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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography.

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A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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A public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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a mark with greater length than width. Lines can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal; straight or curved; thick or thin.

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a closed line. Shapes can be geometric, like squares and circles; or
organic, like free-form or natural shapes. Shapes are flat and can express length
and width.

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three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and depth. Balls,
cylinders, boxes, and pyramids are forms.

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the area between and around objects. The space around objects is often called negative space; negative space has shape. Space can also refer to the
feeling of depth. Real space is three-dimensional; in visual art, when we create
the feeling or illusion of depth, we call it space.

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light reflected off of objects. Color has three main characteristics: hue
(the name of the color, such as red, green, blue, etc.), value (how light or dark it
is), and intensity (how bright or dull it is).

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the surface quality that can be seen and felt. Textures can be rough or
smooth, soft or hard. Textures do not always feel the way they look; for example, a drawing of a porcupine may look prickly, but if you touch the drawing, the
paper is still smooth.

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how the elements within a composition are arranged either symmetrically, asymmetrically, or radially to create the impression of equality in weight or importance

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the repetition of specific visual elements such as a single unit or multitude of forms

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer's attention and to guide the viewer's eye through and around the work of art

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the size of one object in relation to the other objects in a design or artwork

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the path the viewer's eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas

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the visually satisfying effect of combining similar or related elements

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the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower

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similarity or exact correspondence between different things

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect

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visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world

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Cool colors are typified by blue, green, and light purple. They can calm and soothe

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they evoke warm feelings in people. Yellow, red, orange and different shades of these colors are warm colors.

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muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting

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a color that combined with a given color makes white or black

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the colors (tones, tints, and shades) of a single hue

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the technique of gradually transitioning from one colour hue to another

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Objective: (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts
Subjective: based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions

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focusing on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these

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Copyrights primarily protect the rights of people who create literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works (like history tests, and software code). Trademarks protect the use of a company's name and its product names, brand identity (like logos) and slogans

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a type of composition in which an image is divided evenly into thirds, both horizontally and vertically

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a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image

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a composition guide leading the viewer's eye through the photo, making it more balanced and pleasing

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the empty space around and between the subject(s) of an image

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the subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait

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illumination from behind

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a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions

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essentially indirect lighting. A soft light that is reflected off the ceiling. It reduces the shadows on people's faces and fills the room with equal brightness, opening up the architecture and drawing people in

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an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light

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any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by hinge

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a work of art that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open

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the smallest item of information in an image; arranged in a 2-dimensional grid, represented using squares. Each pixel is a sample of an original image, where more samples typically provide more-accurate representations of the original

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a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface

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a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel)

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the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image

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camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity

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an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light

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a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons

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random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise

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the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes

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the focal length of the lens. While focal length itself refers to the field of view of a lens, f-stop is about how much light you allow to hit the sensor via the aperture opening.

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the distance, in millimeters, between the optical centre of the lens and the camera's sensor

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the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp

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the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light"

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The camera makes all the decisions

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the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture; you can choose the ISO and white balance

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you make all the decisions

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you set the shutter speed and the camera automatically sets the aperture value to obtain the standard exposure matching the brightness of the subject

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you set the desired aperture value and the camera sets the shutter speed automatically to obtain the standard exposure matching the subject brightness

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involving using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements

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a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing

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a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure.

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swiveling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right

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a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down

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the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph

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allows the photographer to take a picture for as long as the shutter is depressed (that means pushed down)

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a long exposure photography technique that lets you convey the feeling of movement or action in a still image

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stabilization device used for cameras; a tripod has 3 legs while a monopod has one

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the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white

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allows your camera to measure a tiny area of the scene. The size of that area is between 1 and 5% of the viewfinder

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covers only the center 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject

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It places greater emphasis on the center area while also taking meter reading across the entire frame

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the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast