handy mnemonic gesture for remembering what ergativity looks like, as part of our ongoing quest to encourage you to make fun gestures in public!

Read the transcript here.
Announcements:
November is Lingthusiasm's anniversary month and it's been 7 years! To help us celebrate we're asking you to help connect us with people who would be totally into a linguistics podcast, if only they knew it existed. Most people still find podcasts through word of mouth, so we're asking you to share a link to your favourite episode, or just share Lingthusiasm in general. Tag us on on social media so we can thank you, or if you share in private enjoy the warm fuzzies of our gratitude.

We're doing our second listener survey! This is our chance to learn about your linguistic interests, and for you to have fun doing a new set of linguistic experiments. If you did the survey last year, the experiment questions are different this year, so feel free to take it again! You can hear about the results of last year's survey in a bonus episode and we'll be sharing the results of the new experiments next year. Take the survey here.

In this month's bonus episode, Gretchen and Lauren get enthusiastic about linguistic summer camps for grownups aka linguistics institutes! Join us on Patreon now to get access to this and 80 other bonus episodes, including our 2022 survey results episode, and an eventual future episode discussing the results of our 2023 survey.
Here are the links mentioned in the episode:
You can listen to this episode via Lingthusiasm.com, Soundcloud, RSS, Apple Podcasts/iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts. You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening.

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

You can help keep Lingthusiasm ad-free, get access to bonus content, and more perks by supporting us on Patreon.

Gretchen is on Bluesky as @ GretchenMcC and blogs at All Things Linguistic.

Lauren is on Bluesky as @superlinguoand blogs at Superlinguo.

Lingthusiasm is created by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne. Our senior producer is Claire Gawne, our production editor is Sarah Dopierala, our production assistant is Martha Tsutsui Billins, and our editorial assistant is Jon Kruk. Our music is 'Ancient City' by The Triangles.

This episode of Lingthusiasm is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike license (CC 4.0 BY-NC-SA).

What if there was a summer camp for linguists? Like, imagine you could just go somewhere for a few weeks or a month and do linguistics classes and go to linguistics talks and eat your meals with linguists all day every day? Well, this event exists, sort of, and they're called linguistics institutes.

In this bonus episode, Gretchen and Lauren get enthusiastic about Gretchen's visit to the 2023 LSA institute at University of Massachusetts Amherst this summer. We talk about cool projects that Gretchen learned about at this year's Lingstitute, including the Linguistic Atlas Project, the Oxford Dictionary of African American English, and the Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project (talks about all of these projects are now available online). We also talk about the history of LSA summer institutes (the first one was in 1928, almost a hundred years ago!), why they're not to be confused with the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL), which is a missionary project for Bible translation (awkward), and both Gretchen's history attending various institutes and Lauren's history not attending them (sorry about the FOMO though).
Listen to this episode about linguistics summer camp and get access to many more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm on Patreon.

This is a transcript for Lingthusiasm episode 'Look, it's deixis, an episode about pointing!'. It's been lightly edited for readability. Listen to the episode here or wherever you get your podcasts. Links to studies mentioned and further reading can be found on the episode show notes page.
[Music]

Gretchen: Welcome to Lingthusiasm, a podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics! I'm Gretchen McCulloch.

Lauren: I'm Lauren Gawne. Today, we're getting enthusiastic about pointing. But first, this episode is brought to you by all of the fantastic people who have supported the podcast by becoming patrons or buying merch over the years. We don't work with a big production company or anything; it's just us. We're really able to just keep doing the show because of your support both in recommending the show to other people and when you're able to help us financially.

Gretchen: I was pretty worried when we were first trying to figure out how to keep Lingthusiasm sustainable. Like, were we gonna have to run ads for some sketchy, learn-a-language-overnight type service?

Lauren: We get some interesting pitches.

Gretchen: Oh, we sure do. I mean, I don't think the language learning platforms are all bad. I just wouldn't feel comfortable endorsing one without trying it out for hundreds of hours, at which point, that's not really very cost effective. It's easier to just say no. So if you like that Lingthusiasm exists, and you wanna help us continue to exist for many years in the future, we'd really appreciate your support - especially on Patreon.

Lauren: Our most recent bonus episode for patrons was an interview with Martha Tsutsui-Billins - a name you might recognise from the credits of this show. We chatted about her work on politeness in Amami, fieldwork in Japan, and her podcast, Field Notes.

Gretchen: To listen to this bonus episode, many other bonuses, and to help keep the show running ad-free, go to patreon.com/lingthusiasm.

