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When researching the top countries that face most poverty, the top 5 were all in Africa. This the great struggle those in Africa have to go through

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I feel bad for those families that are struggling to make ends meet as I myself used to live in poverty, so I have an interest to help those families in need

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End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

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Poverty is the lack of access to basic human needs/resources or access to a very small amount. These needs include some of the following:

Shelter

Food

Clothing

Education

Healthcare

There are many factors that cause people to fall into poverty, the main one being financial reason, and low wages.

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When wondering about things people in poverty are missing, I ask myself, What is Poverty? And what are some reason people have to endure it . I found a site that talks about poverty,reasons for poverty, and things people in poverty don't have access to

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News and Press Release in English on World about Climate Change and Environment, Education, Drought and more; published on 4 Mar 2020 by Concern

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When research about Goal 1# on the SDG website, it stated that as of 2025 808 million people still live in poverty, and that by 2030 atleast 9% of the worlds population will still be living in extreme poverty.

That 9% may not seem like its so much but that 9% is at least a million people without access to necessities

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This is a site is here to help educate those on the current poverty and the history of poverty around the world. I never knew, that they mapped poverty I figured it was like an observation!

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The Geospatial Poverty Portal offers the latest data and small area estimation guidelines on subnational poverty, inequality, and multidimensional poverty.

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This one of many groups that want to put an end to poverty. This site tells us about steps we can take as a community to stand against poverty.

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The World Bank forecast that in 2021, severe poverty would increase to between 143 million and 163 million people. Even here in Canada, poverty rates are on the rise.

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I learned a lot about poverty after watching and listening to this video. I learned about poverty in the recent years, ways to combat poverty, and why it should be seen as a very big deal.

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4 steps to ending extreme poverty | Shameran Abed

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This site shows us which areas face the most poverty, using a color scheme. The top being

South Sudan

Equatorial Guinea

Madagascar

Central African Republic

Burundi

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Poverty is a state of being in which a person lacks the income (or other means of support) to reliably meet their basic personal needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. Poverty exists in every country in the world, though it is a more pressing issue in some countries than in others. The poverty rate is the number of people (usually expressed as a percentage) in a given demographic group whose income falls below the poverty line.

Poverty has a wide range of possible causes, from the amount of fresh water and arable land in a region to government policies or ongoing armed conflict. Additionally, natural disasters such as the COVID pandemic or the 2020 earthquakes in Puerto Rico can further strain an impoverished area's already scarce resources.

Poverty can be a cyclical trap. For people to rise above poverty, they need education, proper health care and sanitation, access to clean water, and job opportunities that can help them improve their financial situation. Unfortunately, people in poverty often live in areas low on these resources. Therefore, the people become trapped in a vicious cycle in which they can't get better jobs until they improve their situation (education is particularly helpful), but they can't afford to improve their situation until they get better jobs.

To help break the cycle of poverty, organizations including the United Nations, World Vision, and Global Citizen have worked alongside various governments to improve impoverished people's access to clean water, adequate food, affordable education and health care, and other needs.

Country-wide poverty is typically measured in one of two ways. The first is to determine the percentage of people whose daily income falls below specific baseline amounts, such as $10 per day. These baselines remain the same for every country, enabling a slightly different perspective on country-to-country comparisons.

The most widely used baseline amount is $1.90 per day, measured in 2011 PPP international dollars (INT), a theoretical unit of currency used to make country-to-country comparisons easier. People who make less than this amount are considered to be in "extreme poverty", which is to say they are the poorest of the poor. Additional baselines such as $3.30/hr and $5.90/hr are often employed to help count people whose poverty is slightly less extreme.

The second way to measure a country's poverty level is to determine the percentage of people or families who earn less than the "national poverty line", or poverty threshold-meaning, the annual income below which a person or family is considered impoverished. The national poverty line is calculated independently for each country because each country's economy is different. For example, a person earning $25,000 a year in the United States would have different opportunities than a person who earned $25,000 a year in Somalia.

10 Countries With the Highest Poverty Rate

The majority of countries in the world, as well as organizations such as World Bank, the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), and the European Union, set the national poverty line at 50% of a given year's median income. For instance, the median income in the United States was $67,521 in 2020 so the national poverty line according to the United Nations would be $33,761.

However, some countries use different calculations. The U.S. itself, for example, employs a formula first devised in the 1960s, which calculated the estimated cost of adequate food for a year and multiplies by three to account for additional costs (housing, utilities, medical expenses, etc). For 2020, this formula set the poverty threshold at $26,246 for a family of four-significantly lower than the more widely used World Bank method.

This discrepancy-coupled with the fact that those above the poverty threshold are often ineligible for aid programs-is the main reason that many anti-poverty advocates and policy experts including the Washington Post argue that the U.S. formula is badly outdated and has failed to keep up with the rising cost of housing and other expenses.

Globally speaking, the number of people living in extreme poverty has been on the decline for several decades, from 1.94 billion in 1982 to 696 million in 2017. This decrease is particularly encouraging because the Earth's population rose considerably during this same time period, from roughly 4.5 billion people in 1981 to more than 7.8 billion in 2021.

While overall poverty rates have improved considerably in recent decades, several individual countries have experienced a rise in poverty. As previously mentioned, 696 million people still live in extreme poverty, surviving on less than $1.90 (INT) per day. More than 430 million of these people live in Sub-Saharan Africa, the poorest region in the world, where more than 40% of people lived in extreme poverty as of 2018. Many countries in which poverty is rising have been plagued by political instability or conflict. Others are hampered by frequent natural disasters or ongoing environmental stresses (increased drought in particular) caused by climate change. Several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa face both of these concerns.

The poverty rate in the United States varies depending upon the method of measurement. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the official 2017 poverty rate in the U.S. was 12.3%. However, other sources placed it as high as 17.8%. Despite being the largest economy in the world, the U.S. also has a significant wealth inequality gap. The 2021 poverty threshold in the United States is $26,246 for a family of four. This means that households with two adults, two children, and a pre-tax income of less than $26,246 are considered to be living in poverty. Some states are more impoverished than others, and their poverty is exacerbated by high unemployment rates and a lack of high-paying jobs.

- Poverty Rate is measured as the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line(s). National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.
- The World Bank updated the global poverty lines in September 2022. The decision, announced in May, followed the release in 2020 of new purchasing power parities (PPPs)-the main data used to convert different currencies into a common, comparable unit and account for price differences across countries. The new extreme poverty line became $2.15 per person per day, replacing the previous value of $1.90, which was based on 2017 PPPs.

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Poverty is a state of being in which a person lacks the income (or other means of support) to reliably meet their basic personal needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. Poverty exists in every country in the world, though it is a more pressing issue in some countries than in others.

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This article speaks on the underlying causes behind Africa's extreme poverty. Reading this blog I learned about the internal and external factors Africa's poverty

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Poverty in Africa is a complex and wide-ranging issue that impacts millions of lives every day. Political instability, uneven distribution of natural and government resources, and climate change all contribute to this multi-dimensional problem. And the people who are most affected are often those in rural and remote areas.

