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1834: The Royal Institute of British Architects founded

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1834: The Royal Institute of British Architects founded

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1857: The American Institute of Architects was founded

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1857: The American Institute of Architects was founded

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The Crystal Palace was designed by the architect Sir Joseph Paxton for the 1851 Great Exhibition held in London. It consisted of an intricate network of slender iron rods that sustained walls of clear glass. The giant glass and iron exhibition hall was located in Hyde Park, London. The construction occupied around 18 acres of land. On the ground floor, galleries 8 miles of display tables stretched across the building. The building established an architectural standard for later international fairs and exhibitions.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Crystal-Palace-building-London

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The Oxford Museum was built between 1855-1860 and was designed by architects Thomas Newnham Deane and Benjamin Woodward. It was created to centralize scientific studies and collections for Oxford University. Its design and construction were significant in the development of 19th-century architecture. The building consists of a large square central court with a glass roof supported by cast iron pillars. The pillars divide the court into three aisles. Ornamentation of natural forms, such as leaves, branches, and animals, covers the stonework and iron pillars.

https://www.archiseek.com/1860-oxford-university-museum-oxfordshire/

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1865: 13th Amendment passed, abolishing slavery in the United States

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1865: 13th Amendment passed, abolishing slavery in the United States

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During the 19th century, there was a growing demand for industrial progress through the development of railway travel. In response, the Midland Railway Company (MRC) needed a direct line into London and chose St Pancras as its site for expansion. It was a complicated site as existing neighborhoods consisting of 3000 homes and a burial ground needed to be demolished. It was designed and constructed in two parts, the station and train shed, designed by William Henry Barlow, finished in 1868, and the hotel, designed by the famous Gothic architect George Gilbert Scott, opening in 1876. Red brick and stone cover the exterior of the station, sourced from the surrounding Midlands and used as an advertisement for the products and skills of the area. The iron and glass roof of the train shed was the largest single-span roof in the World at the time of construction.

London St Pancras Highspeed

https://stpancras-highspeed.com/news-events/the-creation-of-an-icon/

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The building was designed in 1884 by William Le Baron Jenney and was completed in 1885. It is considered the world's first skyscraper because of its unique architecture and weight-bearing frame. It had 10 stories until 1891, when two additional floors were added. This was an unprecedented height at the time. It was demolished in 1931 to make room for larger office buildings.

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Gustave Eiffel designed the tower with a team of engineers for the 1889 World Fair held in Paris, France. Work began in January 1887 and was completed in 1889. At the time of completion, it was the tallest structure in the world. The lattice structure is made from wrought iron. The weight of the tower is balanced between four sections to resist wind pressure. the tower's design showcases the potential of iron as a building material and pushes the boundaries of structural innovation.

https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/brief-history-eiffel-tower-gustave-paris-when-why-built/

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1888: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Victoria Terminus)

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1888: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Victoria Terminus)

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Victoria Terminus, later renamed Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, was designed by the architect FW Stevens and constructed between 1878 - 1888. It was built to house the Great Indian Peninsular Railway and was the first passenger train service in India. Bombay Gothic style is used to describe the appearance of the station and was created by a mix of Gothic architecture that was popular at the time and Indian materials and motifs. The station was the first truly public building in Bombay and is shared by all religions, castes, and classes.

The Guardian

https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/21/chhatrapati-shivaji-terminus-cst-mumbai-railway-station

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1893: World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago

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1893: World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago

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The United States hosted the fair in 1893 as a celebration of Christopher Columbus's voyage to North America. Frederick Law Olmsted and his partner Henry Codman, were the architects behind the design and development of the site plan for the fair. The site was located at Jackson Park on Lake Michigan and used the lake, along with a series of artificial pools and canals, to create a spectacular seascape. Newly designed electric boats carried visitors around the fair to the islands and raised terraces for the buildings filled with the newest inventions and appliances. The fair established a Neo-Classical revival across America with its ideal depiction of ancient architecture and styles.

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chicago-worlds-columbian-exposition-1893/

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1904: October 24th, The first rapid transit line subway line on the New York Subway makes its first run. 