[Music]

Lauren: "Hey, look! This is a podcast."

Gretchen: "Yes, THIS episode, right here, now." Lauren, no one can see that you're pointing right now.

Lauren: Hm, yeah, it's a pity because this is one of my favourite types of episodes where we're gonna talk about gesture in an audio-only format.
Keep reading

Pointing creates an invisible line between a part of your body and the thing you're pointing at. Humans are really good at producing and understanding pointing, and it seems to be something that helps babies learn to talk, but only a few animals manage it: domestic dogs can follow a point but wolves can't. (Cats? Look, who knows.) There are lots of ways of pointing, and their relative prominence varies across cultures: you can point to something with a finger or two, with your whole hand, with your elbow, your head, your eyes and eyebrows, your lips, and even your words.

In this episode, your hosts Lauren Gawne and Gretchen McCulloch get enthusiastic about pointing, aka deixis. We talk about how pointing varies across cultures and species: English speakers tend to have a taboo against pointing with the middle finger and to some extent at people, but don't have the very common cross-cultural taboo against pointing at rainbows. We also talk about the technical term for pointing in a linguistic context, deixis, and how deictic meanings bring together a whole bunch of categories: pronouns in signed and spoken languages, words like here, this, go, and today, and the eternal confusion about which Tuesday is next Tuesday.

Read the transcript here.
Announcements:
This episode is brought to you by all of the fantastic people who have supported the podcast by becoming patrons or buying merch over the years! We say this a lot but it really is very much the case that we would have had to give up making the show a long time ago without your financial support. If you would like to help keep the show running ad-free into the future, listen to bonus episodes, and connect with other language nerds on our Discord, join us on Patreon.

In this month's bonus episode, Lauren gets enthusiastic about the process of doing linguistic fieldwork with Dr. Martha Tsutsui Billins, an Adjunct Teaching Fellow at California State University Fresno and creator of the podcast Field Notes, whose name you may recognize from the credits at the end of the show!

Join us on Patreon now to get access to this and 70+ other bonus episodes. You'll also get access to the Lingthusiasm Discord server where you can chat with other language nerds.
Here are the links mentioned in the episode:

'Why don't apes point?' - Michael Tomasellso

'Dogs' responsiveness to human pointing gestures' - K. Soproni, A. Miklósi, J. Topál, V. Csányi

'A Comparative Study of the Use of Visual Communicative Signals in Interactions Between Dogs and Humans and Cats and Humans' - Á. Miklósi, P. Pongrácz, G. Lakatos, J. Topál, V. Csányi.

'The way humans point isn't as universal as you might think' - Kensy Cooperrider

Discussion of lip pointing in 'Encanto' on Reddit, including video example

'Body-directed gestures: Pointing to the self and beyond' - Kensy Cooperrider

'Even Rainbows Have a Dark Side' - Kensy Cooperrider

Etymonline entry for '*deik-'

Etymonline entry for 'deixis'

Wikipedia entry for 'deixis'

Lingthusiasm episode 'Pronouns: Little words, big jobs'

'Pointing in gesture and sign' - Kensy Cooperrider & Kate Mesh

'How Pointing is Integrated into Language: Evidence From Speakers and Signers' - K. Cooperrider, J. Fenlon, J. Keane, D. Brentari, and S. Goldin-Meadow

'Comparing sign language and gesture: Insights from pointing' - J. Fenlon, K. Cooperrider, J. Keane, D. Brentari, and S. Goldin-Meadow

'On the autonomy of language and gesture: Evidence from the acquisition of personal pronouns in American sign language' - Laura A. Petitto

'Demonstratives and deixis in Tamil and Sinhala' blog post on Xavieremmanuel.org

'Spatial deixis in Iaai (Loyalty Islands)' - Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre

'Deictic categories in three languages of Eastern Indonesia' - Hein Steinhauer

Lingthusiasm bonus episode 'Is X a sandwich? Solving the word-meaning argument once and for all'

You can listen to this episode via Lingthusiasm.com, Soundcloud, RSS, Apple Podcasts/iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts. You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening.

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

You can help keep Lingthusiasm ad-free, get access to bonus content, and more perks by supporting us on Patreon.

Gretchen is on Twitter as @ GretchenAMcC and blogs at All Things Linguistic.

Lauren is on Twitter as @superlinguo and blogs at Superlinguo.

Lingthusiasm is created by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne. Our senior producer is Claire Gawne, our production editor is Sarah Dopierala, our production assistant is Martha Tsutsui Billins, and our editorial assistant is Jon Kruk. Our music is 'Ancient City' by The Triangles.