In this blog post, we'll explore the underlying causes of poverty in Africa and their profound effects on families. We'll note some research findings to shed light on why this issue is so persistent in this part of the world. And we'll share the good news of the community-led programs facilitated by Outreach International and the sustainable solutions they can lead to.

A Closer Look at the Causes and Effects of Poverty in Africa

Economic Challenges and Unemployment

In 2015 the United Nations committed itself to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in its efforts to end global poverty. Its goals include improvements in health, education, equality, economic development, and environmental improvement by 2030.

However, at this point in time, Africa is not on track to meet these goals. Africa has the highest extreme poverty rates globally, with 23 of the world's 28 poorest countries, which have extreme poverty rates above 30%. Using the poverty line of $1.90 per day, Africa's extreme poverty rate was recently estimated to be about 35.5%. This rate is 6.8 times higher than the average for the rest of the world.

One of the key factors contributing to poverty in Africa is economic instability. High rates of unemployment, income inequality, and economic policies that sometimes fail to prioritize the needs of the most vulnerable citizens of an African nation all play a role. For instance, in sub-Saharan Africa, youth unemployment rates are staggeringly high. This makes it difficult for young people to secure a stable livelihood. Income inequality adds to the issue, with an extremely uneven distribution of wealth leaving many struggling to meet even their most basic household needs. This issue of economic disparity not only affects individual families but spreads through entire communities, preventing progress and development.

Health Issues and Access to Medical Care

A person's physical health is central to their overall well-being. But many communities within several African nations lack access to adequate healthcare. This puts them at unusually high risk of preventable illness and a lack of injury treatment. These issues not only result in a lower day-to-day quality of life but also have wider-ranging implications for stifling economic growth and development. This is especially true for communities in rural and remote areas.

And the COVID-19 pandemic only made matters more difficult for many of these communities. The Institute for Security Studies states that about 30 million more Africans fell into extreme poverty (living on less than US $1.90 a day) when COVID-19 broke out in 2020. Health problems can lead to reduced productivity and increased healthcare expenses. These factors perpetuate an unending cycle of chronic poverty. When people are too ill or injured to work or attend school, they cannot make strides toward prosperity. Addressing these health challenges is essential to breaking this cycle.

The community of Boyole, Malawi, was dealing with the most serious issue of a high mortality rate for children under five. The community-led organization in Boyole, the Tithandizane Organization, realized that children and young mothers lacked adequate access to the healthcare necessary to solve this problem. The organization submitted a proposal to Outreach International, which approved the project. Now, families in Boyole have a permanent clinic with a dedicated healthcare professional that is managed by the government health department. This successful project has led to adequate healthcare for 1,800 young children and their mothers, and is a shining example of the effectiveness of the community-led development process. (Read more about the Boyole children's clinic.)

Impact on Education

Education is the surest way to escape poverty. But in Africa, it's not uncommon for children to face barriers to accessing quality education. Geographic distance from adequate schools and inadequate resources in existing schools create significant hurdles for students. Also, children in impoverished families must often contribute to the necessary work of subsistence living, such as fetching water from a distant source and irrigating crops by hand. These time-consuming tasks can prevent a child from finding the time to attend school. This perpetuates the cycle of poverty into the next generation.

Also, the role of education in empowering adults cannot be overstated. Job skills training, literacy, and community development project competency all equip people with the skills and knowledge they need to improve their lives. But the lack of educational opportunities in impoverished areas hinders progress even for adults.

But Outreach-affiliated communities always seem to find a way to overcome their poverty-related issues, even under the most difficult of circumstances. During the COVID-19 pandemic, while poverty rates were spiking throughout Africa, our community groups got to work. They set up training sessions where community members learned how to make masks. They sourced their own supplies, created a source of income, and protected their communities in the process.

Environmental Factors and Resource Scarcity

Africa's current environmental challenges also create poverty-related issues. Drought, deforestation, and resource scarcity are all contributing factors. And there's abundant evidence that climate change is exacerbating these problems. These environmental factors often lead to serious poverty-related issues, including food insecurity, the hardship of displacement, and increased competition for limited resources.

Access to clean water, arable land, and other natural resources is essential for sustainable development. When these resources are scarce or mismanaged, it perpetuates extreme poverty in vulnerable communities. Addressing these environmental issues is not only a matter of ecological stability but also a pathway to economic growth and sustainable development.

Unequal Distribution of Wealth and Resources

Wealth and resources in Africa are often not evenly distributed in a way that includes remote areas. Some regions and communities have abundant access to natural and government resources and the opportunities they provide, while others do not. This unequal distribution perpetuates disparities in living standards and equal access to essential services.

For instance, in some African countries, like many places in the world, a small percentage of the population controls a significant portion of the nation's wealth. This leaves the majority of people struggling to meet their needs. According to the United Nations, the poverty rate in rural areas in Africa is 17.2%, which is more than three times higher than in urban areas, at 5.3%. This unequal distribution of wealth in Africa can lead to social unrest and instability, making poverty alleviation even more challenging.

Outreach International's Impact: Community-Led Solutions to Build a Better Future

Outreach International is making a tangible difference in the lives of communities in several African countries. We're dedicated to empowering local communities through innovative solutions and sustainable development projects. Our goal is to demonstrate to people who live in even the most extreme poverty that they have the power within themselves to improve their own lives.

Innovative Approaches and Sustainable Development

Outreach International is working with communities in the African countries of DR Congo, Zambia, and Malawi. We help communities solve their poverty-related issues with the methodology of community-led development. This work is based on the idea that improvements are most likely to be sustained if the people who benefit from the solution are involved in the process. Every community has a unique set of issues that keep it in a state of chronic poverty. This is why the people who live with these issues are the ones who are most qualified to identify and solve them. By involving community members in development projects, we empower them to learn, lead, and begin to solve issues on their own.

Poverty in Africa is a complex issue with deep-seated causes, but it's not insurmountable. Outreach International is creating positive change, and community-led organizations are making strides every day to lift themselves out of poverty and into a life filled with prosperity and hope that can last for generations.

How to Help

The fight against poverty in Africa is not one that can be waged by organizations alone; it requires the collective efforts of individuals like you. You can contribute to alleviating poverty in Africa through Outreach International with your donations.

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Poverty in Africa: Real-Life Consequences & Sustainable Solutions

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It's an issue that has affected millions of families for generations. But Outreach International is creating positive change in the fight to end chronic extreme poverty using the community-led development methodology. In our latest blog post, we talk about these most serious issues and all that Outreach-affiliated communities are accomplishing to improve the lives of their families.

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Reading this article taught me the many reasons behind South Sudan's extreme Poverty. Reason being external and internal factors.

