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This would be used as a visual and multimedia technology resource for students to watch and learn about Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks may not have seen herself as an inspiration to the world and Civil Rights Movement, but she was. Her courage was an unplanned act of bravery due to being so tired from her day. She was calm throughout her challenges and carried herself with dignity. This is a 5-minute video about Rosa Parks, and what made her so remarkable.

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This would be used as a multimedia/technology resource for students to listen and share their thought about this poem in a whole group setting. Maya Angelou was a famous author, poet, historian, songwriter, playwright, dancer, stage and screen producer, director, performer, singer, and civil rights activist. Many people do not know that she was a part of the civil rights movement. In 1959, she was asked by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., to be the northern coordinator for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In addition, Maya Angelou was the first black woman to director in Hollywood, but what she is best known for was for her graphic and colorful depiction of the strength of black women in her writing. I have the audio and written version for diverse learners who benefit from audio and/or reading support. Still I Rise by Maya Angelou - Poems | Academy of American Poets

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This would be used as a sing-a-long with the class to learn about facts during our Black History Month celebration. Though the focus person for these lessons is Rosa Parks, the students should understand there were many people involved and the importance of this month.

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Sesame Street: Celebrate Black History Month Compilation

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I Am Rosa Park, by Rosa Parks and Jim Haskins

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I Am Rosa Park, by Rosa Parks and Jim Haskins

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I would ask students if they would prefer to have someone write about them or if they would prefer to write their own story. I would explain to them that this book was written by Rosa Parks. She tells her story for children to understand. This beautiful biography is for children to read and learn about the challenges Rosa Parks faced during segregation in America. This is the visual and audio version of book for students who benefit from hearing and seeing while they read. This would be offered to all students to use when they are at home as well: https://youtu.be/u46WM36c27I?si=hEd-MGfpabetfaN

enlibrary.org/books/OL9571941M/I_am_Rosa_Parks#details

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This would be one of the first visual pictures I would share with student after opening up the discussion about what they know about the civil rights movement and Rosa Parks. This is a depiction of the shots taken when Rose Parks was arrested. I would use this a visual for students to see that it was a serious matter that Rosa Parks did not give up her seat on the bus. Back in those days, this was considered illegal. Students may assume that the story is designed to have a meaningful point without realizing the significance of her actions. She used her one phone call to contact Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to help her.

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A Call for Help-Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 

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A Call for Help-Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 

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I would use this as a discussion topic before the lesson to allow students to discuss their thoughts independently or in a group. This is a depiction of Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. who was a local Preacher/Pastor. He was not initially active in the civil rights movement and a lot of people do not realize that. I would discuss with students the impact of Rosa Park's refusal, arrest, and how Dr. King became involved in the civil rights movement. He took on the challenge but was reluctant due to the violence towards Black people. He decided to boycott as a mark to protest against the mistreatment and segregation that was happening in America. But Dr. King, Jr. choose to incorporate the values and perspective of Gandi, and ensured the movement from his perspective was non-violent.

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This material would be used to demonstrate how multimedia can be used to depict events that marked history. It shows pictures, interviews, and specific moments in history that helped a movement of change in the US.

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Rosa Parks' Bus

In 1955, African Americans were still required by a Montgomery, Alabama, city ordinance to sit in the back half of city buses and to yield their seats to white riders if the front half of the bus, reserved for whites, was full.

But on December 1, 1955, African American seamstress Rosa Parks was commuting home on Montgomery's Cleveland Avenue bus from her job at a local department store. She was seated in the front row of the "colored section." When the white seats filled, the driver, J. Fred Blake, asked Parks and three others to vacate their seats. The other Black riders complied, but Parks refused.

She was arrested and fined $10, plus $4 in court fees. This was not Parks' first encounter with Blake. In 1943, she had paid her fare at the front of a bus he was driving, then exited so she could re-enter through the back door, as required. Blake pulled away before she could re-board the bus.

Did you know? Nine months before Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her bus seat, 15-year-old Claudette Colvin was arrested in Montgomery for the same act. The city's Black leaders prepared to protest, until it was discovered Colvin was pregnant and deemed an inappropriate symbol for their cause.

Although Parks has sometimes been depicted as a woman with no history of civil rights activism at the time of her arrest, she and her husband Raymond were, in fact, active in the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP), and Parks served as its secretary.

Upon her arrest, Parks called E.D. Nixon, a prominent Black leader, who bailed her out of jail and determined she would be an upstanding and sympathetic plaintiff in a legal challenge of the segregation ordinance. African American leaders decided to attack the ordinance using other tactics as well.

The Women's Political Council (WPC), a group of Black women working for civil rights, began circulating flyers calling for a boycott of the bus system on December 5, the day Parks would be tried in municipal court. The boycott was organized by WPC President Jo Ann Robinson.