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1904: October 24th, The first rapid transit line subway line on the New York Subway makes its first run. 

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1903: December 17th, The Wright brothers' first flight

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1903: December 17th, The Wright brothers' first flight

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The building was the work of Baltimore architects Wyatt and Nolting, contracted by James Stewart and Co. It is an eight-story structure with a steel frame and pressed brick. It is recognizable by its Beaux-Arts style. It is adorned with intricate terra-cotta ornamentation.

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1920: 19th Amendment passed, women gained the right to vote

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1920: 19th Amendment passed, women gained the right to vote

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10 Light Street was constructed in 1929 and designed by the firm of Taylor and Fisher. It is built with Indiana sandstone and local brick over a steel frame. The exterior is decorated with human and animal imagery and capped with a copper and gold roof. It is a 34-story skyscraper that was the tallest building in the state, and the tallest office building in the United States south of New York City at the time of construction.

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William Van Alen designed the Chrysler Building for Walter Chrysler, the head of the Chrysler Corporation. The building's construction started in 1929 and was completed in 1930, making it the tallest building in the world at the time. It is constructed with a steel frame infilled with masonry and decorated with areas of metal cladding. It is designed in the Art Deco style, and its distinctive ornamentation is based on features found in Chrysler automobiles at the time.

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Construction began in 1931 and was completed in 1933. In 1894, the Pratt Library had the fourth largest collection in the county and one of the most active circulations. In 1927, the citizens of Baltimore voted to spend $3 million in city funds to build a new Central Library building. Clyde N. Friz was the architect chosen for the project. He wanted to avoid the old-fashioned classical style in his design to give the library an image characterized by friendliness rather than aloofness. One of Enoch Pratt's requirements was that there would be no stairs into the main entrance. He was committed to inclusivity and saw the grand stairs as a hindrance to some patrons of the library.

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A Streamline Moderne movie theater designed by John J. Zink, who was also the architect for the Senator Theatre. The Ambassador is large in size and is much more ornate compared to the Senator. It can be recognized by its commanding vertical sign. It is asymmetrical and broken up by horizontal bands wrapping the building. The flat wall surfaces are rounded at the corners.

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Soona Mahal was designed by Suvernpatki and Vora alongside consulting architect G.B. Mhatre. The building has distinct Art Deco features such as its clean, streamlined design, pops of bright color, vertical accents, and a rooftop turret to overlook the sea. Using new modern materials and technology during the 1930's architects transformed the look and feel of Bombay.

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This Art Deco office building was constructed in 1937 in Mumbai, India. Designed by N.G. Pansare, the building blends the architectural styles of Art Deco and Indian, making it Bombay Deco. This modernist style was popular during the 20th century, and its influence can be found throughout Mumbai.

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The oldest operating movie theater in central Maryland opened in 1939. The theater is an Art Deco landmark designed by the architect John Jacob Zink. He used a circular upper structure of glass blocks and limestone with multicolored backlighting, producing a dramatic effect.

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1939: Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Baltimore Building

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1939: Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Baltimore Building

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Built in 1939 in an Art Moderne style. A style that was created in response to the Art Deco style that arose in the 1930s because of the Great Depression. Its features have a close interaction with Art Deco's iconic streamline design, vertical structures, and geometric forms. The difference lies in Art Moderne's horizontal emphasis and smooth, rounded wall surfaces. It is identifiable by its minimal ornamentation and flat, horizontal roofs. This is a historic industrial building that is now used as a school.

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1957: Commercial Credit Company Building, Baltimore

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1957: Commercial Credit Company Building, Baltimore

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This Modernist building was constructed from 1954 to 1957. It is 19 stories with a base made from granite, slightly recessed from the upper levels. The windows form a repetitive geometric pattern covering the building. It does not have any ornamentation, emphasizing its minimalist design. It features clean lines and an open floor plan. With windows spread across the building, allowing plenty of natural light to come in.

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This building was designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and constructed in 1962. He was chosen as the architect after winning a design competition. It is made from aluminum and glass with a paved plaza as the base. It is a historic office building with a modernistic aesthetic. The building is simple and efficient in design with a geometric pattern covering its exterior.