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UMMA FOUNDATION | Why Is South Sudan So Poor? A Deep Dive Into the Root Causes of Famine

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South Sudan is one of the world’s youngest countries, but it’s also one of the poorest. Since gaining independence in 2011, the nation has faced extreme economic instability. The question “why is South Sudan so poor?” has complex answers involving war, political conflict, and lack of infrastructure.

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When researching about poverty, I've come to find that the top 5 areas that face the most poverty are the following:

Sub-Suharan Africa

South Asia

Latin America and Caribbean

Middle East and North Africa

East Asia and the Pacific

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The world has experienced substantial but uneven progress in poverty reduction over the past three decades. In 1990, at least half of the people in East Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa were living in extreme poverty. However, the pace of poverty reduction since then has been quite different across regions. In 2019 the estimated rates of extreme poverty in these three regions were 1 percent (East Asia), 9 percent (South Asia), and 35 percent (Sub-Saharan Africa). It implies a stark change in the distribution of global poverty over time, which is to be considered when allocating resources among regions to end global poverty.

The world has seen significant transformations in its demographic and economic structures in recent times. In 2022, the world's population surpassed 8 billion for the first time and, this year, India (a lower-middle-income country) has overtaken China (an upper-middle-income country) as the world's most populous country. About 57 percent of the world population was living in low-income countries in 1990, whereas only 9 percent of the world population is now living in low-income countries. In fact, population growth and income status are highly correlated, and their interaction may result in differences in the definitions of poverty across countries and over time.

As countries evolve from low to high levels of development, the concept of poverty tends to shift gradually from absolute poverty to relative poverty. Absolute poverty captures deprivations in basic needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter, and absolute measures of poverty are fixed in real terms across time and space. Relative poverty accounts for the lack of resources to participate adequately in one's society as it progresses. Measures of relative poverty are defined in relation to a typical measure of economic well-being (e.g., having a disposable income less than 60% of the median in the OECD). Beyond the satisfaction of basic needs, an individual would still feel poor if they are unable to afford a decent lifestyle expected of them in the society in which they live. Relative poverty, therefore, also captures inequality. More recently, societal poverty has been conceptualized as a middle ground for defining poverty, capturing both absolute and relative notions of poverty (see Ravallion and Chen (2011), World Bank (2018) and Jolliffe and Prydz (2021) for more details). These three ways of measuring poverty are discussed below.

The World Bank has official poverty lines that reflect these different concepts of poverty. These include $2.15, $3.65, $6.85, and max($2.15, $1.15 + 50% of median consumption or income), all expressed in 2017 PPP (more details on these lines below). The first three lines are the absolute poverty lines typical of low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income countries, respectively. As the income status of a country increases, so does its national poverty line, reflecting the relative concept of poverty. The societal poverty line incorporates both absolute and relative concepts of poverty. See Jolliffe ⓡ al. (2022) for the technical analysis underpinning all these poverty lines of the World Bank.

The question of where the world's poor live is a tricky one, because it depends on the poverty line being used to measure poverty across countries and not all countries are at the same level of development in any given year. Figure 1 shows that the regional distribution of poverty can be quite different, depending on the definition of poverty assumed.
Figure 1: The share of global poor by region The international poverty line: a measure of absolute poverty
The international poverty line, currently set at $2.15, is the standard metric for monitoring extreme poverty in the world. This standard is based on the poverty lines used in the poorest countries of the world, which are often set to reflect the budget necessary to afford enough food to meet basic daily caloric needs. If an individual lives on less than $2.15 a day, they are counted as living in extreme poverty. Based on this line, the distribution of global poverty has changed significantly between 1990 and 2019 (see Figure 2 for more details). In 1990, fifty-three percent of the world's population living in extreme poverty were in East Asia alone and 14 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, behind East Asia and South Asia. In 2019, only about 4 percent of the world's population in extreme poverty lived in East Asia. The burden of extreme poverty has shifted from East Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa, where about 60 percent of the extreme poor were living in 2019. Progress in poverty reduction in East Asia was so impressive that by 2003, South Asia became the region with the largest share of the world's extreme poor. By 2007, Sub-Saharan Africa became second after South Asia. Sub-Saharan Africa has since 2011 been the region with the largest and growing share of the world's extreme poor.
Figure 2: Share of global poor living below the international poverty line, %
The population of Sub-Saharan Africa has more than doubled between 1990 and 2019. Rapid population growth explains about a third of the global burden of extreme poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. Suppose regional population shares remained in 2019 as they were in 1990, and poverty rates for 1990 and 2019 remained unchanged, 40 percent and not about 60 percent of the world's population living in extreme poverty would be in Sub-Saharan Africa. Extreme poverty would still be mostly concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by South Asia. In fact, the relative ranking of the world's regions by poverty status would remain unchanged.
Income-group-specific poverty line: a measure of relative poverty
National poverty lines tend to increase with economic growth and richer countries tend to have higher poverty lines, even after taking into account differences in relative prices. This pattern is consistent with the principle of non-satiation. As income increases, the commodities people need for a meaningful life often increase. A one-week vacation would be a luxury in a low-income setting, but is one of the indicators in the European Union's material deprivation index and is therefore considered a necessity in this group of high-income countries. To account for this variation in needs across space and time, an income-group-specific poverty line could be defined that varies across countries over time, as they change income status. For each year, a country will be assigned the poverty line corresponding to its income status. China was a low-income country in 1998, graduated into a lower-middle-income status in 1999 and further graduated to an upper-middle-income country in 2010. Using an income-group-specific poverty line for poverty assessment would mean that poverty in China will be measured using $2.15 in 1998, $3.65 in 1999, and $6.85 in 2010. Having always been a low-income country, Burundi will be assigned the international poverty line of $2.15 for all years. See Figure 3.
Figure 3. The international poverty line and income-group-specific poverty line Notes: This figure illustrates the income-group-specific poverty line using data for 2017. Low-income countries (LIC) are countries whose gross national income per capita is below $996 and are assigned a poverty line of $2.15. Lower-middle-income countries are countries whose gross national income per capita falls between $996 and $3,896 and are assigned a poverty line of $3.65. Upper-middle-income countries are countries whose gross national income per capita falls between $3,896 and $12,055 and are assigned a poverty line of $6.85. High-income countries (HIC) are countries whose gross national income per capita is above $12,055 and are assigned a poverty line of $24.35.
The distribution of global poverty has evolved quite differently across regions when the poverty line varies with the income status of countries (see Figure 4 for more details). In the 1990s, when most of the world's countries were low-income countries, the distribution of global poverty was skewed toward East Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. As more countries in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa began joining the club of middle-income countries in the 2000s, global poverty shifted more to these regions. By 2007 when India became a lower-middle-income country, South Asia alone contributed to 36 percent of global poverty. When China became an upper-middle-income in 2010, East Asia contributed to 34 percent of global poverty. In sum, from 2010 to 2019, most of the global poor were living in South Asia and East Asia when using the income-group-specific poverty line. East Asia and South Asia have seen a lot of progress in reducing extreme poverty, yet a significant share of their people still have a relatively low standard of living. By 2019, 56 percent of the global poor were living in these two regions based on a relative notion of poverty.
Figure 4. Share of global poor living below the income-group-specific poverty line, % Societal poverty line: a measure of weakly relative poverty
In more recent years, when more countries have become middle-income countries, and most of the world's population are living in middle-income countries, the societal poverty line comes in handy. It presents a middle ground for defining poverty, capturing both absolute and relative notions of poverty. The societal poverty line is given as: max($2.15, $1.15 + 50% of median consumption or income) in 2017 PPP. That means a person is living in societal poverty if they are living on less than 1.15 dollars a day plus 50 percent of daily median consumption (or income) in their country of residence. It is a measure of inequality, as changes in its relative portion are driven by changes in inequality. It varies directly with median income (or consumption) and is country-year-specific. However, at very low-income levels (i.e., when [$1.15 + 50% of the median] is less than $2.15), the societal poverty line becomes the international poverty line ($2.15). The idea here is that, in such low-income settings, absolute (extreme) poverty is the relevant concept of poverty; it is too early to be incorporating the concept of relative poverty. For example, the societal poverty line for Ghana would be the international poverty line ($2.15) until 2000 and [$1.15 + 50% of median consumption] afterward when the country has become richer. For Burundi, the societal poverty line is the international poverty line ($2.15) for all years because of its very low levels of consumption. By contrast, the societal poverty line would be [$1.15 + 50% of median income] for all years in advanced economies, such as the United States. See Figure 5.
Figure 5. Societal poverty line Notes: This figure illustrates the societal poverty line using data for Burundi (a low-income country), Ghana (a middle-income country) and the United States (a high-income country). The y-axis is on a log scale.
Using the societal poverty line to measure poverty across countries also yields a different regional distribution of global poverty over time (see Figure 6 for more details). Starting off with East Asia as the leading contributor to global poverty (44 percent) in 1990, the concentration of global poverty moved steadily to South Asia in the 2000s, as economic growth occurred with rising inequality, particularly in India. By 2011, when inequality began to fall in China, global societal poverty moved away from East Asia to South Asia. By 2019, 27 percent of the global poor lived in South Asia and 24 percent of the global poor lived in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most countries in these two regions have been experiencing high or rising inequality. With the societal poverty line, global poverty shifts more evenly toward other regions, such as the Rest of the World (i.e., the rich world), Europe and Central Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean (Figure 6 & Figure 1).
Figure 6. Share of global poor living below the societal poverty line, % Summing up
When one defines poverty in a more dynamic way, such that the meaning of poverty changes over time and space, a more holistic approach is required to know where the poor live. Countries are at different levels of development in any given year, and countries' positions in the global income distribution change over time. The changes in the regional distribution of global poverty between 1990 and 2019 have been largely driven by three regions-East Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa-constituting about two-thirds of the world's population. These are also the regions that have seen drastic demographic and economic changes in the past three decades.

