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C3 Teacher State Hubs bring together teachers, instructional materials, and professional development opportunities as they learn more about teaching with inquiry.

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Environmental Literacy Compendium and videos for specific grade spans.

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The CLIC Project - Environmental Literacy and HSS

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Human societies have always shaped and been shaped by the natural environment. In 2004 California recognized this with the adoption of the Environmental Principles and Concepts (EP&Cs). The 2016 California History-Social Science Framework incorporates the EP&Cs within each grade-level, content narra…

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Videos to acquaint educators with inquiry at the elementary and secondary levels.

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A well implemented inquiry-based approach to teaching and learning may look vastly different from traditional approaches to teaching History-Social Science (HSS). A classroom may look chaotic at first glance, but upon a deeper look, students in an inquiry-based lesson are learning the content in ways relevant and meaningful to them. The resources found on this page will help administrators learn the hallmarks of an authentic inquiry-based approach to teaching and learning, what to look for when observing an inquiry lesson, and ways to foster an environment on campus that welcomes and celebrates such an approach.

What is Inquiry?

Modules for Elementary and Secondary Administrators

Inquiry is one of the most significant shifts discussed in California's History-Social Science Framework. A well-planned and implemented inquiry helps teachers realize each shift identified in the Framework. Through inquiry, students engage with content in meaningful ways, learn and practice critical literacy skills, and relate their historical study to present-day issues to become an informed and active citizen in their community.

The modules below provide administrators with an overview of the inquiry process, examples of what they should expect to see in a true inquiry-based classroom at the elementary and secondary levels, and finally some tips and suggestions about how to create and foster a culture of inquiry on any school site.

Helpful Resources to Consider

The Los Angeles County Office of Education has produced webinars for administrators on topics important to supporting teachers' implementation of the HSS Framework.

California History-Social Science Framework Overview for School Administrators
This brief archived webinar will acquaint school administrators with the four themes of the California History-Social Science Framework and provide tips on what to look for when you visit classrooms and how you can support implementation.

FAIR Act for Administrators
This webinar provides valuable information to assist school administrators in implementing the Fair, Accurate, Inclusive, Respectful (FAIR) Act to add instruction in history-social science about the role and contribution of persons with disabilities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Americans; and other ethnic and cultural groups to the economic, political, and social development of California and the United States, with a particular emphasis on portraying the role of these groups in contemporary society, as required in Senate Bill 48.

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A well implemented inquiry-based approach to teaching and learning may look vastly different from traditional approaches to teaching History-Social Science (HSS). A classroom may look chaotic at first glance, but upon a deeper look, students in an inquiry-based lesson are learning the content in ways relevant and meaningful to them.

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Overview

The study of the contributions of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people and events in history provides opportunities for teachers to reveal new stories that few have learned about and presents students with a wider lens by which to understand American history. Resources developed through this project and helpful resources to consider identified on this web page include stories that can be shared in every classroom at every grade level as an integral part of our diverse American histories.

California became the first state to mandate the teaching of the "contributions of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people" or LGBT history with the passage of the Fair, Accurate, Inclusive and Respectful (FAIR) Education Act in 2011. The History-Social Science (HSS) Framework , adopted in 2016, identifies LGBT history and social studies topics that are appropriate for different grade levels. In addition, Chapter 20 of the Framework titled "Access and Equity" states that:

"All of California's children and adolescents have the fundamental right to be respected and to feel safe in their school environment, yet many do not because of their sexual orientation or gender expression. Research indicates that students in kindergarten through grade six who are gender-nonconforming are less likely than other students to feel safe at school and more likely to indicate that they sometimes do not want to go to school because they feel unsafe or afraid."

California's new HSS Framework emphasizes an inquiry-based approach to teaching and learning that encourages students to consider many perspectives in the study of history. The contributions of LGBT people remained hidden in documented history for many years, due in part to laws that criminalized LGBT culture. It is important to note that LGBT or gender nonconforming people have been documented in every culture in history dating back to ancient civilizations.

The resources created by the Content, Literacy, Inquiry, and Citizenship Project have been designed to support teachers as they implement the HSS Framework and corresponding aspects of the FAIR Education Act. In addition to the resources developed by this project, the following are links to other resources that educators may find helpful to support their teaching practice.

Helpful Resources to Consider

Our Family Coalition/Teaching LGBTQ History
Find LGBT history lesson plans for most every grade level. Various tools for learning LGBT history including an LGBT history timeline, textbook selection tools and primary source document sets are included that can be used in most K-12 classrooms.

LGBT History Lesson Plans
Developed by teachers for teachers, many using primary source documents.

LGBT Archives and Primary Source Documents
Digitized primary sources that teachers may use.

FAIR Act Webinars
The Los Angeles County Office of Education, in partnership with the California 3 Rs Project, created a series of webinars on the FAIR act for teachers and administrators.

Books

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The study of the contributions of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people and events in history provides opportunities for teachers to reveal new stories that few have learned about and presents students with a wider lens by which to understand American history.

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Teaching California - Bringing Archives into the Classroom

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Teaching California - Bringing Archives into the Classroom

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Skip to content Skip to search Skip to footer

Free and Flexible Resources to Teach the History-Social Science Framework

Welcome to Teaching California!

On this website you will discover classroom-ready resources to help teach California's History-Social Science Framework. Our inquiry sets include curated collections of primary sources, teacher and student notes, activities, and other tools that will help guide you through a research-based approach to improving student reading, writing, and critical thinking.