This episode of Lingthusiasm is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike license ( CC 4.0 BY-NC-SA).

Lauren: I think fiction is a really great philosophical experiment. It's one of the reasons I really find sci-fi to be interesting is because it can push the limits of what another mind is or what another mental state is to be thinking in. One thing we didn't get to in the bonus episode about Arkady Martine's Memory Called Empire is that there are people who have the capacity to take on the entire previous knowledge state of someone else. I just am like what would an evidential marking system be like for a person who has multiple consciousnesses worth of evidence for a statement.

Gretchen: Like, "I know this because my original consciousness knew this" or "I know this because the consciousness that I got added to mine later in life knows this." Oh, man.

Lauren: There're just so many layers of potential knowledge state there. That's the kind of sci-fi that lets me bring my linguist brain to problems of consciousness.

Excerpt from Lingthusiasm episode 'Are you thinking what I'm thinking? Theory of Mind'

Listen to the episode, read the full transcript, or check out more links about linguistics and society, and pragmatics.

Linguists often do research by interviewing people from a particular linguistic community. Sometimes these communities are nearby, sometimes very far away. Sometimes it's a community that the researcher is themselves a member of, sometimes this involves first building relationships with a community where the researcher is an outsider.

In this bonus episode, Lauren gets enthusiastic about the process of doing linguistic fieldwork with Dr. Martha Tsutsui Billins, an Adjunct Teaching Fellow at California State University Fresno, whose name you may recognize from the credits at the end of the show! We talk about Martha's research on politeness in Amami, building relationships on the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, and the role of outsider scholars in language documentation. We also talk about her relationship with the academic job market as an adjunct, her podcast Field Notes interviewing many linguists about their experiences doing linguistic fieldwork, and her role on the Lingthusiasm team helping us research examples for episodes.

Listen to this interview about linguistic fieldworks with Dr. Martha Tsutsui Billins, and get access to many more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm on Patreon.

This is a transcript for Lingthusiasm episode 'How kids learn Q'anjob'al and other Mayan languages - Interview with Pedro Mateo Pedro'. It's been lightly edited for readability. Listen to the episode here or wherever you get your podcasts. Links to studies mentioned and further reading can be found on the episode show notes page.
[Music]

Gretchen: Welcome to Lingthusiasm, a podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics! I'm Gretchen McCulloch. I'm here with Dr. Pedro Mateo Pedro who's an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto, Canada, a native speaker of Q'anjob'al, and a learner of Kaqchikel. Today, we're getting enthusiastic about kids acquiring Indigenous languages.

But first, some announcements. We love looking up whether two words that look kind of similar are actually historically related, but the history of a word doesn't have to define how it's used today. To celebrate how we can grow up to be more than we ever expected, we have new merch that says, "Etymology isn't Destiny." Our artist, Lucy Maddox, has made "Etymology isn't Destiny" into a swoopy, cursive design with a fun little destiny star on the dot of the eye, available in black, white, and my personal favourite, rainbow gradient. This design is available on lots of different colours and styles of shirts. We've got hoodies, tank tops, t-shirts in classic fit, relaxed fit, curved fit - plus mugs, notebooks, stickers, water bottles, zipper pouches. You know, if it's on Redbubble, we might've put "Etymology isn't Destiny" on it.

We also have tons of other lingthusiastic merch available in our merch store at lingthusiasm.com/merch. I have to say, it makes a great gift to give to a linguistics enthusiast in your life or to request as a gift if you are that linguistics enthusiast.

We also wanna give a special shoutout to our aesthetic redesign of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Last year, we reorganised the classic IPA chart to have colours and have little cute circles and not just be boring grey lines of boxes and to even more elegantly represent the principle that the location of the symbols and rows and columns represents the place and degree of constriction in the mouth. I think it looks really cool. It's also a fun little puzzle to sit there and figure out which of the specific circles around different things stands for what. We've now made this aesthetic IPA chart redesign available on lots more merch options, including several different sizes of posters from small ones you can put on a corkboard to large ones you can put up in your hallway. They look really, really good, especially if you have some sort of office-y space that needs to be decorated. Plus, it's on tote bags and notebooks and t-shirts. If you want everyone you meet to know that you're a giant linguistics nerd, you can take them to conferences and use them to start nerdy conversations with people.

If you like the idea of linguistics merch but none of ours so far is quite hitting your aesthetic, or if there's an item that Redbubble sells that you think one of our existing designs would look good on, we've added quite a few merch items in response to people's requests over the years, so we'd love to know where the gaps still are and keep an eye on lingthusiasm.com/merch.

