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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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a small-format photographic film used in single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs), film cameras, rangefinders, and disposable cameras.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole.

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A silver gelatin photograph or print is a black-and-white image exposed from an analogue film negative using only optical and chemical processes.

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an event wherever the creator, painters, photographers show their artistic work in the hope of attracting the art lovers.

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Photo curators collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum. They are also responsible for the storage and presentation of photographical collections.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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a workspace specifically designed and built for the purpose of taking photographs.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.
-Hue: name of color
-Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white or black is added)
-Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity = color is faint and dull)

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel
stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are
similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different
but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central
point and may be similar.

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Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the
artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could
be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements and effects. For example, light and dark colors, smooth and rough textures, large and small shapes.

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Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the
work of art.

Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement.

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Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

Repetition works with pattern to make the work of art seem active. The repetition of elements of design creates unity within the work of art.

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Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

Scale can refer to the relative size of one object compared to another, typically the size of the artwork to the viewer's body. Scale can also refer to the size relationships of different visuals within a singular piece of art.

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Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

Harmony is the principle of art that creates cohesiveness by stressing the similarities of separate but related parts. One should note that harmony is not the same as unity. Harmony does, however, enhance unity in a work of art.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger. Examples of cool colors include green, blue and violet

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming. Examples of warm colors include red, yellow and orange

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Neutral colors are muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting. Examples of neutral colors include beige, taupe, gray, cream, brown, black, and white.

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Complementary colours are pairs of colours that contrast with each other more than any other colour, and when placed side-by-side make each other look brighter.

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Monochromatic colors are all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints.

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Color gradients, or color transitions, are defined as a gradual blending from one color to another.

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You achieve symmetry when photos appear to have equal weight or value on each side instead of off-centre weight to one side.

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Asymmetrical balance has two sides that are unequal while having elements that balance each other out.

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the act or an instance of placing two or more things side by side often to compare or contrast or to create an interesting effect

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Abstract photography consists of images created using photography materials and equipment that don't have an immediate association with the physical world.

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Constructive criticism is a method of critique that offers actionable, effective feedback so people can implement improvement strategies.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity.

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(of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image

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The photograph is divided into nine rectangles along two horizontal and vertical lines according to the golden ratio. This is commonly known as a phi grid. The image is then composed with important elements along the lines and at their intersections.

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Negative space photography is related to minimalist photography. It emphasizes not just the subject, but the empty space around the subject. The viewer's eyes may be drawn to a central figure, but they can't help noticing the large section of emptiness that surrounds and defines that figure.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail.

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Backlight in photography involves positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb.

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Ambient Light traditionally refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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Chiaroscuro, in art, is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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Diptychs are a set of two photos you can use to tell a story and emphasise contrast. Or you can create one composition using two entirely different images.

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A triptych is a group of 3 separate images displayed together.

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Orthographic projection is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards

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distortion (as by an optical instrument or television receiver) in which the image of a straight line appears to be curved convexly toward the axis

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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In a digital camera, the image sensor is the device that collects incoming light when the shutter opens and converts that light into an electrical signal.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion. These light-sensitive silver halides change into pure metallic silver when exposed to light, which is how an image is captured on film. So, grain is an inherent part of a film image.

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Just like with sound, where noise refers to auditory disruptions, in photography, the term digital noise refers to visual distortion. Noise looks like tiny colored pixels or specks in your photograph, and sometimes resembles the grain that you may see in film photography.

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a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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F-stop is the term used to denote aperture measurements on your camera. The aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera lens, and it's measured in f-stops.

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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As a result, depth of field (DoF) is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an image. The distance between the camera and the first element that is considered to be acceptably sharp is called DoF near limit.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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Program mode is marked by 'P' on your camera's mode dial and is one of the Creative Zone modes, though one with the least control over your exposure settings. In program mode the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture. You choose ISO and White balance.

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Manual mode gives you complete control over your camera settings.

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Shutter priority, also called time value, refers to a setting on cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a mode on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions.

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It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs. A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support that has one leg (that's the “mono”).

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence.

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Sometimes called light drawing or light graffiti, light painting is the photographic technique of using a moving light source—such as a flashlight, glow stick, light brush, or even a smartphone—to alter an image while taking a long exposure photograph.

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Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful. It is useful for back-lit shots or tiny subjects.

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Centre-weighted Average metering is like using Evaluative metering with a centre AF point. It places greater emphasis on the centre area while also taking meter reading across the entire frame.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white.

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

The darkest element in an image

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Midtones are the areas of an image that are neither bright nor dark.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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sepia toning is a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound. This changes the color of the resulting image and makes the photo more resistant to environmental pollutants. This helps photos hold up over time.

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Autofocus (AF) points are what you use to determine where the camera will be focusing the image.

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In photography, bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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\The exposure meter indicates the level of light reaching the sensor. Too much light results in over exposure which gives you a photo that is too light and lacking detail. Too little light results in under exposure which gives you a photo that is too dark and again, lacking detail.

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure.

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A white balance card (or gray card) helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point.

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A workspace is a preset layout for the various elements that make up Photoshop's interface. Workspaces determine which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen and how those panels are arranged. A workspace can also change which tools are available in the Toolbar and how the Toolbar is organized.

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more!

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Palettes [shown right] are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. Photoshop contains over two dozen palettes that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the palette you wish to reveal.