A project of the California Historical Society, in partnership with the California History-Social Science Project

678 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94105

This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Cookie settings ACCEPT

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Teaching California - Bringing Archives into the Classroom

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Skip to content Skip to search Skip to footer Free and Flexible Resources to Teach the History-Social Science Framework On this website you will discover classroom-ready resources to help teach California's History-Social Science Framework.

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California History Social Science Web Page

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California History Social Science Web Page

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Content Standards
All of the state content standards, including history-social science. Content standards were designed to encourage the highest achievement of every student, by defining the knowledge, concepts, and skills that students should acquire at each grade level.

History-Social Science Framework
The State Board of Education adopted the History-Social Science Framework on July 14, 2016. Curriculum frameworks provide guidance to educators, parents, and publishers, to support implementing California content standards.

External Resources
Outside Web sites providing information regarding History-Social Science.

Professional Learning
Resources and information for enhancing the content knowledge and teaching skills of classroom teachers and links to foundational documents which guide California's History‒Social Science instruction.

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Information that defines the knowledge, concepts, and skills students should acquire at each grade level.

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Welcome to the website of the Rethinking Disability Collective. We intend to be a collective of scholars and self-advocates working on global and local histories of disability. On this website you will find information about different projects, people and events.

14 September 2022 by Marieke Dohrmann

To the visitor who enters my sister's school, it is immediately clear that things are done a little differently here. Across the main entrance, a flock of walkers, wheelchairs and other devices awaits their owners, not unlike bikes in front of other schools. You might be approached by a curious student who, using a communication [...]

Welzijn wordt onder andere bepaald door geloof en rituelen. Tijdens deze activiteit verkennen we welke rol religie kan spelen in onze beleving van ziekte en gezondheid. Gezondheid is zoveel meer dan een bezoek aan de dokter. Ons welzijn wordt ook bepaald door geloof en rituelen: het branden van een kaars, gebeden zeggen, een ziekenzalving, het [...]

Since March of 2020, government press conferences have been broadcast into our homes, at intervals ranging from about once every two weeks to every couple of months, when the situation was more stable. Often, when gathering around our TVs to hear what our government had in store for us, there would always be one measure [...]

14 September 2022 by Marieke Dohrmann

To the visitor who enters my sister's school, it is immediately clear that things are done a little differently here. Across the main entrance, a flock of walkers, wheelchairs and other devices awaits their owners, not unlike bikes in front of other schools. You might be approached by a curious student who, using a communication [...]

Since March of 2020, government press conferences have been broadcast into our homes, at intervals ranging from about once every two weeks to every couple of months, when the situation was more stable. Often, when gathering around our TVs to hear what our government had in store for us, there would always be one measure [...]

Health is a medical issue, right? The current covid-19 pandemic demonstrates that our wellbeing is not just the territory of doctors. "Health" does not only have to do with the absence of illness, but just as much with spiritual and public health. The short podcast series accompanying the research project 'We have never been secular' [...]

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Approximately 10%-15% of the world's population is estimated to be disabled and this number is expected to rise in the next decades. How did disability become a global concern and how can the concept be understood in a multicultural world? This European Research Council-funded project seeks to answer these questions by undertaking the first study [...]

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Emerging America: Model Lessons on Disability History

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Emerging America: Model Lessons on Disability History

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Bain News Service, Publisher. American wounded in base hospital, France. , 1917. [or 1918] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2014706378/.

Reform to Equal Rights: K-12 Disability History Curriculum - Now open!

Teacher-Written Lessons on Disability History

The lessons below were written by individual teachers as part of Accessing Inquiry for Students with Disabilities through Primary Sources grad courses. They reflect the idiosyncratic needs of each teacher in their particular settings. All share a commitment to accessibility. By contrast, Emerging America's Reform to Equal Rights curriculum offers 23 lessons that provide a coherent approach to disability history across all grades.

State Standards on Disability History - List of standards that directly address Disability History in the 2018 Massachusetts history standards, with links to lessons that address them. UPDATED 11-03-2021.

Emerging America - accessible teacher-written lesson plans on Disability History:

What is Our Value? A look at undervalued people (2)

In or Out: Race and Disability as Legal Barriers to Immigration (3-5)

How disability rights activists created change (5, 8)

Deformity and Disability in Ancient Greece (6-8)

Tutankhamun, Egyptian Boy-King: Disability, Art, & Respect (6-8)

Ancient Rome's Veterans with Disabilities: Roman Accounts and U.S. Veteran Comparisons (6-8, 9-12)

Injuries and Disability in 19th Century Industry (6-8)

Civil War Veterans & Disability in American History (6-8, 9-12)

Citizenship and Community Involvement (6-8, 9-12)

Civil Rights & Disability: 1990 ADA, IDEA, & the Juvenile Justice System Today (6-8, 9-12)

Disability, Protest, and the 504 (8)

The Emergence of Special Education (9-12)

Reforming American Society with Dix and Mann (9-12)

Nellie Bly 1887: Exposing Treatment of Those with Mental Illness (9-12)

World War I and Disability (9-12)

The Great Depression, Dust Bowl, Disability: Background for "Of Mice and Men" (9-12)

Social Security: What is the Federal Responsibility to Care for Vulnerable People? (9-12)

Who Should Care for America's Veterans? (9-12)

Emerging America - Primary source sets on Disability History:

Search the Teaching Resources section on this site for inquiry-based, teacher-designed lessons that demonstrate strategies to enliven historical content through engaging learning activities-and incorporating a rich mix of primary sources. Our Inquiry Strategies page offers in-depth explanation of how to incorporate inquiry into teaching diverse learners.