Our most recent bonus episode was a behind-the-scenes interview with Sarah Dopierala, who you may recognise as a name from the end credits, about what it's like doing transcripts from a linguistics perspective and her life generally as a linguistics grad student. You can go to patreon.com/lingthusiasm to get access to all of the many bonus episodes and to help Lingthusiasm keep running.
Keep reading
[Music]

Gretchen: Hello, Pedro, welcome to the show!

Pedro: Hello. Thank you so much for this invitation. I really appreciate it.

Gretchen: We're really excited to have you. Let's start with the question that we ask all of our guests, "How did you get interested in linguistics?"

Young kids growing up in Guatemala often learn Q'anjob'al, Kaq'chikel, or another Mayan language from their families and communities. But they don't live next to the kinds of major research universities that do most of the academic studies about how kids learn languages. Figuring out what these kids are doing is part of a bigger push to learn more about language learning in a broader variety of sociocultural settings.

In this episode, your host Gretchen McCulloch gets enthusiastic about how kids learn Q'anjob'al and other Mayan languages with Dr. Pedro Mateo Pedro, who's an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, Canada, a native speaker of Q'anjob'al and a learner of Kaq'chikel. We talk about Pedro's background teaching school in Q'anjob'al and Spanish, which sounds kids acquire later in Q'anjob'al (hint: it's the ejectives like q' and b'), and gender differences in how kids speak Q'anjob'al. We also talk more broadly about why this work is important, both in terms of understanding how language acquisition works as a whole and in terms of using the knowledge of how children acquire Indigenous languages to create teaching materials specific to those languages. Finally, we talk about Pedro's newer revitalization work with a community of Itzaj speakers and the process of building a relationship with a community that you're not already part of.

Read the transcript here.
Announcements:
In this month's behind the scenes bonus episode, Gretchen gets enthusiastic about the linguistic process of transcribing podcast episodes with Sarah Dopierala, whose name you may recognize from the credits at the end of the show! We talk about how Sarah's background in linguistics helps her with the technical words and phonetic transcriptions in Lingthusiasm episodes, her own research into converbs, and the linguistic tendencies that she's noticed from years of transcribing Lauren and Gretchen (guess which of us uses more quotative speech!)

Join us on Patreon now to get access to this and 70+ other bonus episodes, including our upcoming linguistics advice episode where we answer your questions! You'll also get access to the Lingthusiasm Discord server where you can chat with other language nerds.
Here are the links mentioned in the episode:
You can listen to this episode via Lingthusiasm.com, Soundcloud, RSS, Apple Podcasts/iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts. You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening.

To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list.

You can help keep Lingthusiasm ad-free, get access to bonus content, and more perks by supporting us on Patreon.

Lingthusiasm is on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Mastodon, and Tumblr. Email us at contact [at] lingthusiasm [dot] com

Gretchen is on Twitter as @ GretchenAMcC and blogs at All Things Linguistic.

Lauren is on Twitter as @superlinguo and blogs at Superlinguo.

Lingthusiasm is created by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne. Our senior producer is Claire Gawne, our production editor is Sarah Dopierala, our production assistant is Martha Tsutsui Billins, and our editorial assistant is Jon Kruk. Our music is 'Ancient City' by The Triangles.

This episode of Lingthusiasm is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike license ( CC 4.0 BY-NC-SA).

A new round of Lingthusiasm merch is here!
"Etymology isn't destiny" on shirts, magnets, notebooks, and more! Aesthetic IPA chart now on posters, shirts, and more!
The International Phonetic Alphabet chart is sometimes called the periodic table of linguistics - an important technical diagram that's also visually interesting and which many linguists hang up on a wall, carry around inside a notebook, or simply know the exact keystrokes that'll get them to a page to type or listen to it.

Like with the periodic table of the elements, the layout of the IPA chart is a key to what the symbols mean: from top to bottom, the chart goes roughly from sounds where the mouth is the most closed to the most open, and from left to right, it goes from sounds where the constriction is the front of the mouth to the back of the mouth. This means that many linguists only know well the parts of the IPA that they encounter regularly in languages they work with, and rely on their knowledge of the overall structure to retrieve other parts on occasion. Hence the need to have it handy to refer to.

But there's also an important way in which the IPA chart and the periodic table differ: art. If you want a handy reference chart of the elements for your wall or your pocket, there are hundreds of possible designs, ranging from subtle, minimalist designs that look like cool nerdy art to intricate, maximalist designs with all the technical detail you might possibly want to refer to.