Regardless of the notion of poverty assumed, global poverty was mostly concentrated in East Asia in 1990. Extreme poverty has now moved to Sub-Saharan Africa and most of the world's population living in relative poverty are in South Asia, East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where a growing share of middle-income countries are located.
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the UK Government through the Data and Evidence for Tackling Extreme Poverty (DEEP) Research Program.

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Where in the world do the poor live? It depends on how poverty is defined

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The world has experienced substantial but uneven progress in poverty reduction over the past three decades. In 1990, at least half of the people in East Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa were living in extreme poverty. However, the pace of poverty reduction since then has been quite different across regions.

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This article speaks about the poverty those in Sub-Saharan Africa go through, and the struggles they face, like no food, no electricity, no education etc.

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Facts & Statistics About Poverty In Africa | Children International | Help African Kids in Need

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Get the facts and statistics about the broad challenges of poverty and hunger in Africa.

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This website speaks on the many problems Sub-Saharan Africa faces and how its all because of poverty.

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On the poorest continent, the plight of children is dramatic

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On the poorest continent, the plight of children is dramatic. Read the facts & figures.

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This article talks about the millions who live off $2.15 and how they lack access to many essential things.

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The Problem of Poverty in Asia

According to the World Bank, more than 320 million people in Asia live in extreme poverty, which means hundreds of millions of people are living on less than $1.90 a day - the standard economic definition of poverty. Everything they need to survive - food, shelter, clothing, transportation - has to come from this small amount of money.

As a result, hunger in Asia is a huge problem. The poor go hungry on a regular basis. What food they can afford is cheap and often lacking in the essential proteins, vitamins and minerals necessary to survive, let alone thrive.

The Inequality of Economic Growth in Asia

Asia and the Pacific have experienced steady economic growth in recent decades. Job opportunities have increased, and many of those jobs pay more than they used to.

Unfortunately, the benefits of Asia's recent economic growth are not available to everyone. Far too many people still live beneath the global poverty line. Poverty reduction efforts that have lowered the poverty rate in recent decades have slowed and are expected to reverse in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Too many people living in Asian countries are struggling to survive.

A large percentage of the Asian population is employed by the agricultural sector. Farms are located in rural areas, and at least three out of every four people in rural communities in Asia Pacific are poor. ¹

In fact, more than four out of every five people in South Asia who suffer from hunger live in rural communities, and the situation in rural communities in East Asia and the Pacific isn't much better. Seventy-five percent of the people living in rural East Asia and the Pacific are poor and struggling to afford food.

Economically, most jobs that pay enough to help people live above the poverty line are found in sectors other than agriculture. Most of the jobs are also only available in urban areas. But many families cannot afford to move in an attempt to find a better job. Even if a family can relocate, these other jobs may require training or education that adults don't have access to.

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According to the World Bank, more than 320 million people in Asia live in extreme poverty, which means hundreds of millions of people are living on less than $1.90 a day - the standard economic definition of poverty. Everything they need to survive - food, shelter, clothing, transportation - has to come from this small amount of money.

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Factors leading to Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbeans

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Factors leading to Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbeans

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When reading this article I found out mean reasons behind the poverty that takes place in these areas. The article also suggests polices that may or may not positively impact Latin America and the Caribbeans poverty situation.

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Latin America and the Caribbean is the world's most unequal region. The 10% highest earners make on average 12 times more than the poorest 10%. This compares to a ratio of 4 on average for developed countries in OECD. In addition, one in five citizens of Latin America and the Caribbean is poor.

In Colombia, Chile and Uruguay, around one percent of the population controls between 37 and 40 percent of total wealth, while the poorest half of the population controls only one tenth of the wealth.

The level is much higher than the 20% to 30% range western Europe and Scandinavia. It is in fact close to the United States (42%).

Between 1990 and 2014 the region saw its inequality reduced. Progress since has stalled. Governments need better evidence on how to tackle this problem, which has different causes and drivers in each of the region's countries.