Find more accessible lessons and teaching resources using search tool for the Emerging America library of Teaching Resources.

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Reform to Equal Rights: K-12 Disability History Curriculum - Now open! The lessons below were written by individual teachers as part of Accessing Inquiry for Students with Disabilities through Primary Sources grad courses. They reflect the idiosyncratic needs of each teacher in their particular settings. All share a commitment to accessibility.

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Youth Organizing! Disabled & Proud is a program of the California Foundation for Independent Living Centers (CFILC). YO! Disabled & Proud connects, organizes and educates youth with disabilities.

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Content, Literacy, Inquiry, & Citizenship Project

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California Department of Education

Frequently Asked Questions: Senate Bill 48

https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/cr/cf/senatebill48faq.asp

California's Diversity: Past and Present - Lessons for the FAIR Education Act of 2011

This resource developed by Constitutional Rights Foundation provides a number of lessons that can be used to comply with the FAIR Education Act. Lessons are aligned to the California Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts

http://ca3rsproject.org/diversity/california-diversity-past-and-present.pdf

Teaching LGBTQ History

Instructional Resources for California Educators, Students, & Families

This website is dedicated to "Teaching LGBTQ History" which primarily focuses on providing resources and materials that fulfill the requirements put forth by the FAIR Education Act with regards to LGBTQ history

http://www.lgbtqhistory.org/

Finding Common Ground in Public Schools on the Difficult Issue of Student Sexual Orientation Policy

This publication of the California Three Rs Project (Rights, Responsibilities, and Respect)describes the need for schools to build processes for creating policies on the principles of the First Amendment for implementing the FAIR Education Act and similar policies intended to respect the rights of people to have differing views based on religious and other understandings. The publication also describes the responsibility imperative to protect the physical and psychological safety of young people in their critical formative years. The California Three Rs is a project of Constitutional Rights Foundation with support from the California County Superintendents Educational Services Committee and theReligious Freedom Center at the Newseum.

http://ca3rsproject.org/pdfs/Hot%20Topics.pdf

Public Schools and Sexual Orientation

A few years ago, the First Amendment Center brought together representatives from the American Association of School Administrators, the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD), BridgeBuilders, the Christian Educators Association International, and the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN) to develop a consensus document on a process to resolve conflicts related to sexual orientation and public schools. The document this group developed, entitled Public Schools and Sexual Orientation: A First Amendment Framework for Finding Common Ground, is available in pdf format at the First Amendment Center website.

Public Schools and Sexual Orientation (PDF)

ONE Archives Foundation

The ONE Archives Foundation, in partnership with ONE Archives at the USC Libraries, is the country's leading expert on LGBTQ history and has been involved on many levels with the implementation of California's Fair, Accurate, Inclusive and Respectful (FAIR) Education Act (SB 48), which was signed into law in the state of California on July 5, 2011.

http://www.onearchives.org/education-2/education/

LGBT-Inclusive Curriculum

GLSEN has created this resource, recommended by the First Amendment Center, to incorporate LGBT history, themes, and people into the curriculum.

https://www.glsen.org/educate/resources/curriculum

Lesson Plans on Bullying, Bias, and Diversity

This resource page, recommended by the First Amendment Center and created by GLSEN, offers lesson plans to help students develop the skills to interact in a diverse world.

https://www.glsen.org/educate/resources/lesson-plans

Human Rights Campaign Foundation Definitions of LGBTQ+ Words for Elementary Students

Human Rights Campaign Foundation: Defining LGBTQ+ Words for Elementary School Students

LGBTQ-Inclusivity Requirements and How They Interact with Parental Opt-Out by ACLU

Question & Answer Guide On California's Parental Opt-Out Statutes: Parents' and Schools' Legal Rights and Responsibilities Regarding Public School Curricula

Compiled by
Michelle M. Herczog, Ed.D.
Consultant III, History-Social Science
Los Angeles County Office of Education

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California Department of Education Frequently Asked Questions: Senate Bill 48 https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/cr/cf/senatebill48faq.asp California's Diversity: Past and Present - Lessons for the FAIR Education Act of 2011 This resource developed by Constitutional Rights Foundation provides a number of lessons that can be used to comply with the FAIR Education Act.

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Students learn about two millennia of LGBTQ history and reflect on how that history is represented in their textbooks and curricula.

Democracy & Civic Engagement

Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening.

- Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif

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Students learn about two millennia of LGBTQ history and reflect on how that history is represented in their textbooks and curricula. Democracy & Civic Engagement Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. - Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif

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This timeline is organized in units that are typically taught in middle school and high school U.S. History classrooms and is consistent with the people and events listed in the new California History-Social Science Framework (2016). Our Family Coalition will be updating the timeline over time.
It is important to note that there existed lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals, communities, and relationships long before these terms became commonplace. Gay and lesbian relationships existed in ancient Rome and Greece communities and are shown in a variety of art from that time. The years when common terms began to be used are listed first followed by important LGBTQ history events:

Lesbian - 1732 - the term lesbian first used by William King in his book, The Toast, published in England which meant women who loved women.

