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Each semester, the laboratory is conducted over the course of a semester in an introductory science course before college.It includes a laboratory for the use, work and refinement of biodiesel over 6 weeks (figure 1).  "The second part of the laboratory involved the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of algae biodiesel. Because industrial-scale biodiesel production utilizes base catalysis due to rapid reaction rates and high yields, base-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil was carried out and compared to a recently developed acid-catalyzed method that converts lipids within algal biomass to biodiesel".5. using a homemade calorimeter to compare the power of homemade algae biodiesel and soybean biodiesel, and petroleum diesel. Then we will see the Results and the discussions of the experiment.

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Abdullah Kamal 55396, Mohammed AlHetari 60890

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Abdullah Kamal 55396, Mohammed AlHetari 60890

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.1.-Michael D. Burkart - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States. https://pubs-acs-org.ezproxy.aum.edu.kw/doi/10.1021/ed200098c

.2.-Experiments were facilitated by an academic collaboration with the San Diego Center for Algal Biotechnology (SD-CAB), (22) where algal samples can be acquired for future experiments (request form available in the Supporting Information).

.3.-Alcantra, R.; Amores, J.; Canoira, L.; Fidalgo, E.; Franco, M. J.; Navarro, A. Biomass Bioenergy 2000, 18, 515– 527 [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

.4.-Lang, X.; Dalai, A. K.; Bakhshi, N. N.; Reaney, M. J.; Hertz, P. B. Bioresour. Technol. 2001, 80, 53– 62

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.5.-Liu, B.; Zhao, Z. B. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2007, 82, 775– 780

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.6.-San Diego Center for Algal Biotechnology (SD-CAB): http://algae.ucsd.edu/ (accessed Nov 2011) .

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.7.-Scott, S. A.; Davey, M. P.; Dennis, J. S.; Horst, I.; Howe, C. J.; Lea-Smith, D. J.; Smith, A. G. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2010, 21, 277– 286

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https://padlet.com/onepieces10241/s9uvk62rasvnoz5e
my poster ( for clear view)

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In conclusion, actually exposing the coming generation of scientists and citizens to reusable energy is important , mainly when they are changeable main scrutiny and observation skills. ensue achievement of this laboratory, students obtain an appreciation of algae biodiesel, grow up acquaintance about current reusable energy emanate , and are exposed to posterity energy prospects. Around this exercise, students are well-provided with many opportunities to formulate Fresh ideas about the notion of energy. These experiments evoke scientific inquiry, foster the progress of laboratory abilities., and elicit a novel purpose about the energy struggling we visage in the future.

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"This laboratory introduces students to the current research of algal biofuel technology and teaches basic chemical and biological techniques involved." (2). This series of experiments is singular and dominant in that students are suitable to observe and start effective duties in the whole flow of energy, emphasizing the law of conservation of energy. Students are educated to proceeding the art of algae culture, where solar energy is harvested by algae via photosynthesis. Students perception the chemical process by which triglycerides are converted to biofuels while extracting the chemical energy stored in algal biomass during acid-catalyzed transesterification. And here at the last of the project, students can use algae fuel to power a small diesel engine fan, demonstrating the conversion of chemical energy inside mechanical energy. “Biodiesel from soybean is commercially created using catalytic base because it is faster than the acid-catalyzed pathway, claim fall temperatures and pressures, and is the most economical process to treat vegetable oils"(4). “However, base-catalysis produces soap as a side reaction, decrease the overall yield of biodiesel and complicating the subsequent purification process ".(3). Soap formation can be escape using strong acid catalysts to transform free fatty acids inside their corresponding methyl esters through acid-mediated esterification. “It has currently been revealed that fatty acid methyl esters can be recovered in great yields through direct acid-catalyzed methanolysis of dried microbial biomass ".(5). Therefore, traditional base-catalyzed methodology was used to incorporate biodiesel from soybean oil and the more recent direct methanolysis procedure was conducted on algae biomass. "By demonstrating both acid- and base-catalyzed transesterification, students realize that the same biodiesel product can be obtained through two different chemical pathways (Schemes 1 and 2 in the Supporting Information)".2. Commercial production of algal biodiesel is in its infancy. Following hexane extraction and evaporation, algal biodiesel can be blend with petroleum diesel, like in current B-20 biodiesel blends, or it can be deoxygenated to create conventional diesel in a process called hydrotreatment. “Algal biodiesel can also be used as a feedstock for traditional petroleum refineries, allowing it to be easily incorporated into the existing infrastructure" .(7).

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In the first section of this laboratory, "students progress in algal biomass grown over a period of 6 weeks"(Figure 1).1. beginning to possess A One sample colony of C. algae. This is required daily by making notes on algae color and temperature light source. Then the students make sure to move and take the cells Turns to shaking the flasks every day. in the last 6 weeks, The students got a large collection of algal biomass, Approximately 2 g/L of culture. And using a homemade centrifuge From students power spinner Harvest 1 L of algal biomass by centrifugation and preparation One step conversion to biodiesel. Also, both biodiesel from algae and soybean biomass supply parallel energy modify to those of conventional diesel. Compared to petroleum diesel, biodiesel burned cleaner (eg, produced less dense black smoke), was longer, and produced more heat energy. In a particular energy density test, "each fuel was burned in an ethanol lamp and the length of time the filament stay lit was measured (Table 1)".(1). "Viscosity measurements and GCMS analysis verify that the biodiesel was built from soybean oil, soybean biomass, and algae biomass" (Table 2 and Table SI-1).2. The students' response to the odor test was that the algae fuel aroma like plants and chemicals, soybean biodiesel aroma like french fries, and diesel aroma like chemicals (Table SI-2 in the Algae biodiesel was the chosen scent of all fuels.

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Some people talked about the usefulness of microalgae energy, as it became clear to them that only oil is the strongest power in the current world, as some research showed the truth of this. can microalgae energy have a huge impact on countries? so today we are going to talk about two things, First, we will talk about the experiment overview. Then, will talk about the results of the experiment. Finally, we will talk about the discussion of the experiment.

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Microalgae are a new and attractive way for renewable transportation fuel due to their fast development rate, and elastic habitat preferences, Microalgae are the new era in our modern world, Microalgae Have many Benefits, but also have disadvantages, A laboratory simulating emerging algae biotechnology has been developed to extract algal fats and convert them into biofuels. First, we will talk about the results of the experiment. Finally, we will talk about the discussion of the experiment.

Keywords: (Microalgae - Laboratory - world)