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On Monday, April 16, 1984, 37 years ago, nearly one and a half million people attended a demonstration in the Anhangabaú Valley, in the capital of São Paulo, demanding direct elections for President of the Republic. Days earlier, a million people attended the massive Candlemas demonstration in Rio de Janeiro. The “Diretas Já” (Direct Now) campaign reached its peak and entered history.

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"La Marcha de los Cien" was a popular protest against the military dictatorship in Brazil, it occurred in june of 1968 in Río de Janeiro, it was organized by the student movement and with the participation of artists, intellectuals and other sectors of Brazilian society.

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In 1964 in Brazil there was a Coup d'etait against the president Joao Goulart “Jango”, by soldiers such as Humberto de Alencar, Castelo Branco and Olimpio Mourao Filho. The causes are found both in Brazilian domestic politics and in the broader context of the Cold War.

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The dictatorship began with a coup d'état in 1964. The military employed various methods of torture, resulting in over 300 disappearances. Some of the repression organs of the time included the Department of Political and Social Order (DOPS), the National Information Service (SNI), and the DOI-CODI.

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he video talks about the beginning of the 1964 coup d'état, the start of the dictatorship, and the marches against it. It explains how the student march on June 22, 1968, for their rights was a tragic day, with 28 deaths, hundreds injured, and over 1000 arrested. It details the crux of the dictatorship and the extreme measures taken by the military.

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The military during the Brazilian dictatorship were afraid of the lyrics of the sambistas and censored them. Brazil was the country of samba and carnivals, but it was seen as something derogatory. Hence the saying: 'Brazil is not just samba.'

However, the fact that the military dictatorship went as far as censoring the lyrics of the sambistas is the best demonstration that samba 'is not just samba.' Moreover, today, that fear of the military towards the poems of samba is the greatest pride for this national monument of Brazilian culture, which is more than just a stereotype."

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The dictatorship installed in Brazil between 1964 and 1985, like in the rest of the countries in the Southern Cone, dedicated itself to torturing, persecuting, disappearing, and murdering popular activists and human rights defenders.

This military coup had the support of large landowners, multinational corporations, a significant portion of the middle class, the Catholic hierarchy, and the media. In addition to the military, the dictatorship had civilian involvement, although torture was widespread. Despite this, there was resistance against the oppressors in Brazil, thanks to popular mobilization and armed opposition. Leftist parties were dissolved, and guerrilla groups were formed, according to the National Commission.

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The song "Apesar de Você" by Chico Buarque is considered an anthem of resistance and hope, often interpreted as a veiled criticism of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil between 1964 and 1985. The lyrics employ a series of metaphors to address oppression and censorship, yet simultaneously convey a message of optimism and the certainty that change is imminent. It also suggests that the dictatorship will not be able to extinguish Brazilian happiness.

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Chico Buarque - A pesar de usted (Apesar de você em espanhol) - Letra

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March 31st: General Olímpio Mourão Filho unleashes the coup by marching with the troops he led in Juiz de Fora (MG) towards Rio de Janeiro.

April 2nd: The Congress declares the Presidency vacant, even though João Goulart was still in the country; Mayor Ranieri Mazzilli temporarily assumes office.

April 9th: The first Institutional Act is issued, institutionalizing the coup.

April 11th: General Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco is elected president by an electoral college.

The year ends with 20 dead and 203 reports of torture.

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March 28th: Military police kill student Edson Luís de Lima Souto in Rio, sparking street protests.

June 26th: A march of 100,000 gathers opponents and artists in Rio de Janeiro.

July 18th: The theater where the play "Roda Viva" was performed in São Paulo is vandalized, and the actors are assaulted.

October 12th: Around a thousand students are arrested in Ibiúna (SP), where the UNE Congress was held.

December 13th: AI-5 is issued. The press is censored, and hundreds of people are arrested.

The "years of lead" begin.

Reports of torture reach 85.

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The video talks in more detail about how Joao Goulart, also known as Jango, rose to the presidency between 1961 and 1964. He maintained a good relationship with the people, initiated agrarian reform, and leaned towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War, among other things. Then it discusses the coup d'état once again and how he was ousted from the presidency. It delves into the democratic corruption practiced by the military, the murders, and the disappearances.

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Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco was a Brazilian politician who assumed the presidency following the military coup of 1964 in Brazil. However, it is important to note that he was not the first military dictator after the coup. Castelo Branco took power in 1964 after the overthrow of President João Goulart, but his tenure was more in line with an authoritarian military government than a dictatorship in the strictest sense. Castelo Branco served as president of Brazil from 1964 to 1967 and was succeeded by other military figures who continued the military regime in the country.

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As a result of the work of the Special Commission on Dead and Disappeared Politicals, 221 cases were approved and 118 were rejected. The sole criterion used as the basis for calculating compensations was the life expectancy of each of the deceased or disappeared. The minimum compensation was set at US$50,000, and the highest compensation was approximately US$75,000. The deadline for submitting requests to the Commission expired in 2004. Official figures show that during the Brazilian dictatorship, there were 475 dead and disappeared, 20,000 imprisoned and tortured, and 35,000 politically persecuted.

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Salaries and Unions: At the beginning of the military regime, inflation was controlled but at the expense of the workers. Salaries lagged behind as the formula for adjusting them according to inflation was changed. The bargaining power of workers was affected during the military regime, which weakened the unions. Between 1964 and 1985, the minimum wage fell by 50% in real terms.

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The impact that the military dictatorship had against women was quite recognized since it was against their rights and freedom, during this period women suffered from political repression, this means that women who were involved in political activities or opposed the regime military personnel were omitted from repression, persecution and detention, which is why many women were imprisoned, disappeared and tortured.