Homosexual - 1869 - Hungarian journalist Karl-Maria Kertheny first used the term homosexual.

Bisexual - 1894/1967. 1872 - the pamphlet, "Psychopathia Sexualis" was translated from German and one of the first times the term bisexual is used. 1967: Sexual Freedom League formed in San Francisco in support of bisexual people.

Gay - 1955 - the term gay was used throughout Europe earlier, but this is the year most agree that gay came to mean same-sex relationships between men.

Transgender - 1965 - John Oliven, in his book, Sexual Hygiene and Pathology, used the term transgender to mean a person who identifies with a gender other than the one they were assigned at birth.

Colonial Life and Founding of the Nation (1607-1770)

1607 - Founding of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America.

1619 - Approximately 20 Africans sold into slavery in Jamestown, Virginia.

1624 - Richard Cornish of the Virginia Colony is tried and hanged for sodomy.

1630 - Massachusetts Bay Colony was established believing they had made a "covenant with God to build an ideal Christian community."

1631 - Massachusetts Bay General Court, in accordance with Puritan religious and moral beliefs, declared that the following were considered sex crimes and were punishable by whipping, banishment or execution: fornication, adultery, rape, and sodomy.

1637, 1638 - Trials of Anne Hutchinson in the Massachusetts colony for holding religious meetings in her home since she was not allowed to hold these types of meetings in the male-dominated churches. She was banned from the community.

1687 - New England Primer published and used in colonial schools (90 pages). Some consider this as the first school-based textbook. Content included letters and words, as well as religious-based prayers and instruction such as, "God created man, male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures."

1714 - Sodomy laws in place in the early colonies and in the colonial militia. These laws remained in place until challenged in 1925.

American Revolution, Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution (1770-1787)

1776 - Declaration of Independence.

1778 - Lieutenant Gotthold Frederick Enslin of the Continental Army becomes the first documented service member to be dismissed from the U.S. military for homosexuality. Read more at U.S. History Naval Institute Blog / Timeline of Military Gay History.

1779 - Thomas Jefferson proposes Virginia law to make sodomy punishable by mutilation rather than death. It was rejected by the Virginia legislature

The New Republic / Divergent Paths of the American People (1787-1850)

1788 - U.S. Constitution adopted. Includes a three-fifths clause that counted each slave as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of congressional representation and tax apportionment.

1839 - Margaret Fuller begins hosting conversations about the "great questions" regarding their role and gender around Boston.

1848 - Seneca Falls Convention held in Seneca, NY. First women's rights convention of 300 men and women. Many signed the "Declaration of Sentiments" which listed the variety of ways women had been disenfranchised from American society.

1848 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed between the U.S. and Mexico that ended the Mexican-American War and added land which is today California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming and Colorado.

1848 - Gold discovered in California, which begins the gold rush. The non-native population in California grew from 1000 to 100,000 by 1849 and was mostly men. The population of San Francisco grew from 850 in 1848 to 25,000 in 1850.

1849 - Lifelong partners Jason Chamberlain and John Chaffee sail from Boston to California to seek their fortunes in the California gold rush. They lived together in Groveland, Ca until Chamberlain died in 1903.

1850 - California becomes a state.

Civil War and Civil Rights (1850-1870)

1861 - 1865 - Civil War. Read more at U.S. History Naval Institute Blog / Timeline of Military Gay History

1868 - Fourteenth Amendment Ratified. This is the most cited amendment in Supreme Court civil rights cases and has been the basis for landmark civil rights cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, Roe v. Wade and Obergefell v. Hodges. Gay rights advocates cite this amendment in support of equality for future court cases.

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law, which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

1868 - Two-Spirit, We'wha, a Zuni Native American, meets with President Grover Cleveland.

Industrialization, Westward Expansion, Immigration and Religion (1870-1890)

1870 - Nearly 500,000 Americans had crossed the continental U.S. to the western territories since 1840. Just 10% of these travelers were women.

1879 - Death of Charley Parkhurst, well-known stagecoach driver in Central California who was born a woman, but lived as a man. Buried in Watsonville, Ca.

1889 - Jane Addams, along with other women, open Hull House in Chicago that provided daycare, libraries, classes and an employment bureau for women.

1890 - The term, Lesbian, first used in a medical dictionary.

1890 - Hull House, founded by Jane Addams and other women opens in Chicago, IL with funding from her partner, Mary Rozet Smith.

1890 - Birth of Alan Hart who pioneered the use of the X-Ray for tuberculosis diagnosis and one of the first transgender men in history.

U.S. Rise as a World Power, World War 1, Harlem Renaissance and the Great Depression (1890 - 1939)

1892 - The pamphlet, "Psychopathia Sexualis" is translated from German and one of the first times the term bisexual is used. Written by Richard van Kraft-Ebbing. Translated by Charles Gilbert Chaddock.

1895 - Trial of Oscar Wilde (writer and novelist) in London, England and convicted for gross indecency (relationships with other men) and served two years in jail.

1896 - Magnus Hirschfeld, a Jewish German physician and sexologist issued a pamphlet, Sappho and Socrates, on homosexual love (under the pseudonym Th. Ramien).

1907 - Hirschfeld, a Jewish German physician and sexologist, testified at a trial in Germany about a gay relationship and stated, "homosexuality was part of the plan of nature and creation just like normal love."