The Inter-American Development Bank has teamed with London School of Economics, Yale University, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, and academics from more a dozen leading universities to launch a comprehensive rethink of the inequality problem in Latin America through critical reviews of the literature, new data, and new analyses.

The papers published by this project show that inequality is neither as predictable nor as static as is widely believed:

The region is home to countries with extremely high-income inequality such as Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama and Honduras.

But it also includes Bolivia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador and Uruguay, where income gaps are on a par with the United States.

Inequality has fluctuated over time. In most countries it rose rapidly in the 1970s, peaked in the 1990s, and then began to gradually fall. Today inequality in the region is lower than it was three decades ago, but since 2014 it has plateaued.

Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru managed to significantly reduce inequality between 1980 till 2010, even though their levels remain high. In Costa Rica, inequality has increased steadily over this period.

These new studies also indicate that wealth inequality seems to be deeper than income inequality in the region.

Many low-income households actually have negative equity, because their outstanding debts are greater than the value of their home, vehicles and other assets.

We are also finding new evidence that inequality is passed from one generation to another.

One study shows that between 44 percent (Argentina) and 63 percent (Guatemala) of current income inequality is explained by "inherited" factors.

Being born in a low-income neighborhood, belonging to an ethnic minority, and having parents with limited schooling or low-paying occupations all contribute to "inherited" inequality.

New evidence shows that geography matters. While most of the region's people live in cities, this study of nine countries shows that rural dynamics explain between 11 percent (Uruguay) and 58 percent (Bolivia) of overall income inequality.

This is not only due to the large gaps between rural and urban incomes, but rather to pronounced differences between low and high-productivity farmers.

This richer and more layered understanding of inequality should enable governments to abandon some policies, refine others and test entirely new approaches that are more tailored to the specific needs.

Several papers from this project begin to consider what these opportunities might be in specific sectors:

In health, a new analysis explores how differences in healthcare use and health outcomes are related to whether individuals are participating in either contributory or non-contributory healthcare subsystems.

In education, this study looks at how differences in both the quantity and quality of schooling interact with other forms of inequality, such as income and labor market outcomes.

Given the importance of conditional cash transfers in many of the region's countries, this analysis of 17 countries seeks to identify factors that keep these transfers from reducing poverty and inequality.

Pensions will be an increasingly important mitigator of inequality as the region ages in the years ahead. Since most pension systems are subsidized, this paper examines the extent to which subsidies tend to be regressive, benefiting upper-income recipients more than lower-income beneficiaries. It also shows how non-contributory pensions systems, if well-targeted, can improve the redistributive properties of pension systems.

Children's school attendance and women's labor force participation are also key drivers of inequality. This paper uses data from 25 countries to explore how changing family structures affect children's attendance and performance at school and women's ability to enter the labor market.

Worker turnover can also have implications for wage inequality. This study documents a higher positive annual wage growth rate for job-to-job changers compared to stayers, and it shows that younger workers benefit relatively more from the positive effects of job changes. It also indicates that total job separations and transitions from formal into informal employment occur more often among low-skill and young individuals.

POLICIES THAT CAN INCREASE POSITIVE IMPACTS

Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean isn't just unacceptably high; it is responsive to factors that can make it more-or less-"inherited." To get at the roots of this problem, governments must abandon old assumptions and apply the latest insights.

For instance, countries with many workers with informal contract arrangements would need a different set of policies for its tax and pension systems.

Traditional strategies such as expanding and improving the quality of education and offering cash assistance to low-income households can be effective but not sufficient. Governments must promote economic growth that can generate more productive (and formal) jobs and adopt smarter, more adaptive fiscal policies.

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The Complexities of Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean

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Latin America and the Caribbean is the world's most unequal region. The 10% highest earners make on average 12 times more than the poorest 10%. This compares to a ratio of 4 on average for developed countries in OECD.

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The devastating poverty in the Middle east

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The devastating poverty in the Middle east

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This article explains the devastating poverty Middle Easterners have to go through. The poverty they go through is far worse than others make it out to be.

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

* Poverty rates in the Middle East are as much as four times higher than previously assumed

* About 250 million people out of 400 million across 10 Arab countries, or two-thirds of the total population, were classified as poor or vulnerable

* "Mass pauperization" in the Middle East makes the region the most unequal in the world

* A poor family in the Middle East today will remain poor for several generations

* With governments in the Middle East unable to deliver basic services and opportunities, young people are turning to religious, sectarian, and ethnic organizations like Hezbollah and the Muslim Brotherhood to fill the void

News reports and political leaders' statements on refugees, terrorism, migrants, and sectarian wars tend to dominate discussions about conditions in the Middle East. The actual situation is actually far worse, because deep below these surface manifestations of our distress lurks a much more destructive force that contributes to the terrible events we witness daily - a force that has started to tear the region apart from the inside. Poverty and inequality are the twin anchors of an inexorably damaging dynamic that ultimately sends tens of millions of families into agonizing cycles of vulnerability, helplessness, marginalization, and, in many cases, alienation from their state and society.

The absolute extent of poverty and inequality in Arab lands has been quantified in recent years, thanks to research by organizations like the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank, and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), as well as research supported by Carnegie Corporation of New York. As we are learning, rates of poverty and vulnerability in the Arab region are much higher than had been previously thought.

These new insights come from the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which gauges poverty and vulnerability more accurately than previously used measures that relied upon income or daily per capita expenditures to make assessments. Published by UNDP and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), the MPI captures families' actual total life conditions because it expands on family spending to account for other key well-being indicators in health, education, and living standards (such as nutrition, child mortality, years of schooling, sanitation, electricity, drinking water, and assets, among other factors).

According to ESCWA data, 116 million people across 10 Arab countries, or 41 percent of the total population, were classified as poor, while another 25 percent were vulnerable to poverty.

MPI analyses reveal poverty rates as much as four times higher than previously assumed, partly because MPI looks at a country's wealthiest along with its poorest; earlier daily expenditure measures often missed the whole picture, according to ESCWA economist Khalid Abu-Ismail, who heads a Beirut-based team of researchers that has been exploring every dimension of this issue for several years now. As Abu-Ismail pointed out in a recent interview, according to ESCWA data, 116 million people across 10 Arab countries, or 41 percent of the total population, were classified as poor, while another 25 percent were vulnerable to poverty. This translates to an estimated 250 million people who may be poor or vulnerable out of a population of 400 million. (A family is considered vulnerable if its income barely covers essential life needs, but any drop in income or increase in costs would plunge it into poverty.) That figure represents two-thirds of the total Arab population.

