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What is the primary function of synovial fluid ?

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Which of the following bones forms part of the shoulder joint?

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Which of the following articulating bones is not part of the wrist joint?

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Which type of joint only allows limited movement and is located in the spine ? 

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This video provides an in depth and comprehensive explanation and understanding of the joints in our body. Joints are the meeting place of two or more bones and there is a higher population of joints in a human body than the number of bones. In anatomy, joints are classified by what they are made out of and what they are responsible for. There are three joint classifications known as fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. To start off with the fibrous joint classification, they are responsible for connecting bones with the fibrous dense tissue in the body, there is also no movement at this variation of joint and has no joint cavity. An example of this type of joint is the suture joint within the skull. Next there are the cartilaginous joints, which are responsible for uniting bones through the incorporation of cartilage. There is minimal movement at this type of joint, they come in two types, which are symphyses and synchondroses, and like fibrous joints, there is no joint cavity. Thirdly, there are synovial joints, in which most joints in the human body fall under this classification. Synovial joints are freely movable and have special features including that the articular cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces, they have band-like ligaments, they are lubricated with synovial fluid, they contain a fibrous joint capsule, contain a sensory nerve fibre and blood vessel. The free moving synovial joints come in six different configurations known as the plane joint, hinge joint, saddle joint, condylar joint, and also ball and socket joint.

The location and movements available at each synovial joint:

Plane Joint

The plane joints are found in the hands and feet, this joint allows gliding movements to occur, which is where one flat bone glides over another. An example of this movement is waving the hand from side to side.

Hinge Joint

The hinge joint is located in the located in the elbow and knee. In this type of joint angular movements are available which include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, hyperextension, and circumduction.

Condylar Joint

The condylar joints are located in the wrists. This joint allows biaxial movement and more angular movements including adduction, abduction and circumduction.

Ball and Socket Joint

Ball and socket joints are located in the shoulder and hip and allow multiaxial movement. At this joint adduction, abduction flexion, extension, circumduction, and rotation are available. These joints have the highest chance of being dislocated as they are the most flexible.

Saddle Joints

At the saddle joint is located in the thumbs, and biaxial movement occurs, such as allowing the thumb to touch the finger tips. Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are available.

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Joints: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #20

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https://open.spotify.com/episode/7r9V27HUhV7epFXqKZlcuU?si=djz0BhM3RDeULStT5C4PrA&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A0r1WUeFQMHMPa9fzpjjPf2

https://open.spotify.com/episode/47ZW2F7RMfD99G7jScJzVq?si=X-No2zDuT-241jZEePAu9w&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A0r1WUeFQMHMPa9fzpjjPf2

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CrashCourse - Joints: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology # 20. ( Online ) Youtube. Available at : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DLxYDoN634c

Juneja.P et al (2024). Anatomy, Joints. National Library of Medicine

Grimwald, Lu, host. “A&P CH9 Introduction to Joints”, Anatomy Follows Physiology, 5 Apr. 2023. https://open.spotify.com/episode/7r9V27HUhV7epFXqKZlcuU?si=nprVLhClRdW0PaSnBObWuA&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A0r1WUeFQMHMPa9fzpjjPf2

Grimwald, Lu, host. “A&P Ch9 Synovial Joints Part 2”, Anatomy Follows Physiology, 5 Apr 2023. https://open.spotify.com/episode/47ZW2F7RMfD99G7jScJzVq?si=OgWeSiZjT7SlpYDnt-E95A&context=spotify%3Ashow%3A0r1WUeFQMHMPa9fzpjjPf2

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507893/