1914 - 1918 - World War I

Read more at U.S. History Naval Institute Blog / Timeline of Military Gay History

1917-1935 - The Harlem Renaissance. Historians have stated that the renaissance was "as gay as it was black." Some of the lesbian, gay or bisexual people of this movement included writers and poets such as Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen and Zora Neale Hurston; Professor Alain Locke; music critic and photographer Carl Van Vechten, and entertainers Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters and Gladys Bentley.

1924 - The Society for Human Rights, the first gay rights organization, was founded by Henry Gerber in Chicago who had emigrated from Germany. The organization ceased to exist after most of its members were arrested.

World War II (1930-1945)

1944-1945 - As the war came to an end, U.S., British and Soviet forces liberated people held in Nazi concentration camps in Germany.

1945 - German Homosexual men, designated by a pink triangle on their clothing, were the last group to be released from the Nazi concentration camps after liberation by the Allied forces because Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code stated that homosexual relations between males to be illegal.

Social Transformation and Foreign Policy Post WW2 / Lavender Scare (1945-1960)

1948 - Alfred Kinsey, an American biologist and sexologist at Indiana University issues the first report, Sexual Behavior of the Human Male, was published and discussed male homosexuality (Also known as the Kinsey report).

1950 - U.S. Congress issues the report entitled " Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in Government " is distributed to members of Congress after the federal government had covertly investigated employees' sexual orientation. The report states that since homosexuality is a mental illness, homosexuals "constitute security risks" to the nation.

1950 - The Mattachine Society formed in Los Angeles, California by activist Harry Hay and is one of the first sustained gay rights groups in the United States. The Society focused on social acceptance and other support for homosexuals. Various branches formed in other cities. The organization continues today with different objectives.

1952 - Christine Jorgensen became one of the most famous transgender people when she underwent a sex change operation and went on to a successful career in show business.

1952 - The American Psychiatric Association' s diagnostic manual lists homosexuality as a sociopathic personality disturbance that could be treated.

1952 - U.S. Congress passed and President Harry S. Truman signed into law the Immigration Act that barred "aliens afflicted with a psychopathic personality, epilepsy or mental defect." Congress made clear that this was meant to exclude "homosexuals and sex perverts."

1953 - Kinsey Report, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, was published and discussed female homosexuality.

1953 (April 27) - Executive Order 10450 issued by President Dwight D. Eisenhower banning homosexuals from working for the federal government stating they are a security risk. This order stays in place until 1993 when President Bill Clinton and the U.S. Congress enact the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" law.

Read more at U.S. History Naval Institute Blog / Timeline of Military Gay History

1955 - Daughters of Bilitis, the first lesbian rights organization is founded in San Francisco, California by Phyllis Lyon and Del Martin. They hosted private social functions, fearing police raids, threats of violence and discrimination in bars and clubs. The organization lasted until 1969.

1957 - Frank Kameny, an astronomer for the U.S. Army Map Service, was released from government service because of his homosexuality, an outgrowth of Executive Order 10450. He had earned his doctorate in astronomy from Harvard University and was a professor of astronomy at Georgetown University before taking a government position. Kameny appealed the decision to the Supreme Court but was rejected.

Civil Rights, Space Race, Vietnam and Protests (1960-1975)

1962 - Illinois becomes the first state to decriminalize homosexual acts between two consenting adults in private.

1963 - Bayard Rustin, an associate of Martin Luther King, and a gay African American man helped organize the March on Washington that culminated with King's 'I Have a Dream' speech.

1967 - The Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop opened in New York City by Craig Rodwell. The bookshop was the first of its kind in the U.S. that was devoted to gay history and gay rights.

1969 - Gay Liberation Front organization formed in New York following the Stonewall Riots to advocate for sexual liberation for all people.

1969 - The Gay Activist Alliance formed in New York by a group who were not satisfied with the direction of the Gay Liberation Front. Their purpose was more political and they wanted to "secure basic human rights, dignity and freedom for all gay people."

1970 - The first gay pride marches were held in multiple cities across the United States on the first anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, including San Francisco and Los Angeles / West Hollywood.

1971 - The "Body Politic" Magazine began publishing in Toronto, Canada. Became one of the most widely read publication regarding LGBT rights.

1972 - The National Bisexual Liberation Group formed in New York.

1972 - The play, "Coming Out!" written by Jonathan Ned Katz, is performed for the first time in New York and provides a historical perspective of gay life from the colonial period to the present.

1973 - The American Psychiatric Association, after considerable advocacy by Frank Kameny and members of the Mattachine Society, changed the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder. It was not until 1987 that homosexuality was completely removed from the APA list of mental disorders. The APA found that "the latest and best scientific evidence shows that sexual orientation and expressions of gender identity occur naturally...and that in short, there is no scientific evidence that sexual orientation, be it heterosexual, homosexual or otherwise, is a freewill choice."

1974 - Elaine Noble becomes the first openly gay person to be elected as a state legislator; she served in the Massachusetts State House of Representatives for two terms.

The Conservative Resurgence (1975-2000)

1977 - Anita Bryant, former American singer and Miss America Pageant winner formed a group called "Save Our Children" to protest against a Dade County, Florida ordinance preventing discrimination against homosexuals. Her campaign was successful and the law was repealed. Gay and lesbian activists and organizations, including Harvey Milk, condemned the action and in response, boycotted Florida Citrus Commission products, for which Bryant was a spokesperson. In 1980, Bryant was fired as the spokesperson for the Florida Citrus Commission and in 1998, a new gay and lesbian rights ordinance was passed. This was one of the first times the LGBT community realized the political power they possessed.