Montgomery's African Americans Mobilize

As news of the boycott spread, African American leaders across Montgomery (Alabama's capital city) began lending their support. Black ministers announced the boycott in church on Sunday, December 4, and the Montgomery Advertiser, a general-interest newspaper, published a front-page article on the planned action.

Approximately 40,000 Black bus riders-the majority of the city's bus riders-boycotted the system the next day, December 5. That afternoon, Black leaders met to form the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). The group elected Martin Luther King Jr., the 26-year-old-pastor of Montgomery's Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, as its president, and decided to continue the boycott until the city met its demands.

Initially, the demands did not include changing the segregation laws; rather, the group demanded courtesy, the hiring of Black drivers, and a first-come, first-seated policy, with whites entering and filling seats from the front and African Americans from the rear.

Ultimately, however, a group of five Montgomery women, represented by attorney Fred D. Gray and the NAACP, sued the city in U.S. District Court, seeking to have the busing segregation laws totally invalidated.

Although African Americans represented at least 75 percent of Montgomery's bus ridership, the city resisted complying with the protester's demands. To ensure the boycott could be sustained, Black leaders organized carpools, and the city's African American taxi drivers charged only 10 cents-the same price as bus fare-for African American riders.

Many Black residents chose simply to walk to work or other destinations. Black leaders organized regular mass meetings to keep African American residents mobilized around the boycott.

Integration at Last

On June 5, 1956, a Montgomery federal court ruled that any law requiring racially segregated seating on buses violated the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. That amendment, adopted in 1868 following the U.S. Civil War, guarantees all citizens-regardless of race-equal rights and equal protection under state and federal laws.

The city appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the lower court's decision on December 20, 1956. Montgomery's buses were integrated on December 21, 1956, and the boycott ended. It had lasted 381 days.

Bus Boycott Meets With Violence

Integration, however, met with significant resistance and even violence. While the buses themselves were integrated, Montgomery maintained segregated bus stops. Snipers began firing into buses, and one shooter shattered both legs of a pregnant African American passenger.

In January 1957, four Black churches and the homes of prominent Black leaders were bombed; a bomb at King's house was defused. On January 30, 1957, the Montgomery police arrested seven bombers; all were members of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist group. The arrests largely brought an end to the busing-related violence.

Boycott Puts Martin Luther King Jr. in Spotlight

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was significant on several fronts. First, it is widely regarded as the earliest mass protest on behalf of civil rights in the United States, setting the stage for additional large-scale actions outside the court system to bring about fair treatment for African Americans.

Second, in his leadership of the MIA, Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a prominent national leader of the civil rights movement while also solidifying his commitment to nonviolent resistance. King's approach remained a hallmark of the civil rights movement throughout the 1960s.

Shortly after the boycott's end, he helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a highly influential civil rights organization that worked to end segregation throughout the South. The SCLC was instrumental in the civil rights campaign in Birmingham, Alabama, in the spring of 1963, and the March on Washington in August of that same year, during which King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.

The boycott also brought national and international attention to the civil rights struggles occurring in the United States, as more than 100 reporters visited Montgomery during the boycott to profile the effort and its leaders.

Rosa Parks, while shying from the spotlight throughout her life, remained an esteemed figure in the history of American civil rights activism. In 1999, the U.S. Congress awarded her its highest honor, the Congressional Gold Medal.

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Montgomery Bus Boycott - Facts, Significance & Rosa Parks | HISTORY

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For 382 days, almost the entire African American population of Montgomery, Alabama, including leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, refused to ride on segregated buses. The protests marked a turning point in the American civil rights movement.

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This would be used as a resource for students to listen, watch, and read before sharing their thought about this poem. Students would be placed in groups or pairs to create a collage and poem about Rosa Parks and/or the civil rights movement to present to the class. Nikki Giovanni wrote a beautiful poem that depicted the challenges and hardship of Rosa Parks during the civil rights movement. It was a powerful display of humility and triumph. Rosa Parks by Nikki Giovanni | Poetry Foundation

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This would be used as a multimedia/technology resource for students to listen and share their thought about this poem. Students would then go into pairs and write their own poems using some of the vocabulary they have learned thus far. Langston Hughes was a famous Black poet, writer of novels, fiction, and playwright. He was well known for his deep perspective and beautiful descriptive passages about Black people in America. His contributions were seen as a powerful artistic salute to Black America. I have both the written and audio to support diverse learners. I, Too by Langston Hughes | Poetry Foundation

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This is a story about a Latino family who dealt with segregation during the same time period as the civil rights movement. It takes place seven years before Brown v. Board of Education, the Mendez family fought to end segregation in California schools. It is a great way to engage my Latino students and African American students who do not realize that segregation was felt by other cultural groups. This book is a great way for the students to discover the incredible journey of this family and relate it to their experiences surrounding inequality and injustices. This is an award-winning book by a great author. This is the audio book reading for students who benefit from hearing and seeing the pages during the reading https://youtu.be/QAg34W4bfxQ