These levels of family economic stress are confirmed by separate findings in regional surveys. Regular surveys of Arab individuals' political/social attitudes and their living conditions across the entire region have been conducted by the Arab Barometer consortium of American and Arab universities and research centers, a Corporation grantee, and by the Doha-based Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. These surveys reveal that since 2010, the percentage of families across the region that cannot afford to cover their basic monthly needs, or that can do so only by borrowing or seeking aid, fluctuates between 70 and 85 percent of all families. These indicators of mass pauperization and vulnerability also show that the middle class in non-oil producing Arab states is shrinking. As middle-income families slide into vulnerability, vulnerable families in turn fall into poverty.*

Mass poverty also means that the Middle East is the most unequal region in the world, with the top 10 percent of its people accounting for 64 percent of wealth.** Inequality cuts across virtually every sector of life and society, including the rural/urban divide, gender, income, and ethnicity, because in the Middle East inequality is a deeply engrained structural problem rather than the fleeting result of short-term economic stresses.

Mass pauperization in the Arab world means that several hundred million individuals find themselves with poor basic sustenance, no political power or voice, and little hope for improvement in their lives. Their desperation is heightened by parallel dangers to society as a whole, such as widening corruption and massive environmental abuse. The pain and bewilderment of chronically insecure families exacerbates the cascading trends that now define much of the Arab region: the gradual polarization of individual countries, fracturing along ethnic, sectarian, class, or ideological lines; the focus of central governments on their main political constituents, leading them to retreat from their responsibility to serve all citizens; and insurrections, wars, separatist movements, and political violence spread across the region - often assisted by external powers, with conflicts spilling over to other countries in the form of terrorism, refugees, and migrants.

When citizens protest declining living standards and diminishing life opportunities, most Arab governments continue to respond with stronger security measures. This approach, usually with consistent foreign support from both the East and the West, has for decades left the Arab region with tens of millions of semi-educated young people without steady jobs or steady income, languishing without hope in the dead-end informal labor market and politically impotent. In recent years we have seen that they are no longer silent. The 2010-11 Arab uprisings, the recurring demonstrations since then in half a dozen Arab countries (especially Jordan, Iraq, and Lebanon), and the latest mass citizen rebellions for civilian governance and dignity in Algeria and Sudan have been the most telling political responses to this condition. This feeling of hopelessness in the Arab world also led to the short-lived Islamic State controlling vast swaths of Syria and Iraq, the legal or illegal migration of millions of Arabs to other countries, and protracted civil wars in Yemen, Libya, and Syria.

We now also appreciate more clearly that poverty and its attendant inequalities are a long-term threat because they are intimately associated with other deficiencies in education, labor, and political rights that keep people poor, strain societies, and weaken entire countries.

Poverty's new agony, the latest studies show, is that a poor family today will remain poor for several generations, due to the inability of economies to generate enough new jobs and the debilitating and lasting effects of family conditions on education and child welfare. We now also appreciate more clearly that poverty and its attendant inequalities are a long-term threat because they are intimately associated with other deficiencies in education, labor, and political rights that keep people poor, strain societies, and weaken entire countries. Today, the latest dangerous dimension to this trajectory is occurring before our very eyes in shattered countries like Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, and others. Desperate citizens, grasping at any available support to stay alive, open the gates to direct foreign interference in their countries, including by regional powers, which can come in the form of creating and funding militias, providing armaments, or directly engaging in warfare. Destructive direct foreign intervention is one of the most dynamic growth sectors in the Arab region, practiced by Arab governments and nonstate militant groups such as al Qaeda; non-Arab countries like Iran, Turkey, and Israel; and foreign powers like the U.S., Russia, France, and the U.K.

In the face of these troubling realities, one positive note is that we know how we got here, and with better analysis and parallel political will we can find our way out of it. Better governance and more effective public policies can turn around today's harsh downward trends. A considerable amount of new research by Arab and international scholars is providing the foundational knowledge required to start moving down this path, including numerous analytical and policy-oriented studies by indigenous institutions and individuals supported by Carnegie Corporation of New York and other foundations.

Hillary Wiesner, director of the Transnational Movements and the Arab Region program at Carnegie Corporation of New York, has long appreciated how academic research can clarify the many contemporary drivers of sustained or intermittent conflicts. She recently explained that Corporation funding aims to build on and draw links to the region's own expertise on a range of underlying issues like state and citizenship, inclusive economies, cities and services, employment, and education. "We all stand to benefit from in-depth analysis coupled with effective dissemination, particularly from regional scholars," Wiesner said. "The Corporation's support to the region's knowledge sector aims to empower local institutions and communities - ultimately to improve outcomes and conditions in the region. We see political science and social sciences expanding significantly, thanks to professional organizations such as the Arab Council for the Social Sciences."

Another such initiative is Alternative Policy Solutions (APS), a project based at The American University in Cairo, which produces evidence-based, participatory, and actionable policy research in the areas of socioeconomic reform, resource management, and public services. Sophisticated multisectoral research, undertaken mostly by Arab scholars in cooperation with their international colleagues, is helping us unravel the critical underpinnings of mass Arab poverty and inequality as well as the political turbulence they inevitably trigger. One of the most important research outcomes lays bare poverty's connection to other debilitating conditions that stun tens of millions of marginalized families - often for generations to come. These include poor education, informal labor, weak state social services and social protection systems, environmental stresses, and populations that grow faster than economies.

For example, analyses of international test scores show that around half of all mid-primary and mid-secondary school students in Arab public schools do not meet basic learning outcomes in reading, writing, and mathematics. These students often drop out of school or graduate without being able to find productive work commensurate to their education, which helps explain why nearly 60 percent of Arab labor today is in the informal sector. Such workers enjoy no protections like minimum wage, maximum working hours, health insurance, or pension plans (only around 30 percent of Arab workers have pension plans). The poor education/labor informality cycle guarantees continued poverty and vulnerability for generations to come for two reasons. First, Arab governments and economies are unable to generate enough new decent jobs to reduce unemployment. New entrants to the labor market have nowhere to go. The International Monetary Fund and other organizations estimate that the Arab region must create 60 to 100 million jobs by 2030, and 27 million of those in the next five years, to make a significant dent in unemployment. For economic managers in the Arab region today, whether in the private or the public sector, this is clearly an impossible task - especially since regional economic trends, including the creation of new jobs, can be influenced by such factors as erratic performances in tourism, direct foreign investment, worker remittances, commercial trade, energy prices, and foreign aid. Second, low household education levels and poor early childhood development indicators, such as the increasingly common incidence of stunting, are signs that families will continue to suffer long-term poverty and marginalization.

Populations also continue to grow faster than the economic expansion required to meet people's basic needs for jobs and social services. Reversing decades-old trends, fertility rates have recently risen in a few countries, translating into an estimated annual nine million births in the Arab region (nearly two million of those in Egypt alone). Many of these children will face hard life prospects, given the inability of current state policies to meet the needs of their populations, let alone the millions more people being born every year.