1978 - The Briggs Initiative, a statewide proposition in California, was defeated by 58% of the voters. The initiative would have banned gays and lesbians from working in California's public schools.

1976 - The book, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A., is written by Jonathan Ned Katz based on his play of 1972. This was the first book that documented gay history in the U.S.

1978 (June 25) - In San Francisco, the Rainbow Flag is first flown during the Gay Freedom Parade; the flag becomes a symbol of gay and lesbian pride.

1978 (Nov. 27) - San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk is assassinated along with Mayor George Moscone. Supervisor Dan White is convicted of voluntary manslaughter and is sentenced to seven years in prison.

1979 - National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights. Over 100,000 people gathered in support of gay and lesbian rights.

1979 - Chapters of the national organization of Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) are founded across the United States.

1981 (June 5) - AIDS Epidemic begins. The U.S. Center for Disease Control reported the first cases of a rare lung disease, which would be named AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) the following year. There were a total of 583, 298 U.S. men women and children who would die from AIDS through 2007.

1983 - San Francisco AIDS Foundation co-founded by Cleve Jones, Marcus Conant, Frank Jacobson and Richard Keller.

1983 - Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling in Watkins v. United States Army. The New York Times published an article in 1991 detailing Perry Watkins' settlement with the U.S. Army following his win in the courts.

1985 - Rock Hudson dies. He was a leading actor in many movies in the 1950s and 1960s. He died of complications related to AIDS. After his death, it was revealed that he was gay and had several male relationships.

1985 - The AIDS Quilt concept was conceived and implemented by Cleve Jones, an LGBT activist in San Francisco.

1987 - The organization, ACT UP formed in New York. The purpose of ACT UP was to impact the lives of people living with AIDS, to advocate for legislation, medical research and treatment, and to bring an end to the disease. The organization is still active today.

1988 (Dec. 1) - The World Health Organization (WHO) declared December 1 as the first World AIDS Day.

1993 - The U.S. Congress passed and President Bill Clinton signed "Don't Ask Don't Tell" that allowed gay and lesbian people to serve in the military. They would not be asked their sexual orientation during enlistment screening.

1994 - Greg Louganis, four-time Olympic gold medalist and considered one of the greatest divers in history, publicly came out as gay as part of the Gay Games in New York City. He subsequently wrote a book entitled Breaking the Surface that was published in 1996. In it he revealed his Olympic experiences, coming out journey, and that he was diagnosed with AIDS in 1988.

1997 - Ellen DeGeneres, a comedian, TV actor and television host was one of the first popular entertainers who publicly came out as a lesbian during an interview on the Oprah Winfrey show and then became the first openly gay character on the TV show, "Ellen." She was then highlighted on the cover of Time Magazine and other news organizations.

1998 - Matthew Shepard, a 21-year-old student at the University of Wyoming, was brutally attacked and tied to a fence in a field outside of Laramie, Wyo. and left to die because he was gay. He died from his wounds several days later. This was one of the most notorious anti-gay hate crimes in America and resulted in a federal law passed 10 years later in 2009 called the "Hate Crimes Prevention Act", a federal law against bias crimes directed at lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender people.

The 21st Century Transformation (2000-Present)

2008 (November) - Proposition 8 passes with a 52% yes vote in California declaring that marriage is between a man and a woman.

2010 - The U.S. Congress passed and President Barack Obama signed the repeal of "Don't Ask Don't Tell" so that gay and lesbian people could serve openly in the military. One person present at the signing ceremony in the White House was Frank Kameny who had been released from military service in 1958 because of discriminatory policies against gay and lesbian people.

Read more at U.S. History Naval Institute Blog / Timeline of Military Gay History

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LGBTQ Rights Timeline in American History " Teaching LGBTQ History

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LGBTQ Rights Timeline in American History This timeline is organized in units that are typically taught in middle school and high school U.S. History classrooms and is consistent with the people and events listed in the new California History-Social Science Framework (2016). Our Family Coalition will be updating the timeline over time.

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Who we are Our Family Coalition advances equity for the full and expanding spectrum of LGBTQ families and children through support, education, and advocacy. Learn more about us 2023 By the numbers 0 Events Held 0 Family Program Engagements 0 Educator Trainings $ 0 Direct Food Support & Aid to Bay Area Families Programs & ...

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Inquiry Design Model: Building Inquiries in Social Studies - C3 Teachers

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Inquiry Design Model: Building Inquiries in Social Studies - C3 Teachers

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Now available from NCSS and C3 Teachers, Inquiry Design Model: Building Inquiries in Social Studies is a comprehensive, in-depth guide for teachers who want to build classroom inquiries based on the C3 Framework.

The book walks teachers through the IDM Design Path (see below) advice on how to formulate compelling and supporting questions, build disciplinary knowledge, and develop the ability of students to evaluate evidence, construct arguments, and take informed action.

The College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for State Social Studies Standards (National Council for the Social Studies, 2013) ushered in an important opportunity to articulate a common vernacular for and a curricular approach to inquiry. Featuring four distinct but inter-connected dimensions, the C3 Inquiry Arc lays out a process for supporting students to ask questions about our social world, use concepts and tools from the disciplines that make up social studies, analyze and argue about what they have learned, and apply that knowledge to the challenges that face our world today.