With the International Phonetic Alphabet, most people are still printing out (or occasionally stickering, or laminating) the same greyscale diagram from the International Phonetic Association. We, your Lingthusiasm cohosts, have a lot of affection for this classic design, which we've spent many hours poring over (especially the forbidden grey areas, ahem), but we also wondered, wouldn't it be cool if there was a more subtle, minimal version that would look more like weird-yet-stylish nerd art and less like a diagram from an academic paper?

For these reasons, last year we commissioned an aesthetically redesigned version of the International Phonetic Alphabet from our linguist-artist Lucy Maddox and put it on a one-time order of microfibre lens cloths. We've since heard from several people who missed out on that order or wish they could have the design in another format, so we've now made that available in several versions: the original square design as a poster, a version with rectangular proportions as a poster (depending on the shape of that blank space on your wall which needs a cool IPA poster), and a transparent background version that plays well on a shirt! The notebooks and tote bags also look really good with the aesthetic IPA chart on them if you want a version to bring to classes or conferences. Also someone requested a mouse pad so we did that and then we put it on an apron because why not.
Lingthusiasm merch generally
If you're looking for subtle-to-obvious ways to signal that you're a linguist or linguistics fan in public, gift ideas for the linguistics enthusiast in your life (or handy links to forward to people who might be interested in getting you a gift sometime), we also have many previous items of Lingthusiasm merch! There are many subtly linguistics-patterened scarves, water bottles with linguistics-related jokes on them, NOT JUDGING YOUR GRAMMAR, JUST ANALYSING IT shirts, or just have a browse. All of the Lingthusiasm merch makes a great gift for the linguist or linguistics fan in your life, and as a patron you get to find out about new merch before anyone else! Check out the merch page at lingthusiasm.com/merch for the previous rounds of Lingthusiasm merch.

As ever, we love seeing photos of any Lingthusiasm merch or linguistics-themed crafts in your lives! Tag us in them @lingthusiasm on all of the social medias (or private message us photos of your babies in Lingthusiasm onesies if you're not keen on posting baby photos publically, we still love to see them!)

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A podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne. A lively, deep, language-y conversation with real linguists! "Joyously nerdy" -Buzzfeed. New episodes (free!)...

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David Crystal - English as a Global Language

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David Crystal - English as a Global Language

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AO1 - what methods and terminology could you use to discuss English as a global language?

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AO1 - what methods and terminology could you use to discuss English as a global language?

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AO2 - what research and theories could you use to discuss English as a global language? How does this relate to the broader social and cultural ideas you've already explored at AS?

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AO2 - what research and theories could you use to discuss English as a global language? How does this relate to the broader social and cultural ideas you've already explored at AS?

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AO3 - what contextual factors might have an influence on discussing English as a global language?

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AO3 - what contextual factors might have an influence on discussing English as a global language?

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AO4 - when looking at different texts, e.g. from native speakers and non-native speakers, how could theories of English as a global language support discussion and analysis?

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AO4 - when looking at different texts, e.g. from native speakers and non-native speakers, how could theories of English as a global language support discussion and analysis?

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AO5 - how could you incorporate ideas about English as a global language into your own writing, as a blog post, the transcript for a video, or an article? How could you adapt this for different purposes or audiences?

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AO5 - how could you incorporate ideas about English as a global language into your own writing, as a blog post, the transcript for a video, or an article? How could you adapt this for different purposes or audiences?

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Lingua Francas - Seven Languages which Cumulatively Enjoy Official Status Across 75% of the World's Land Area

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Lingua Francas - Seven Languages which Cumulatively Enjoy Official Status Across 75% of the World's Land Area

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From the linguistics community on Reddit: ‘Lingua Francas’ - Seven Languages Which Cumulatively Enjoy Official Status Across 75% of the World’s Land Area [x-post r/dataisbeautiful]

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Explore this post and more from the linguistics community

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Ethics and Health Communication in English: Tackling the Consequences of Colonial Era Linguicism and Racism

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Ethics and Health Communication in English: Tackling the Consequences of Colonial Era Linguicism and Racism

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An interesting article about how linguicism affects health and communication

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When was the term 'Globish' coined and by whom?

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When was the term 'Globish' coined and by whom?

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How could 'Globish' link to other theories and ideas about English as a global language?

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How could 'Globish' link to other theories and ideas about English as a global language?

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Do you think the adoption of Globish is a positive or a negative? Explain your reasoning.

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Do you think the adoption of Globish is a positive or a negative? Explain your reasoning.

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Introduction to English as a Global Language