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under Panyu County

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under Bao’an County

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under Dongguan County

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under Xin’an County

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The Qing government lost in the First Opium War, forcing China to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain

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The Qing government was defeated in the Second Opium War, forcing China to cede Kowloon Peninsula to Britain

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The war was fought by the United Kingdom and France against the Qing Dynasty of China. It resulted in China being forced to sign the Treaty of Tientsin (1858) and the Convention of Peking (1860), which opened more ports to foreign trade, legalised the opium trade, and granted missionaries rights to travel within China

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Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory (1898)

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Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory (1898)

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The Qing government was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War and Britain took the chance to expand its territory in Hong Kong. Britain forcefully leased the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon up to the south of the Shenzhen River and the surrounding 235 outlying islands (the New Territories at present) for 99 years. (until 1997)

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NPC Constitution adoption with article 31 (December, 1982)

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NPC Constitution adoption with article 31 (December, 1982)

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The 1982 Constitution outlines the state’s fundamental system, defines the rights and duties of citizens, and asserts the importance of the Community Party’s leadership and the people’s interests.

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Signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration (December, 1984)

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Signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration (December, 1984)

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The Sino-British Joint Declaration is a legally binding treaty signed by the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China on December 19, 1984, in Beijing. It is formally set the terms for the handover of Hong Kong to Chinese rule, establishing the principle of "One Country, Two Systems" to preserve Hong Kong's autonomy, capitalist system, and way of life for 50 years after the transfer.

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The drafting of the basic law began after the Sino-British Joint Declaration. The drafting process involved public consultation and revisions, leading to its adoption in April 1990 for implementation in 1997.

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The NPC’s adoption of the Basic Law (April, 1990)

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The NPC’s adoption of the Basic Law (April, 1990)

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The NPC adopted the Basic Law on April 4, 1990, at the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China.The Basic Law, which establishes Hong Kong as a Special Administrative Region with a high degree of autonomy under the "One Country, Two Systems" principle, came into effect on July 1, 1997, upon the handover of Hong Kong to China

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implementation of the basic law and establishment of hksar (july, 1997)

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implementation of the basic law and establishment of hksar (july, 1997)

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The Basic Law came into effect on 1 July 1997 with the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (HKSAR). The Basic Law guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms including: equality before the law; freedom of movement; freedom of conscience and religious belief; freedom of speech; and privacy of communication.