While the C3 Framework was an important step in clarifying what inquiry should ideally look like in social studies, teachers understandably wanted more. Teachers have rightfully wondered: How do I teach the Civil War or the Civil Rights Movement or the Gilded Age through inquiry? How do the four dimensions apply to wealth inequality or teaching the three branches of government or push and pull patterns of immigration? What are the interim steps students need to take to answer a compelling question with an evidenced-based essay? And, how in the world do students take action on topics as distant and abstract as ancient history, World War II, and the like? Soon after the publication of the C3 Framework, we became acutely aware of the challenges teachers faced in visualizing the four dimensions as curriculum-the language of classrooms.

The opportunity to create curriculum using the spine of the Inquiry Arc came in 2014 when we created the New York Toolkit Project ( https://c3teachers.org/new-york-hub/), a set of 84 curriculum units or inquiries (six each at grades K-11, twelve at grade 12) that aligned to the newly published social studies content standards in New York. The New York Toolkit Project allowed us to operationalize a curricular vision for the C3 Framework we now call the Inquiry Design Model or IDM (Grant, Swan & Lee, 2015). Over the course of a year, with the help of a committed and innovative group of K-12 teachers, we kicked the tires of IDM trying to hone a way to do curriculum that would elevate and further articulate inquiry but not annoy teachers with over-prescriptions and other lesson plan tedium. And, we did our fair share of kicking.

In 2017, we published our first book on IDM, Inquiry-Based Practice in Social Studies Education: Understanding the Inquiry Design Model (Grant, Swan & Lee, 2017) in which we outlined the core elements of inquiry-questions, tasks and sources-that appear within the blueprint. The blueprint is the centerpiece of IDM allowing designers to represent an inquiry's compelling and supporting questions, formative and summative tasks, and disciplinary sources. We confine the blueprint to one page as it provides a visual snapshot of an inquiry, devoid of the day-to-day detailed procedures that often weigh down lesson and unit plans.

Although teachers appreciate a theoretical grounding in inquiry's key elements, early IDM adopters/designers persisted in wanting to know how do you actually create inquiries using IDM. Heading their advice, we went began to mine our own process for creating inquiries in an effort to reveal the sticking points that teachers encountered when trying to create their own.

We wrote this design book wanting to understand, how do you really (we mean, really) write an inquiry? Where do you start and how do you finish? What ideas come in-between? How do we teach others to do the IDM without falling down the rabbit hole of making things too complex, too convoluted, or too esoteric? Could we be as clear about a process for developing an IDM as we were in defining the C3 Inquiry Arc? As methods instructors, we couldn't help but tackle this challenge and this book is the product of a 4-year conversation (and on some days, argument) about how exactly we do IDM.

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Inquiry Design Model: Building Inquiries in Social Studies - C3 Teachers

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Now available from NCSS and C3 Teachers, Inquiry Design Model: Building Inquiries in Social Studies is a comprehensive, in-depth guide for teachers who want to build classroom inquiries based on the C3 Framework. The book walks teachers through the IDM Design Path (see below) advice on how to formulate compelling and supporting questions, build disciplinary knowledge, and develop [...]

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Supporting teaching designing and teaching with inquiry

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This inquiry leads students through an investigation of campaign finance by examining election costs, expenditures, and the complex relationships between candidates and political-action committees. By investigating the compelling question "Does money matter in political campaigns?" students dissect contemporary political campaigns in order to assess whether or not campaign-finance reform should take place.

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The Content, Literacy, Inquiry, and Citizenship (CLIC) Project

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The Content, Literacy, Inquiry, and Citizenship (CLIC) Project

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The Content, Literacy, Inquiry, and Citizenship (CLIC) Project

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Bracero Program Civic Education LGBT History Environmental Literacy and HSS Filipino American Contributions to the Farm Labor Movement Armenian Genocide American Indian Genocide Cambodian Genocide Rwandan Genocide Challenging Injustice

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Teachinghistory.org is designed to help K-12 history teachers access resources and materials to improve U.S. history education in the classroom. With funding from the U.S. Department of Education, the Center for History and New Media (CHNM) has created Teachinghistory.org with the goal of making history content, teaching strategies, resources, and research accessible.

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Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in the History-Social Science Classroom

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CHAPTER 1: Content. Inquiry. Literacy. Citizenship.

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CHAPTER 1: Content. Inquiry. Literacy. Citizenship.

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CHAPTER 2: Instructional Practice for KindergartenThrough Grade Five

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CHAPTER 2: Instructional Practice for KindergartenThrough Grade Five

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CHAPTER 4: Grade 1- A Child’s Place in Time and Space

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CHAPTER 4: Grade 1- A Child’s Place in Time and Space

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CHAPTER 3: Kindergarten- Learning andWorking Now and Long Ago

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CHAPTER 3: Kindergarten- Learning andWorking Now and Long Ago

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CHAPTER 5: Grade 2- People Who Make a Difference

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CHAPTER 5: Grade 2- People Who Make a Difference

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CHAPTER 6: Grade 3- Continuity and Change

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CHAPTER 6: Grade 3- Continuity and Change

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CHAPTER 7: Grade 4- California: A Changing State

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CHAPTER 7: Grade 4- California: A Changing State