Poverty and inequality send tens of millions of politically powerless individuals down a one-way path to vulnerability, marginalization, helplessness, and hopelessness. That is the ultimate devastation. As a result, millions of them become alienated from their governments, which no longer provide the basic services and opportunities that they had once delivered with some sustained success. Instead, many find not only succor but essential services in established religious, ethnic, tribal, political, and professional organizations that have grown to play a more and more prominent role in state and society, often edging out government as the main animating force in how individuals interact with their state. National coherence and integrity start to fray, and powerful nonstate actors expand and come to share sovereignty with the state, whether formally like Hezbollah and Hamas, or informally like Muslim Brotherhood groups and local sectarian and tribal organizations in Yemen, Iraq, Libya, and Somalia. A few individuals consider the option of joining militant groups challenging the state and its established order through violence. Some families risk illegal migration abroad, with thousands perishing along the way - all because the risk of staying and possibly dying at home is greater than the risk of fleeing to find a new life.

Such life trajectories are the most dramatic and tragic consequence resulting from the expansion of poverty and inequality, which have now reached crisis proportions in many Arab countries. Yet, this situation still lacks the attention it deserves, and several hundred million poor and vulnerable Arabs are waiting on remedial policies as they struggle to make ends meet or to - merely - stay alive in their ever-more turbulent societies.

* According to ESCWA economists who have analyzed the issue, the middle class in non-oil producing Arab countries has shrunk from 45 percent to 33 percent of the population.

** Comparatively, the top 10 percent of the population accounts for 37 percent of the wealth in western Europe and 47 percent in the United States. See Facundo Alvaredo, Lydia Assouad, and Thomas Piketty, "Measuring Inequality in the Middle East 1990-2016: The World's Most Unequal Region?," Review of Income and Wealth (October 2018).

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How Poverty and Inequality Are Devastating the Middle East | Arab Region Transitions | Carnegie Corporation of New York

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Hundreds of millions of people are ensnared in a cycle of poverty, despair, and hopelessness that will haunt the region for generations to come

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This article explains how almost half a billion people live off $2.19 in North Africa. It explains how some of the reasons behind their extreme poverty is they're lack of medicare, as they are prone to many illnesses.

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EBSCO Information Services, Inc. | www.ebsco.com

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The world's second-largest continent, Africa has an area of 11.7 million square miles (30.3 million square kilometers). North and sub-Saharan Africa are divided by the Sahara, a desert with a land area greater than that of the continental United States. Sub-Saharan Africa, the larger region of the continent, was home to an estimated population of 1.136 billion people in 2020. North Africa is similar in many dimensions to countries in the Middle East and is often grouped with that geographic area in international analyses.

Poor African countries exist, but poverty also exists in wealthy African countries, with wide inequalities between people-notably in resource-rich Africa. Absolute or extreme poverty is defined as severe lack of basic needs such as food, clean water, shelter, and health care. The World Bank has defined the international extreme poverty line in dollar terms as $1.90 a day at 2011 prices (specifically, purchasing power parity, or PPP); according to World Bank estimates, while poverty rates worldwide dropped from 35.9 percent to 9.3 percent between 1990 and 2017, extreme poverty rates in Africa only fell 14.7 percentage points, from 55.1 percent in 1990 to 40.4 percent in 2018. In addition, the continent's total population increased rapidly during that time, resulting in the number of people in extreme poverty not decreasing but rather increasing by more than 130 million people. According to World Bank estimates in 2020, in 2017 an estimated 689 million people, or 9.3 percent of the world's population, were living below the international extreme poverty line; more than half of those people-430.8 million-lived in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for about 40 percent of the region's total population.

Background

Many African countries have severe problems that make eradication of poverty difficult. Some argue that the problem is an internal one that governments can solve by reallocating resources and that outsiders should not interfere. In 1998, Indian economist Amartya Sen received the Nobel Prize for his work on poverty and famine. A key finding was that famine is not always due to lack of food but is also caused by social and economic factors. Poverty can be attributable to how a society allocates its wealth rather than to the overall amount of wealth in the country.

The roots of African rural poverty lie in the colonial system that disrupted local governance structures, extracted and exploited the natural and human resources for the colonizers' benefit, and imposed institutional restraints on the local poor. By 1950, only four African countries had their own independent governments. Broadly speaking, the lack of strong democratic traditions and legal systems contributed to bribery and corruption, government instability, and in some cases, authoritarianism in African nations after they gained their independence in the mid twentieth century.

Another contributor to poverty has been illness. For instance, the prevalence of HIV and AIDS has strained households whose only asset is their labor. According to data from the Global Change Data Lab, of the estimated 3.68 million people in the world living with HIV/AIDS by the end of 2017, 2.59 million lived in sub-Saharan Africa; it also accounted for nearly 10 percent of deaths in the region that year. Maternal mortality is another significant problem that deprives countries of labor.

Average income in Africa has risen since the mid-to-late twentieth century, but not evenly. Progress has been visible in countries where economic growth has generated improved living standards, education, and health. Other countries are still not free of their colonial legacies, remain stuck in warfare, or have otherwise not enjoyed the stability necessary to grow economically. By the early 2020s, twenty of the region's governments were designated as "fragile" or embroiled in conflict, while another thirteen had small populations and limited land.

Changes in economic policy and institutional structure have dismantled rural systems, sometimes without replacing them. As economies transition to modern ones, rural areas remain stagnant, with low incomes, low production, and increasingly at-risk poor people. Small-scale African enterprises often lack access to markets, and the isolation of rural people limits access to social safety nets and antipoverty programs, as government programs increasingly favor urban over rural residents. Some analysts also believe that African economies have over-relied natural resources to stimulate growth rather than invest in agricultural output and rural development, which could build domestic markets.

Market-based allocation of resources prices the poor out of the market. Governments have to subsidize water, education, and electricity. However, government intervention can also lead to corruption, inefficiency, and resources failing to reach those in need.

Among the other hurdles to resolving extreme wealth inequality in African countries are regressive tax structures, monopolies or insufficient competition, gender inequality, underinvestment in domestic and regional supply chains and small-scale agriculture, and high levels of national debt.

Overview

More than 80 percent of sub-Saharan Africans experiencing extreme poverty live in rural areas and depend agriculture for livelihood and food. As of 2012, Central Africa had the highest percentage of poverty, both urban and rural, of all African regions. In East, West, and Southern Africa, urban poverty had been halved, or almost halved, since 1996, while in West and Southern Africa, rural poverty declined about 40 percent during the same period. Despite an average poverty rate reduction of nearly 15 percentage points from 1990 to 2017, poverty reduction in Africa has been significantly slower than in other developing regions, and due in part to the high rate of population growth, the number of Africans living in poverty increased from 278 million in 1990 to 413 million in 2015.

The majority of investment in sub-Saharan Africa in 1990 came from official development assistance (ODA) funds. Between 2009 and 2016, by contrast, ODA to Africa constituted 2.4 percent of the gross domestic product there while 2.8 percent came from remittances, 2.5 percent from foreign direct investment, and 1.2 percent from portfolio inflows, according to the report Africa's Development Dynamics 2018. Despite increased investment and tourism, however, poverty and inequality continue at high levels.