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CHAPTER 8: Grade 5- United States History and Geography: Making a New Nation

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CHAPTER 8: Grade 5- United States History and Geography: Making a New Nation

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CHAPTER 9: Instructional Practice for Grades Six Through Eight

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CHAPTER 9: Instructional Practice for Grades Six Through Eight

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CHAPTER 10: Grade 6- World History and Geography:Ancient Civilizations

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CHAPTER 10: Grade 6- World History and Geography:Ancient Civilizations

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CHAPTER 11: Grade 7- World History and Geography: Medieval and Early Modern Times

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CHAPTER 11: Grade 7- World History and Geography: Medieval and Early Modern Times

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CHAPTER 12: Grade 8- United States History and Geography:Growth and Conflict

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CHAPTER 12: Grade 8- United States History and Geography:Growth and Conflict

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CHAPTER 13: Instructional Practice for Grades Nine Through Twelve

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CHAPTER 13: Instructional Practice for Grades Nine Through Twelve

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CHAPTER 14: Elective Courses in History–SocialScience

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CHAPTER 14: Elective Courses in History–SocialScience

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CHAPTER 15: Grade 10- World History, Culture,  and Geography: The Modern World

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CHAPTER 15: Grade 10- World History, Culture,  and Geography: The Modern World

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CHAPTER 16: Grade 11- United States History and Geography: Continuity and Change in Modern United States History

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CHAPTER 16: Grade 11- United States History and Geography: Continuity and Change in Modern United States History

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CHAPTER 17: Grade 12- Principles of American Democracy(One Semester)

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CHAPTER 17: Grade 12- Principles of American Democracy(One Semester)

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CHAPTER 18: Grade 12- Principles of Economics                 (One Semester)    

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CHAPTER 18: Grade 12- Principles of Economics                 (One Semester)    

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CHAPTER 19: Assessment of Proficiency in History–SocialScience

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CHAPTER 19: Assessment of Proficiency in History–SocialScience

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CHAPTER 23: Criteria for Evaluating Instructional Materials: Kindergarten Through Grade Eight

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CHAPTER 23: Criteria for Evaluating Instructional Materials: Kindergarten Through Grade Eight

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APPENDIX A: Capacities ofLiterate Individuals

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APPENDIX A: Capacities ofLiterate Individuals

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APPENDIX B: Problems, Questions, and Themes in the History andGeography Classroom

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APPENDIX B: Problems, Questions, and Themes in the History andGeography Classroom

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APPENDIX D: Teaching the Contemporary World 

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APPENDIX D: Teaching the Contemporary World 

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APPENDIX E: Educating forDemocracy: CivicEducation in theHistory–SocialScience Curriculum 

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APPENDIX E: Educating forDemocracy: CivicEducation in theHistory–SocialScience Curriculum 

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APPENDIX F: Religion andHistory–SocialScience Education 

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APPENDIX F: Religion andHistory–SocialScience Education 

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APPENDIX G: California Education and the EnvironmentInitiative 

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APPENDIX G: California Education and the EnvironmentInitiative 

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APPENDIX H: Practicing CivicEngagement:Service-Learning in the History–SocialScience Framework 

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APPENDIX H: Practicing CivicEngagement:Service-Learning in the History–SocialScience Framework 

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Support for English Learners in the History Social Science Classroom

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Support for English Learners in the History Social Science Classroom

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Support for English Learners in the History Social Science Classroom

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We're committed to providing educators accessible, high-quality teaching tools. That's why all our lessons and assessments are free. Please consider donating to SHEG to support our creation of new materials. All gifts are made through Stanford University and are tax-deductible.

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OER Project is a family of free, online social studies curricula. Aligned to state standards and easily adaptable.

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Share the Strategy and Source RQI Our materials are available under a Creative Commons Sharealike license. To comply with this license, you must include the following language on all materials you use, share, adapt, or create: "Source: The Question Formulation Technique (QFT) was created by the Right Question Institute (rightquestion.org)." As long as you include this source language, you are welcome to use, adapt, and share our strategies and materials for noncommercial use. You may also create new materials that reference the Question Formulation Technique (QFT) and/or other Right Question Institute strategies as long as you include the source language above. If you are interested in sharing RQI's resources for commercial purposes you must contact us by selecting the "Permission for Use" option on the contact form.

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Share the Strategy and Source RQI Our materials are available under a Creative Commons Sharealike license. To comply with this license, you must include the following language on all materials you use, share, adapt, or create: "Source: The Question Formulation Technique (QFT) was created by the Right Question Institute (rightquestion.org)."

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Lesson Plan: Choice Board: US History 1820 - 1850

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Lesson Plan: Choice Board: US History 1820 - 1850

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Choice Board: US History 1820 - 1850 | C-SPAN Classroom

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This document is a choice board covering 16 different topics related to the United States from 1820 to 1850. For each topic, students are linked to a C-SPAN video and one other .gov source. Using this information they are then asked to reflect on what they learned from each.

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Preparing a Source for Student Inquiry in History Social Science

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Preparing a Source for Student Inquiry in History Social Science

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Preparing a Source for Student Inquiry in History Social Science

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C-SPAN Classroom Choice Board - 1820-1850

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C-SPAN Classroom Choice Board - 1820-1850

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resourcesforhistoryteachers / Digital Choice Boards and Infographics for Teachers and Students