In 2021 nearly three-quarters (thirty-three of forty-six) of the countries designated "least developed" by the United Nations-those with the lowest gross national incomes per capita, health and educational barriers to development, and high economic and/or environmental vulnerabilities-were in Africa. Although African economies, combined, had experienced an unusually high annual growth rate of 4.7 percent from 2000 to 2017, more than four in ten sub-Saharan Africans (41 percent) still lived in extreme poverty in 2017. Moreover, efforts to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 caused the first economic recession sub-Saharan Africa had seen in a quarter century a few years later. Recovery was expected to be slow, and much of the world's poor were still predicted to live in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030, particularly in the fragile states of Nigeria and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nonetheless, poverty reduction strategies continue, and even in the poorest regions, new clinics and roads have been built, among other improvements, however small.

In addition to these numbers of people living in poverty, the populations of African countries increased significantly at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first centuries. The World Bank reported in 2019 that Africa had a total fertility rate of 4.8 births, higher than any other continent, and an annual population growth rate 2.7 percent. Lack of access to family planning, lower female educational attainment, and higher rates of child marriage are thought to contribute to that higher-than-average total fertility rate. Projections for future populations of African countries suggest that such growth will continue. If population growth is not curbed or the economy has not improved, many African countries could find increases in poverty, despite economic growth overall.

Bibliography

"Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa: In Five Charts." The World Bank, 2019, www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/publication/accelerating-poverty-reduction-in-africa-in-five-charts. Accessed 13 Sept. 2021.‌

"Africa Continues to Grow Strongly but Poverty and Inequality Remain Persistently High." The World Bank, 7 Oct. 2013, www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/10/07/africa-continues-grow-strongly-poverty-inequality-persistently-high. Accessed 3 May 2017.

African Union Commission and OECD. Africa's Development Dynamics 2018: Growth, Jobs and Inequalities. AUC / OECD Publishing, 2018, doi:10.1787/9789264302501-en. Accessed 17 Sept. 2021.

August, Oliver. "Poverty in Africa: Beyond the Hyperbole." The Economist, 10 Oct. 2013, www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2013/10/poverty-africa. Accessed 3 May 2017.

Bish, Joseph J. "Population Growth in Africa: Grasping the Scale of the Challenge." The Guardian, 11 Jan. 2016, www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2016/jan/11/population-growth-in-africa-grasping-the-scale-of-the-challenge. Accessed 3 May 2017.

Chandy, Laurence, et al. "Africa's Challenge to End Extreme Poverty by 2030: Too Slow or Too Far Behind?" Brookings, Brookings Institution, 29 May 2013, www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2013/05/29/africas-challenge-to-end-extreme-poverty-by-2030-too-slow-or-too-far-behind/. Accessed 3 May 2017.

Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Committee for Development Policy. The Least Developed Category: 2021 Country Snapshots. United Nations, 2021, www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/Snapshots2021.pdf. Accessed 17 Sept. 2021.

Fox, Louise. "Assessing Past and Future Strategies for Reducing Poverty in Africa." Brookings, Brookings Institution, 21 Oct. 2019, www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/10/21/assessing-past-and-future-strategies-for-reducing-poverty-in-africa. Accessed 17 Sept. 2021. ‌

Investments to End Poverty: Real Money, Real Choices, Real Lives. Development Initiatives, 2013, devinit.org/post/investments-to-end-poverty. Accessed 24 May 2017.

Mbeki, Moeletsi. Architects of Poverty: Why African Capitalism Needs Changing. Picador, 2009.

"Overview." The World Bank in Africa, The World Bank, 2 June 2020, www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/overview. Accessed 17 Sept. 2021. ‌

Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune. World Bank Group, 2021, doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1602-4. Accessed 17 Sept. 2021.

Roser, Max, and Hannah Ritchie. "HIV / AIDS." Our World in Data, 3 Apr. 2018, ourworldindata.org/hiv-aids. Accessed 13 Sept. 2021.‌

Sy, Amadou, and Fenohasina Maret Rakotondrazaka. Private Capital Flows, Official Development Assistance, and Remittances to Africa: Who Gets What? Policy Paper 2015-02, Brookings Institution, May 2015. Brookings Institution, www.brookings.edu/research/private-capital-flows-official-development-assistance-and-remittances-to-africa-who-gets-what/. Accessed 24 May 2017.

Thurow, Roger. The Last Hunger Season: A Year in an African Farm Community on the Brink of Change. PublicAffairs, 2012.

White, Howard, and Tony Killick. African Poverty at the Millennium: Causes, Complexities, and Challenges. With Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa and Marie-Angelique Savane, World Bank, 2001.

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Poverty in Africa is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects a significant portion of the continent’s population, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2020, approximately 430.8 million people in this region were living in extreme poverty, defined as living on less than $1.90 a day. While some African nations demonstrate economic growth and improvements in living standards, many still grapple with the legacies of colonialism, political instability, and inadequate infrastructure that hinder effective poverty alleviation. Rural areas are especially impacted, with over 80% of those in extreme poverty relying on agriculture for their livelihoods. The continent’s rapid population growth compounds these challenges; projections indicate that without effective economic policies and family planning, poverty levels may continue to rise, even in the face of overall economic growth. Factors such as high rates of illness, particularly HIV/AIDS, and economic reliance on natural resources without sufficient investment in agriculture contribute to persistent poverty. Despite these challenges, ongoing poverty reduction efforts show promise, including new infrastructure developments and health initiatives. Understanding the nuances of poverty in Africa requires recognizing the interplay of historical, social, and economic factors that shape the experiences of millions across the continent.

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This article go speaks about how East Asia have made progress in reducing the amount of poverty they face, but even then poverty is still a very big issue for this region

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This website explains how there are many factors that contribute to the poverty those in the Pacific face. It also talks the significant amount of unemployed women and the young. This is one of ,any factors that's responsible for they're poverty.

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This article explaines how millions of kids in Africa lack education due to poverty

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Long Delayed: Education for Every Child in Africa | Education Cannot Wait

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Long Delayed: Education for Every Child in Africa | Education Cannot Wait

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Education Cannot Wait Executive Director Yasmine Sherif Statement on the Day of the African Child

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Universal Health Coverage: Less Than Half Of Africans Have Access To Health Care - Health Policy Watch

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This article speaks about how less the half the population of Africa have access to medicare. It explains how many Africans are open and unprotected from many diseases, simply because they cant afford to to get health care. Poverty is a really big issue in the region of Africa

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Universal Health Coverage: Only Half Of Africans Have Access To Health Care - Health Policy Watch

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Less than half of Africa’s citizens (52%) - some 615 million people - have access to the healthcare they need, the continent’s quality of health services is

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To what extent do fostering economic transformations effectively combat the root of poverty in South Sudan and how?

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What evidence suggests a change of poverty in Equatorial Guinea, and what is the reason for this change?